Qt如何绘制图表

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1 简介

使用Qt的charts模块来绘制图表，案例来自Qt自带的demo。

charts模块简介：Qt Chars模块提供了一系列容易使用的图表组件。需要使用charts组件时，需要导入Qt Charts模块，通过如下方式：QT += charts

在安装Qt Creator的时候，需要勾选上这个模块，不然是不能使用的。

2 Qt Charts总览

Qt Chars支持绘制：坐标图、柱状图、折线图、饼图、曲线图、散点图等。

3 测试及说明

首先创建一个工程，继承至MainWindow组件。

（1）绘制折线图

折线图通过线段展示一系列相关联的点。

使用的类：QLineSeries

测试代码：

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :     QMainWindow(parent),     ui(new Ui::MainWindow) {     ui->setupUi(this);     /*      * LineChart Example      */     //添加一个QLineSeries实例     QLineSeries *lineseries = new QLineSeries();     //添加数据（点），有两种方式     lineseries->append(0, 6);  //参数分别为横纵坐标     lineseries->append(2, 4);     lineseries->append(3, 8);     lineseries->append(7, 4);     *lineseries << QPointF(11, 1) << QPointF(13, 3) << QPointF(17, 6) << QPointF(18, 3) << QPointF(20, 2);     //添加一个QChart实例，为了展示数据     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->legend()->hide();  //隐藏图例     chart->addSeries(lineseries);     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->setTitle("Simple line chart example");     //添加一个QChartView图例     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);  //呈现方式     //显示     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show(); }

运行测试：

（2）绘制曲线图

使用的类：QSplineSeries

测试代码：

QSplineSeries *series = new QSplineSeries();     series->setName("spline");     series->append(0, 6);     series->append(2, 4);     series->append(3, 8);     series->append(7, 4);     series->append(10, 5);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->legend()->hide();     chart->addSeries(series);     chart->setTitle("Simple spline chart example");     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show();

运行测试：

（3）绘制面积图

使用的类：QAreaSeries

测试代码：

QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries();     QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries();     *series0 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(3, 7) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(9, 7) << QPointF(12, 6)              << QPointF(16, 7) << QPointF(18, 5);     *series1 << QPointF(1, 3) << QPointF(3, 4) << QPointF(7, 3) << QPointF(8, 2) << QPointF(12, 3)              << QPointF(16, 4) << QPointF(18, 3);     QAreaSeries *series = new QAreaSeries(series0, series1);     series->setName("Batman");     QPen pen(0x059605);     pen.setWidth(3);     series->setPen(pen);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->addSeries(series);     chart->setTitle("Simple areachart example");     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->axisX()->setRange(0, 20);     chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show();

运行测试：

（4）绘制散点图

使用的类：QScatterSeries

测试代码：

QScatterSeries *series0 = new QScatterSeries();     series0->setName("scatter1");     series0->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeCircle);     series0->setMarkerSize(5.0);     QScatterSeries *series1 = new QScatterSeries();     series1->setName("scatter2");     series1->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);     series1->setMarkerSize(10.0);     QScatterSeries *series2 = new QScatterSeries();     series2->setName("scatter3");     series2->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);     series2->setMarkerSize(15.0);     series0->append(0, 6);     series0->append(2, 4);     series0->append(3, 8);     series0->append(7, 4);     series0->append(10, 5);     *series1 << QPointF(1, 1) << QPointF(3, 3) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(8, 3) << QPointF(10, 2);     *series2 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(4, 6) << QPointF(6, 3) << QPointF(9, 5);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->addSeries(series0);     chart->addSeries(series1);     chart->addSeries(series2);     chart->setTitle("Simple scatterchart example");     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->setDropShadowEnabled(false);     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show();

运行测试：

（5）绘制柱状图

使用的类：QBarSeries

测试代码：

QBarSet *set0 = new QBarSet("Jane");     QBarSet *set1 = new QBarSet("John");     QBarSet *set2 = new QBarSet("Axel");     QBarSet *set3 = new QBarSet("Mary");     QBarSet *set4 = new QBarSet("Samantha");     *set0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << 4 << 5 << 6;     *set1 << 5 << 0 << 0 << 4 << 0 << 7;     *set2 << 3 << 5 << 8 << 13 << 8 << 5;     *set3 << 5 << 6 << 7 << 3 << 4 << 5;     *set4 << 9 << 7 << 5 << 3 << 1 << 2;     QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries();     series->append(set0);     series->append(set1);     series->append(set2);     series->append(set3);     series->append(set4);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->addSeries(series);     chart->setTitle("Simple barchart example");     chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);     QStringList categories;     categories << "Jan" << "Feb" << "Mar" << "Apr" << "May" << "Jun";     QBarCategoryAxis *axis = new QBarCategoryAxis();     axis->append(categories);     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->setAxisX(axis, series);     chart->legend()->setVisible(true);     chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show();

运行测试：

（6）绘制饼图

使用的类：QPieSeries

测试代码：

QPieSeries *series = new QPieSeries();     series->append("Jane", 1);     series->append("Joe", 2);     series->append("Andy", 3);     series->append("Barbara", 4);     series->append("Axel", 5);     QPieSlice *slice = series->slices().at(1);     slice->setExploded();     slice->setLabelVisible();     slice->setPen(QPen(Qt::darkGreen, 2));     slice->setBrush(Qt::green);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->addSeries(series);     chart->setTitle("Simple piechart example");     chart->legend()->hide();     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show();

运行测试：

完整的测试代码：

#include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" #include <QtCharts> #include <QPainter> #include <QPainterPath> #include <QtMath> #include <QImage> MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :     QMainWindow(parent),     ui(new Ui::MainWindow) {     ui->setupUi(this); #if 0     /*      * LineChart Example      */     //添加一个QLineSeries实例     QLineSeries *lineseries = new QLineSeries();     //添加数据（点），有两种方式     lineseries->append(0, 6);  //参数分别为横纵坐标     lineseries->append(2, 4);     lineseries->append(3, 8);     lineseries->append(7, 4);     *lineseries << QPointF(11, 1) << QPointF(13, 3) << QPointF(17, 6) << QPointF(18, 3) << QPointF(20, 2);     //添加一个QChart实例，为了展示数据     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->legend()->hide();  //隐藏图例     chart->addSeries(lineseries);     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->setTitle("Simple line chart example");     //添加一个QChartView图例     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);  //呈现方式     //显示     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show(); #endif #if 0     /*      * SplineChart Example     */     QSplineSeries *series = new QSplineSeries();     series->setName("spline");     series->append(0, 6);     series->append(2, 4);     series->append(3, 8);     series->append(7, 4);     series->append(10, 5);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->legend()->hide();     chart->addSeries(series);     chart->setTitle("Simple spline chart example");     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show(); #endif #if 0     /*     * AreaChart Example     */     QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries();     QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries();     *series0 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(3, 7) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(9, 7) << QPointF(12, 6)              << QPointF(16, 7) << QPointF(18, 5);     *series1 << QPointF(1, 3) << QPointF(3, 4) << QPointF(7, 3) << QPointF(8, 2) << QPointF(12, 3)              << QPointF(16, 4) << QPointF(18, 3);     QAreaSeries *series = new QAreaSeries(series0, series1);     series->setName("Batman");     QPen pen(0x059605);     pen.setWidth(3);     series->setPen(pen);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->addSeries(series);     chart->setTitle("Simple areachart example");     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->axisX()->setRange(0, 20);     chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show(); #endif #if 0     /*     * QScatterChart Example     */     QScatterSeries *series0 = new QScatterSeries();     series0->setName("scatter1");     series0->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeCircle);     series0->setMarkerSize(5.0);     QScatterSeries *series1 = new QScatterSeries();     series1->setName("scatter2");     series1->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);     series1->setMarkerSize(10.0);     QScatterSeries *series2 = new QScatterSeries();     series2->setName("scatter3");     series2->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);     series2->setMarkerSize(15.0);     series0->append(0, 6);     series0->append(2, 4);     series0->append(3, 8);     series0->append(7, 4);     series0->append(10, 5);     *series1 << QPointF(1, 1) << QPointF(3, 3) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(8, 3) << QPointF(10, 2);     *series2 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(4, 6) << QPointF(6, 3) << QPointF(9, 5);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->addSeries(series0);     chart->addSeries(series1);     chart->addSeries(series2);     chart->setTitle("Simple scatterchart example");     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->setDropShadowEnabled(false);     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show(); #endif #if 0     /*     * BarChart Example     */     QBarSet *set0 = new QBarSet("Jane");     QBarSet *set1 = new QBarSet("John");     QBarSet *set2 = new QBarSet("Axel");     QBarSet *set3 = new QBarSet("Mary");     QBarSet *set4 = new QBarSet("Samantha");     *set0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << 4 << 5 << 6;     *set1 << 5 << 0 << 0 << 4 << 0 << 7;     *set2 << 3 << 5 << 8 << 13 << 8 << 5;     *set3 << 5 << 6 << 7 << 3 << 4 << 5;     *set4 << 9 << 7 << 5 << 3 << 1 << 2;     QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries();     series->append(set0);     series->append(set1);     series->append(set2);     series->append(set3);     series->append(set4);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->addSeries(series);     chart->setTitle("Simple barchart example");     chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);     QStringList categories;     categories << "Jan" << "Feb" << "Mar" << "Apr" << "May" << "Jun";     QBarCategoryAxis *axis = new QBarCategoryAxis();     axis->append(categories);     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->setAxisX(axis, series);     chart->legend()->setVisible(true);     chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show(); #endif #if 0     /*     * Piechart Example     */     QPieSeries *series = new QPieSeries();     series->append("Jane", 1);     series->append("Joe", 2);     series->append("Andy", 3);     series->append("Barbara", 4);     series->append("Axel", 5);     QPieSlice *slice = series->slices().at(1);     slice->setExploded();     slice->setLabelVisible();     slice->setPen(QPen(Qt::darkGreen, 2));     slice->setBrush(Qt::green);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->addSeries(series);     chart->setTitle("Simple piechart example");     chart->legend()->hide();     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     this->setCentralWidget(chartView);     this->resize(400, 300);     this->show(); #endif } MainWindow::~MainWindow() {     delete ui; }

还有一些图形及主题等设置，后续待补充。

4 其它

（1）如何在QWidget中绘制QCharts

上面的代码中都是在QMainWindow中绘制的QCharts，但如果我们要在QWidget中绘制QCharts，那么如何实现呢？

方式一：

可选择的解决方法：在ui中拖一个水平布局，把chartView放到水平布局。

测试代码：

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :     QWidget(parent),     ui(new Ui::Widget) {     ui->setupUi(this);     /*     * BarChart Example     */     QBarSet *set0 = new QBarSet("Jane");     QBarSet *set1 = new QBarSet("John");     QBarSet *set2 = new QBarSet("Axel");     QBarSet *set3 = new QBarSet("Mary");     QBarSet *set4 = new QBarSet("Samantha");     *set0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << 4 << 5 << 6;     *set1 << 5 << 0 << 0 << 4 << 0 << 7;     *set2 << 3 << 5 << 8 << 13 << 8 << 5;     *set3 << 5 << 6 << 7 << 3 << 4 << 5;     *set4 << 9 << 7 << 5 << 3 << 1 << 2;     QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries();     series->append(set0);     series->append(set1);     series->append(set2);     series->append(set3);     series->append(set4);     QChart *chart = new QChart();     chart->addSeries(series);     chart->setTitle("Simple barchart example");     chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);     QStringList categories;     categories << "Jan" << "Feb" << "Mar" << "Apr" << "May" << "Jun";     QBarCategoryAxis *axis = new QBarCategoryAxis();     axis->append(categories);     chart->createDefaultAxes();     chart->setAxisX(axis, series);     chart->legend()->setVisible(true);     chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);     QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);     chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);     ui->horizontalLayout->addWidget(chartView); }

运行测试：

这种方式每次是在水平布局中添加一个QWidget，有时候不太好用。

方式二：

将QWidget提升为QChartView。

在代码中直接使用下面的代码就可以显示了：

ui->widget_factory->setChart(chart); ui->widget_factory->show();

（2）如何在柱状图中顶端带数字显示

只需要添加下面两句代码：

  series->setLabelsPosition(QAbstractBarSeries::LabelsInsideEnd); series->setLabelsVisible(true);

感谢各位的阅读！关于“Qt如何绘制图表”这篇文章就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，让大家可以学到更多知识，如果觉得文章不错，可以把它分享出去让更多的人看到吧！