瓷片鉴赏：从碎片中解读中国陶瓷文明密码
瓷片鉴赏：从碎片中解读中国陶瓷文明密码
Porcelain Shard Appreciation: Deciphering the Code of Chinese Ceramic Civilization from Fragments
上海古玩收藏界资深专家沈胜利与其学生刘国斌、儿子沈恺宇共同编撰的《谈瓷侃片——中国历代名窑瓷片鉴赏》近日出版。这部著作精选了他们数十年来收藏的300余枚具有重要标本价值的历代瓷片。
Shanghai antique collection expert Shen Shengli, together with his student Liu Guobin and son Shen Kaiyu, recently published "Discussions on Porcelain Shards - Appreciation of Famous Kiln Shards from Chinese Dynasties". The book features over 300 carefully selected porcelain shards with significant specimen value collected over decades.
一、瓷片改写中国陶瓷史
1. Porcelain Shards Rewriting Chinese Ceramic History
中国古代工匠地位低下，工艺记载稀少，给文物断代带来困难。但瓷片考古为我们提供了重要线索：
Ancient Chinese craftsmen had low social status, leaving few records of production techniques, making artifact dating difficult. However, porcelain shard archaeology provides crucial clues:
• 元代青花瓷：上世纪50年代通过海外藏品和"至正十一年"纪年象耳瓶确认
• Yuan Blue-and-White: Confirmed in 1950s through overseas collections and "Zhi Zheng 11th Year" dated elephant-ear vases
• 宋代青花瓷：1957-1970年浙江宋塔基出土瓷片证实
• Song Blue-and-White: Confirmed by shards unearthed from Song pagoda foundations in Zhejiang (1957-1970)
• 唐代青花瓷：扬州唐城遗址出土瓷片将青花历史前推900年
• Tang Blue-and-White: Shards from Yangzhou Tang city site pushed blue-and-white history back 900 years
二、瓷片鉴定的实战经验
2. Practical Experience in Shard Authentication
沈胜利先生19岁进入上海市工艺品进出口公司，师从孙经品先生学习鉴定。1977年，他在扬州鉴定出一件元代蓝釉白龙纹梅瓶，现为扬州博物馆镇馆之宝。
Mr. Shen Shengli joined Shanghai Arts & Crafts Import & Export Company at 19, learning authentication from Master Sun Jingpin. In 1977, he identified a Yuan Dynasty Blue-glazed White Dragon Prunus Vase in Yangzhou, now a treasure of Yangzhou Museum.
他的鉴定秘诀在于：
His authentication secrets include:
• 长期系统收集瓷片标本
• Long-term systematic collection of shard specimens
• 注重底部特征研究（修足方法、胎骨质地、款识风格）
• Focus on base characteristics study (foot trimming, body texture, mark style)
• 建立历代工艺特征数据库
• Building a database of dynastic craft characteristics
三、《谈瓷侃片》的学术价值
3. Academic Value of "Discussions on Porcelain Shards"
本书精选的300余枚瓷片具有多方面研究价值：
The book's 300+ selected shards have multifaceted research value:
1. 断代研究
1. Dating Research
包含"元至正"、"洪武"、"建文"等明确纪年款识的瓷片
Shards with clear dating marks like "Yuan Zhizheng", "Hongwu", "Jianwen"
2. 工艺研究
2. Craft Research
展示胎骨、釉面、窑温等工艺细节，比完整器更直观
Showing craft details like body, glaze, kiln temperature more clearly than intact wares
3. 纹饰研究
3. Decoration Research
收录"昭君出塞"、"魁星点斗"等丰富纹样，反映社会风貌
Rich patterns like "Zhaojun Leaving the Frontier", "Kuixing Pointing at Dipper" reflecting social features
国家文物鉴定委员会委员杨震华评价："这些瓷片弥补了这一门类研究的空白"。
Yang Zhenhua, member of National Cultural Relics Authentication Committee, commented: "These shards fill a gap in this field of research."
瓷片虽残，却承载着完整的文明密码。通过科学系统的研究，这些文明的碎片终将帮助我们修订中国陶瓷史的韵脚。
Though fragmented, these shards carry complete civilizational codes. Through scientific research, these civilization fragments will ultimately help us revise the rhymes of Chinese ceramic history.
