# Python怎么实现调查问卷 ## 引言 在数据收集和用户调研领域，调查问卷是最常用的工具之一。Python作为一门强大的编程语言，提供了多种实现调查问卷的方案。本文将详细介绍如何利用Python及相关库构建完整的调查问卷系统，涵盖以下内容： 1. 基础表单实现（Tkinter/命令行） 2. Web问卷方案（Flask/Django） 3. 专业问卷工具集成（Google Forms API） 4. 数据分析与可视化 5. 进阶功能与部署方案 --- ## 一、基础表单实现 ### 1.1 使用Tkinter构建GUI问卷 ```python import tkinter as tk from tkinter import messagebox class SurveyApp: def __init__(self): self.window = tk.Tk() self.window.title("Python问卷调查") # 问题列表 self.questions = [ "1. 您的年龄段是？", "2. 您对Python的熟悉程度如何？", "3. 您最常使用的Python库是什么？" ] # 答案存储 self.answers = [] self.create_widgets() def create_widgets(self): """创建界面组件""" tk.Label(self.window, text="请填写以下问卷").pack(pady=10) # 动态生成问题输入框 self.entry_widgets = [] for q in self.questions: frame = tk.Frame(self.window) tk.Label(frame, text=q).pack(side=tk.LEFT) entry = tk.Entry(frame) entry.pack(side=tk.RIGHT) frame.pack(fill=tk.X, padx=5, pady=5) self.entry_widgets.append(entry) # 提交按钮 tk.Button(self.window, text="提交", command=self.submit).pack(pady=20) def submit(self): """收集答案""" self.answers = [e.get() for e in self.entry_widgets] messagebox.showinfo("感谢", "问卷提交成功！") self.window.quit() def run(self): self.window.mainloop() if __name__ == "__main__": app = SurveyApp() app.run() print("收集到的答案：", app.answers) 对于不需要GUI的场景，可使用questionary库：
from questionary import text, select, checkbox def run_survey(): answers = {} answers["name"] = text("请输入您的姓名:").ask() answers["age"] = select( "请选择年龄段:", choices=["18岁以下", "18-25岁", "26-35岁", "36岁以上"] ).ask() answers["skills"] = checkbox( "请选择您掌握的Python技能:", choices=["基础语法", "Web开发", "数据分析", "机器学习"] ).ask() return answers if __name__ == "__main__": result = run_survey() print("\n问卷结果:") for k, v in result.items(): print(f"{k}: {v}") from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for app = Flask(__name__) # 临时存储 responses = [] @app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def survey(): if request.method == 'POST': response = { 'name': request.form.get('name'), 'feedback': request.form.get('feedback'), 'rating': request.form.get('rating') } responses.append(response) return redirect(url_for('thank_you')) return render_template('survey.html') @app.route('/thank-you') def thank_you(): return "感谢参与问卷调查！" if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(debug=True) 配套HTML模板（templates/survey.html）：
<form method="POST"> <label>姓名: <input type="text" name="name" required></label><br> <label>反馈意见:<br> <textarea name="feedback" rows="4" cols="50"></textarea> </label><br> <label>评分: <select name="rating"> <option value="5">5分 - 非常满意</option> <option value="4">4分</option> <option value="3">3分</option> <option value="2">2分</option> <option value="1">1分 - 很不满意</option> </select> </label><br> <button type="submit">提交</button> </form> # 创建Django项目 django-admin startproject survey_system cd survey_system python manage.py startapp questionnaires 关键模型设计（questionnaires/models.py）：
from django.db import models class Question(models.Model): TEXT = 'text' RADIO = 'radio' CHECKBOX = 'checkbox' QUESTION_TYPES = [ (TEXT, '文本回答'), (RADIO, '单选'), (CHECKBOX, '多选') ] text = models.CharField(max_length=200) question_type = models.CharField( max_length=8, choices=QUESTION_TYPES, default=TEXT ) def __str__(self): return self.text class Choice(models.Model): question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE) text = models.CharField(max_length=100) def __str__(self): return self.text class Response(models.Model): question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE) answer = models.TextField() created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) from googleapiclient.discovery import build from google.oauth2 import service_account # 配置服务账号 SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/forms.body'] SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE = 'credentials.json' credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file( SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE, scopes=SCOPES) service = build('forms', 'v1', credentials=credentials) # 创建新问卷 form = { "info": { "title": "Python用户调研", "documentTitle": "Python问卷2023" } } # 添加问题 question = { "requests": [{ "createItem": { "item": { "title": "您使用Python的主要领域是？", "questionItem": { "question": { "required": True, "choiceQuestion": { "type": "RADIO", "options": [ {"value": "Web开发"}, {"value": "数据分析"}, {"value": "人工智能"}, {"value": "自动化脚本"} ], "shuffle": False } } } }, "location": {"index": 0} } }] } result = service.forms().create(body=form).execute() question_set = service.forms().batchUpdate( formId=result["formId"], body=question).execute() import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 假设已有CSV格式的问卷数据 df = pd.read_csv('survey_results.csv') # 基础统计 print(df.describe()) # 可视化 df['rating'].value_counts().sort_index().plot( kind='bar', title='满意度评分分布' ) plt.xlabel('评分') plt.ylabel('人数') plt.savefig('rating_dist.png') from wordcloud import WordCloud from collections import Counter # 合并所有文本反馈 text = " ".join(df['feedback'].dropna()) # 生成词云 wordcloud = WordCloud(width=800, height=400, background_color='white').generate(text) plt.figure(figsize=(10,5)) plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear') plt.axis('off') plt.show() # 在Flask视图中添加验证 @app.route('/survey', methods=['POST']) def submit_survey(): email = request.form.get('email') if not validate_email(email): flash('请输入有效的邮箱地址') return redirect(url_for('survey')) # 其他处理逻辑... 传统服务器部署：
gunicorn -w 4 -b :8000 app:app Serverless部署：
容器化部署：
FROM python:3.9 COPY . /app WORKDIR /app RUN pip install -r requirements.txt CMD ["gunicorn", "app:app"] 通过Python实现调查问卷系统，开发者可以根据需求选择不同技术方案：
Python丰富的生态系统使问卷系统的开发、部署和分析形成完整闭环，是构建高效调研工具的绝佳选择。 “`
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