厄瓜多尔花卉出口商积极开拓新市场应对国际挑战
作者 | 旷野 来源 | FCI2022年10月刊
Author | MARTA PIZANO Source | FCI October 2022 Issue
近年来，厄瓜多尔花卉出口商面临诸多挑战，特别是玫瑰出口商处境尤为艰难。2020年疫情导致物流受阻和运输成本飙升50%-70%，随后国内政治动荡引发工人罢工和道路封锁。2022年2月爆发的俄乌冲突更是雪上加霜，直接影响厄瓜多尔玫瑰在传统重要市场——俄罗斯和乌克兰的销售。
In recent years, Ecuadorian flower exporters have faced numerous challenges, with rose exporters being particularly affected. The 2020 pandemic caused logistics disruptions and a 50%-70% surge in transportation costs, followed by domestic political unrest triggering worker strikes and road blockades. The Russia-Ukraine conflict that broke out in February 2022 exacerbated the situation, directly impacting Ecuadorian rose sales in traditional key markets - Russia and Ukraine.
▲ 疫情高峰期厄瓜多尔花卉空运成本增长50%-70%，目前下降15%
▲ Air freight costs for Ecuadorian flowers increased by 50%-70% during the pandemic peak, now down 15%
根据FCI杂志对厄瓜多尔花卉出口数据的分析，过去十年出口额波动明显。2015年受俄罗斯经济制裁影响出口下滑，2018年短暂回升后再次下降。2021年出口额大幅增长，但市场重心明显转向美国。目前厄瓜多尔花卉种植面积超过6000公顷，玫瑰占70%，其他花卉如满天星、绣球等占25%，康乃馨和菊花占5%。2021年永生花出口额已达3000万美元。
FCI's analysis of Ecuadorian flower export data shows significant fluctuations over the past decade. Exports declined in 2015 due to Russian economic sanctions, briefly rebounded in 2018 before falling again. 2021 saw a substantial increase in export value, with a noticeable shift toward the U.S. market. Ecuador currently has over 6,000 hectares of flower cultivation, with roses accounting for 70%, other flowers like baby's breath and hydrangeas making up 25%, and carnations/chrysanthemums 5%. Preserved flower exports reached $30 million in 2021.
市场多元化战略初见成效
Market Diversification Strategy Shows Initial Success
厄瓜多尔花卉出口商协会正积极推动产品进入美国、加拿大、中国、韩国等新市场，争取免税准入。永盛玫瑰公司的Federico Santacruz表示："俄乌冲突导致3月出口额暴跌80%，迫使我们转向美国母亲节市场，5月才开始复苏。"目前该公司80%销售仍依赖俄罗斯市场，正尝试开拓德国、美国等新客户，并探索海运及加勒比地区贸易。
The Ecuadorian Flower Exporters Association is actively promoting market access to the U.S., Canada, China, South Korea and other new markets, seeking tariff-free entry. Federico Santacruz of Everbloom Roses stated: "The Russia-Ukraine conflict caused an 80% plunge in March exports, forcing us to pivot to the U.S. Mother's Day market, with recovery beginning in May." The company still relies on Russia for 80% of sales but is exploring new clients in Germany and the U.S., as well as maritime shipping and Caribbean trade.
▲ "战争爆发时我们正在准备国际妇女节销售" Federico Santacruz表示
▲ "The war broke out as we were preparing for International Women's Day sales," said Federico Santacruz
Esmeralda农场商务总监Eduardo Chiriboga指出："2022年上半年销售强劲，特别是情人节和母亲节期间。预计2023年需求将适度增长5%-7%。"美国市场目前因返程货运能力提升，空运成本已下降15%。欧洲市场则因欧元贬值和能源危机面临更大不确定性，可能为厄瓜多尔花卉提供填补荷兰生产缺口的机会。
Eduardo Chiriboga, Commercial Director of Esmeralda Farm, noted: "Sales were strong in the first half of 2022, especially during Valentine's Day and Mother's Day. Demand is expected to grow moderately by 5%-7% in 2023." The U.S. market has seen a 15% reduction in air freight costs due to increased return shipping capacity. The European market faces greater uncertainty from euro depreciation and energy crises, potentially creating opportunities for Ecuadorian flowers to fill gaps left by reduced Dutch production.
