新中国成立后灌县茶叶生产发展历程（上）
新中国成立后灌县茶叶生产发展历程（上）
The Development of Tea Production in Guan County After the Founding of New China (Part 1)
三年困难时期的茶叶生产
Tea Production During the Three-Year Difficult Period
茶叶是灌县（1988年更名为都江堰市）历史悠久的主要特产之一。唐代陆羽《茶经》和毛文锡《茶谱》中都有记载。
Tea is one of the long-standing specialty products of Guan County (renamed Dujiangyan City in 1988), recorded in Lu Yu's "The Classic of Tea" and Mao Wenxi's "Tea Spectrum" during the Tang Dynasty.
新中国成立后，茶叶生产从私营为主转变为以国营为主。1950年国家规定茶叶销售比例为公司65%，私商35%。1956年工商业社会主义改造完成后，茶叶完全由国家经营。
After the founding of New China, tea production shifted from private ownership to state-led operation. In 1950, the state stipulated a sales ratio of 65% for state-owned companies and 35% for private merchants. After the socialist transformation of industry and commerce in 1956, tea production was completely state-operated.
1958年茶叶生产"大跃进"
The "Great Leap Forward" in Tea Production in 1958
1958年，在"三面红旗"指引下，灌县茶叶生产掀起高潮：
- 建立高标准茶园
- 创办国营和集体茶场
- 开办茶业技术学校
In 1958, under the guidance of the "Three Red Banners", tea production in Guan County reached a climax:
- Establishment of high-standard tea gardens
- Creation of state-owned and collective tea farms
- Opening of tea technology schools
当年全县茶园虫害严重，受害面积达6500多亩。各农业社组织除虫突击队，建立妇女情报网，及时消灭虫害。
That year, tea gardens suffered severe pest damage affecting over 6,500 acres. Agricultural cooperatives organized pest control teams and established women's reporting networks to eliminate pests in time.
自然灾害时期的茶叶生产
Tea Production During Natural Disasters
1958-1961年间，灌县遭遇三次重大自然灾害：
- 1958年9月岷江大洪水
- 1960年8月大暴雨
- 1961年夏季持续洪水
From 1958 to 1961, Guan County experienced three major natural disasters:
- The great Min River flood in September 1958
- Heavy rainstorm in August 1960
- Continuous summer floods in 1961
尽管如此，茶叶生产仍获得好收成。向峨公社1956年产量达历史最高的578.9担，1959年下降30%。而虹口公社4大队却实现连续三年增产，1961年产量比1958年增长124.6%。
Despite this, tea production still achieved good harvests. Xiang'e Commune reached a historical high of 578.9 dan in 1956 but decreased by 30% in 1959. However, the 4th Brigade of Hongkou Commune achieved three consecutive years of increased production, with 1961 output 124.6% higher than 1958.
灌县茶叶联营公司的成立
Establishment of Guan County Tea Joint Venture Company
1980年8月，灌县对外贸易站和茶厂联合向县革委会提交报告，建议成立"灌县茶叶联营公司"。9月公司正式成立，主要目标：
- 形成农工商一体化经营
- 缩减经营环节
- 1985年实现总产1万担
In August 1980, Guan County Foreign Trade Station and Tea Factory jointly submitted a report to the County Revolutionary Committee proposing the establishment of "Guan County Tea Joint Venture Company". The company was officially established in September with main objectives:
- Forming integrated agricultural-industrial-commercial operations
- Reducing operational links
- Achieving total production of 10,000 dan by 1985
公司成立后重点抓了40个茶园约3700亩，产量增长30-50%，个别茶园成倍增长。同时带动了私人小茶园的发展。
After establishment, the company focused on 40 tea gardens covering about 3,700 acres, achieving 30-50% yield increases, with some gardens doubling production. It also promoted the development of private small tea gardens.
作者简介
About the Author
李崎，57岁，四川省都江堰人，中国红色文化研究会理事，四川省作家协会会员，都江堰市长征历史文化研究会会长。主要研究方向为红军长征历史、灌区水利历史等。
Li Qi, 57 years old, from Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province, is a director of the Chinese Red Culture Research Association and member of Sichuan Writers Association. His main research areas include the history of the Red Army's Long March and irrigation water conservancy history.
