美国服装进口市场分析：成本上涨与供应链多元化的挑战

美国服装进口市场分析：成本上涨与供应链多元化的挑战

Analysis of US Apparel Import Market: Rising Costs and Supply Chain Diversification Challenges

一、美国服装进口增长放缓，消费需求疲软

1. Slowing US Apparel Import Growth and Weakening Consumer Demand

得益于消费者支出，2022年上半年，美国服装进口价值同比增长40%，数量同比增长24%。然而，由于经济低迷，美国消费者购物需求有所下降，因此美国服装进口增长速度正在迅速放缓。

Thanks to consumer spending, the value of US apparel imports increased by 40% year-on-year in the first half of 2022, with volume up 24%. However, due to economic downturn, US consumer demand is declining, leading to a rapid slowdown in apparel import growth.

美国消费者信心指数（CCI）在2022年6月跌至54.8，为疫情以来的最低水平。这一结果表明，美国消费者越发担心家庭财务前景，并会抑制服装方面的支出。

The US Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) fell to 54.8 in June 2022, the lowest level since the pandemic. This indicates growing concerns among US consumers about household finances, leading to reduced spending on apparel.

二、多重因素推动服装采购成本上涨

2. Multiple Factors Driving Up Apparel Procurement Costs

截至2022年6月，美国服装进口价格指数达到103.9，同比上涨3.1%，为2019年以来最高。美国国际贸易委员会数据进一步显示，2022年上半年，200多种服装商品中，近70％的价格比一年前有所上涨。

As of June 2022, the US apparel import price index reached 103.9, up 3.1% year-on-year - the highest since 2019. US International Trade Commission data further shows that nearly 70% of over 200 apparel products saw price increases in H1 2022 compared to the previous year.

更糟糕的是，更昂贵的商品成本也将导致美国服装企业的从价进口关税负担加重。美国国际贸易委员会数据显示，2022年前5个月，美国企业为进口服装支付了61.17亿美元的关税，同比大幅增长42.9%。

Worse still, higher product costs are increasing ad valorem import tariff burdens for US apparel companies. Data shows US firms paid $6.117 billion in apparel import tariffs in the first five months of 2022, a sharp 42.9% increase year-on-year.

三、供应链多元化趋势明显

3. Clear Trend Toward Supply Chain Diversification

用于衡量市场集中度的赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数（HHI）从2021年的0.11下降到2022年上半年的0.10，表明美国服装进口来源国变得更加多样化。前三大服装供应国（中国、越南和孟加拉国）总市场份额在2022年上半年跌至50%以下。

The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) measuring market concentration fell from 0.11 in 2021 to 0.10 in H1 2022, indicating greater diversification of US apparel import sources. The combined market share of the top three suppliers (China, Vietnam and Bangladesh) dropped below 50% in H1 2022.

四、美国服装企业调整中国采购策略

4. US Apparel Firms Adjust China Sourcing Strategies

美国的服装企业正在"升级"他们从中国采购的产品，选择进口做工更复杂和更高价值的款式。此外，越来越多企业从中国采购高端服装产品，中国制造的高端和大众市场商品占比从5%飙升至64%。

US apparel companies are "upgrading" their China sourcing, shifting to more complex and higher-value products. Additionally, more firms are procuring premium apparel from China, with the share of China-made premium and mass-market goods surging from 5% to 64%.

五、FTA框架下进口稳定但缺乏增长

5. Stable But Stagnant Imports Under FTAs

虽然美国的服装企业从自由贸易协定中受益良多，但2022年的服装进口情况仍保持相对稳定，未发生增长。产品多样化是亟需改进的关键性领域，特别是对于西半球的进口采购而言。

While US apparel firms benefit significantly from free trade agreements, 2022 imports remained stable without growth. Product diversification is a key area needing improvement, especially for Western Hemisphere sourcing.