利用python 编写一个围棋小游戏

#!/usr/bin/python3 # 使用Python内置GUI模块tkinter from tkinter import * # ttk覆盖tkinter部分对象，ttk对tkinter进行了优化 from tkinter.ttk import * # 深拷贝时需要用到copy模块 import copy import tkinter.messagebox # 围棋应用对象定义 class Application(Tk):	# 初始化棋盘,默认九路棋盘	def __init__(self,my_mode_num=9):	Tk.__init__(self)	# 模式，九路棋：9，十三路棋：13，十九路棋：19	self.mode_num=my_mode_num	# 窗口尺寸设置，默认：1.8	self.size=1.8	# 棋盘每格的边长	self.dd=360*self.size/(self.mode_num-1)	# 相对九路棋盘的矫正比例	self.p=1 if self.mode_num==9 else (2/3 if self.mode_num==13 else 4/9)	# 定义棋盘阵列,超过边界：-1，无子：0，黑棋：1，白棋：2	self.positions=[[0 for i in range(self.mode_num+2)] for i in range(self.mode_num+2)]	# 初始化棋盘，所有超过边界的值置-1	for m in range(self.mode_num+2):	for n in range(self.mode_num+2):	if (m*n==0 or m==self.mode_num+1 or n==self.mode_num+1):	self.positions[m][n]=-1	# 拷贝三份棋盘“快照”，悔棋和判断“打劫”时需要作参考	self.last_3_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)	self.last_2_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)	self.last_1_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)	# 记录鼠标经过的地方，用于显示shadow时	self.cross_last=None	# 当前轮到的玩家，黑：0，白：1，执黑先行	self.present=0	# 初始停止运行，点击“开始游戏”运行游戏	self.stop=True	# 悔棋次数，次数大于0才可悔棋，初始置0（初始不能悔棋），悔棋后置0，下棋或弃手时恢复为1，以禁止连续悔棋	self.regretchance=0	# 图片资源，存放在当前目录下的/Pictures/中	self.photoW=PhotoImage(file = "./Pictures/W.png")	self.photoB=PhotoImage(file = "./Pictures/B.png")	self.photoBD=PhotoImage(file = "./Pictures/"+"BD"+"-"+str(self.mode_num)+".png")	self.photoWD=PhotoImage(file = "./Pictures/"+"WD"+"-"+str(self.mode_num)+".png")	self.photoBU=PhotoImage(file = "./Pictures/"+"BU"+"-"+str(self.mode_num)+".png")	self.photoWU=PhotoImage(file = "./Pictures/"+"WU"+"-"+str(self.mode_num)+".png")	# 用于黑白棋子图片切换的列表	self.photoWBU_list=[self.photoBU,self.photoWU]	self.photoWBD_list=[self.photoBD,self.photoWD]	# 窗口大小	self.geometry(str(int(600*self.size))+'x'+str(int(400*self.size)))	# 画布控件，作为容器	self.canvas_bottom=Canvas(self,bg='#369',bd=0,width=600*self.size,height=400*self.size)	self.canvas_bottom.place(x=0,y=0)	# 几个功能按钮	self.startButton=Button(self,text='开始游戏',command=self.start)	self.startButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=200*self.size)	self.passmeButton=Button(self,text='弃一手',command=self.passme)	self.passmeButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=225*self.size)	self.regretButton=Button(self,text='悔棋',command=self.regret)	self.regretButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=250*self.size)	# 初始悔棋按钮禁用	self.regretButton['state']=DISABLED	self.replayButton=Button(self,text='重新开始',command=self.reload)	self.replayButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=275*self.size)	self.newGameButton1=Button(self,text=('十三' if self.mode_num==9 else '九')+'路棋',command=self.newGame1)	self.newGameButton1.place(x=480*self.size,y=300*self.size)	self.newGameButton2=Button(self,text=('十三' if self.mode_num==19 else '十九')+'路棋',command=self.newGame2)	self.newGameButton2.place(x=480*self.size,y=325*self.size)	self.quitButton=Button(self,text='退出游戏',command=self.quit)	self.quitButton.place(x=480*self.size,y=350*self.size)	# 画棋盘，填充颜色	self.canvas_bottom.create_rectangle(0*self.size,0*self.size,400*self.size,400*self.size,fill='#c51')	# 刻画棋盘线及九个点	# 先画外框粗线	self.canvas_bottom.create_rectangle(20*self.size,20*self.size,380*self.size,380*self.size,width=3)	# 棋盘上的九个定位点，以中点为模型，移动位置，以作出其余八个点	for m in [-1,0,1]:	for n in [-1,0,1]:	self.oringinal=self.canvas_bottom.create_oval(200*self.size-self.size*2,200*self.size-self.size*2,	200*self.size+self.size*2,200*self.size+self.size*2,fill='#000')	self.canvas_bottom.move(self.oringinal,m*self.dd*(2 if self.mode_num==9 else (3 if self.mode_num==13 else 6)),	n*self.dd*(2 if self.mode_num==9 else (3 if self.mode_num==13 else 6)))	# 画中间的线条	for i in range(1,self.mode_num-1):	self.canvas_bottom.create_line(20*self.size,20*self.size+i*self.dd,380*self.size,20*self.size+i*self.dd,width=2)	self.canvas_bottom.create_line(20*self.size+i*self.dd,20*self.size,20*self.size+i*self.dd,380*self.size,width=2)	# 放置右侧初始图片	self.pW=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(500*self.size+11, 65*self.size,image=self.photoW)	self.pB=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(500*self.size-11, 65*self.size,image=self.photoB)	# 每张图片都添加image标签，方便reload函数删除图片	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('image',self.pW)	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('image',self.pB)	# 鼠标移动时，调用shadow函数，显示随鼠标移动的棋子	self.canvas_bottom.bind('<Motion>',self.shadow)	# 鼠标左键单击时，调用getdown函数，放下棋子	self.canvas_bottom.bind('<Button-1>',self.getDown)	# 设置退出快捷键<Ctrl>+<D>，快速退出游戏	self.bind('<Control-KeyPress-d>',self.keyboardQuit)	# 开始游戏函数，点击“开始游戏”时调用	def start(self):	# 删除右侧太极图	self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.pW)	self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.pB)	# 利用右侧图案提示开始时谁先落子	if self.present==0:	self.create_pB()	self.del_pW()	else:	self.create_pW()	self.del_pB()	# 开始标志，解除stop	self.stop=None	# 放弃一手函数，跳过落子环节	def passme(self):	# 悔棋恢复	if not self.regretchance==1:	self.regretchance+=1	else:	self.regretButton['state']=NORMAL	# 拷贝棋盘状态，记录前三次棋局	self.last_3_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_2_positions)	self.last_2_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_1_positions)	self.last_1_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)	self.canvas_bottom.delete('image_added_sign')	# 轮到下一玩家	if self.present==0:	self.create_pW()	self.del_pB()	self.present=1	else:	self.create_pB()	self.del_pW()	self.present=0	# 悔棋函数，可悔棋一回合，下两回合不可悔棋	def regret(self):	# 判定是否可以悔棋，以前第三盘棋局复原棋盘	if self.regretchance==1:	self.regretchance=0	self.regretButton['state']=DISABLED	list_of_b=[]	list_of_w=[]	self.canvas_bottom.delete('image')	if self.present==0:	self.create_pB()	else:	self.create_pW()	for m in range(1,self.mode_num+1):	for n in range(1,self.mode_num+1):	self.positions[m][n]=0	for m in range(len(self.last_3_positions)):	for n in range(len(self.last_3_positions[m])):	if self.last_3_positions[m][n]==1:	list_of_b+=[[n,m]]	elif self.last_3_positions[m][n]==2:	list_of_w+=[[n,m]]	self.recover(list_of_b,0)	self.recover(list_of_w,1)	self.last_1_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_3_positions)	for m in range(1,self.mode_num+1):	for n in range(1,self.mode_num+1):	self.last_2_positions[m][n]=0	self.last_3_positions[m][n]=0	# 重新加载函数,删除图片，序列归零，设置一些初始参数，点击“重新开始”时调用	def reload(self):	if self.stop==1:	self.stop=0	self.canvas_bottom.delete('image')	self.regretchance=0	self.present=0	self.create_pB()	for m in range(1,self.mode_num+1):	for n in range(1,self.mode_num+1):	self.positions[m][n]=0	self.last_3_positions[m][n]=0	self.last_2_positions[m][n]=0	self.last_1_positions[m][n]=0	# 以下四个函数实现了右侧太极图的动态创建与删除	def create_pW(self):	self.pW=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(500*self.size+11, 65*self.size,image=self.photoW)	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('image',self.pW)	def create_pB(self):	self.pB=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(500*self.size-11, 65*self.size,image=self.photoB)	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('image',self.pB)	def del_pW(self):	self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.pW)	def del_pB(self):	self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.pB)	# 显示鼠标移动下棋子的移动	def shadow(self,event):	if not self.stop:	# 找到最近格点，在当前位置靠近的格点出显示棋子图片，并删除上一位置的棋子图片	if (20*self.size<event.x<380*self.size) and (20*self.size<event.y<380*self.size):	dx=(event.x-20*self.size)%self.dd	dy=(event.y-20*self.size)%self.dd	self.cross=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(event.x-dx+round(dx/self.dd)*self.dd+22*self.p, event.y-dy+round(dy/self.dd)*self.dd-27*self.p,image=self.photoWBU_list[self.present])	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('image',self.cross)	if self.cross_last!=None:	self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.cross_last)	self.cross_last=self.cross	# 落子，并驱动玩家的轮流下棋行为	def getDown(self,event):	if not self.stop:	# 先找到最近格点	if (20*self.size-self.dd*0.4<event.x<self.dd*0.4+380*self.size) and (20*self.size-self.dd*0.4<event.y<self.dd*0.4+380*self.size):	dx=(event.x-20*self.size)%self.dd	dy=(event.y-20*self.size)%self.dd	x=int((event.x-20*self.size-dx)/self.dd+round(dx/self.dd)+1)	y=int((event.y-20*self.size-dy)/self.dd+round(dy/self.dd)+1)	# 判断位置是否已经被占据	if self.positions[y][x]==0:	# 未被占据，则尝试占据，获得占据后能杀死的棋子列表	self.positions[y][x]=self.present+1	self.image_added=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(event.x-dx+round(dx/self.dd)*self.dd+4*self.p, event.y-dy+round(dy/self.dd)*self.dd-5*self.p,image=self.photoWBD_list[self.present])	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('image',self.image_added)	# 棋子与位置标签绑定，方便“杀死”	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('position'+str(x)+str(y),self.image_added)	deadlist=self.get_deadlist(x,y)	self.kill(deadlist)	# 判断是否重复棋局	if not self.last_2_positions==self.positions:	# 判断是否属于有气和杀死对方其中之一	if len(deadlist)>0 or self.if_dead([[x,y]],self.present+1,[x,y])==False:	# 当不重复棋局，且属于有气和杀死对方其中之一时，落下棋子有效	if not self.regretchance==1:	self.regretchance+=1	else:	self.regretButton['state']=NORMAL	self.last_3_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_2_positions)	self.last_2_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.last_1_positions)	self.last_1_positions=copy.deepcopy(self.positions)	# 删除上次的标记，重新创建标记	self.canvas_bottom.delete('image_added_sign')	self.image_added_sign=self.canvas_bottom.create_oval(event.x-dx+round(dx/self.dd)*self.dd+0.5*self.dd, event.y-dy+round(dy/self.dd)*self.dd+0.5*self.dd,event.x-dx+round(dx/self.dd)*self.dd-0.5*self.dd, event.y-dy+round(dy/self.dd)*self.dd-0.5*self.dd,width=3,outline='#3ae')	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('image',self.image_added_sign)	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('image_added_sign',self.image_added_sign)	if self.present==0:	self.create_pW()	self.del_pB()	self.present=1	else:	self.create_pB()	self.del_pW()	self.present=0	else:	# 不属于杀死对方或有气，则判断为无气，警告并弹出警告框	self.positions[y][x]=0	self.canvas_bottom.delete('position'+str(x)+str(y))	self.bell()	self.showwarningbox('无气',"你被包围了！")	else:	# 重复棋局，警告打劫	self.positions[y][x]=0	self.canvas_bottom.delete('position'+str(x)+str(y))	self.recover(deadlist,(1 if self.present==0 else 0))	self.bell()	self.showwarningbox("打劫","此路不通！")	else:	# 覆盖，声音警告	self.bell()	else:	# 超出边界，声音警告	self.bell()	# 判断棋子（种类为yourChessman，位置为yourPosition）是否无气（死亡），有气则返回False，无气则返回无气棋子的列表	# 本函数是游戏规则的关键，初始deadlist只包含了自己的位置，每次执行时，函数尝试寻找yourPosition周围有没有空的位置，有则结束，返回False代表有气；	# 若找不到，则找自己四周的同类（不在deadlist中的）是否有气，即调用本函数，无气，则把该同类加入到deadlist，然后找下一个邻居，只要有一个有气，返回False代表有气；	# 若四周没有一个有气的同类，返回deadlist,至此结束递归	# def if_dead(self,deadlist,yourChessman,yourPosition):	def if_dead(self,deadList,yourChessman,yourPosition):	for i in [-1,1]:	if [yourPosition[0]+i,yourPosition[1]] not in deadList:	if self.positions[yourPosition[1]][yourPosition[0]+i]==0:	return False	if [yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]+i] not in deadList:	if self.positions[yourPosition[1]+i][yourPosition[0]]==0:	return False	if ([yourPosition[0]+1,yourPosition[1]] not in deadList) and (self.positions[yourPosition[1]][yourPosition[0]+1]==yourChessman):	midvar=self.if_dead(deadList+[[yourPosition[0]+1,yourPosition[1]]],yourChessman,[yourPosition[0]+1,yourPosition[1]])	if not midvar:	return False	else:	deadList+=copy.deepcopy(midvar)	if ([yourPosition[0]-1,yourPosition[1]] not in deadList) and (self.positions[yourPosition[1]][yourPosition[0]-1]==yourChessman):	midvar=self.if_dead(deadList+[[yourPosition[0]-1,yourPosition[1]]],yourChessman,[yourPosition[0]-1,yourPosition[1]])	if not midvar:	return False	else:	deadList+=copy.deepcopy(midvar)	if ([yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]+1] not in deadList) and (self.positions[yourPosition[1]+1][yourPosition[0]]==yourChessman):	midvar=self.if_dead(deadList+[[yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]+1]],yourChessman,[yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]+1])	if not midvar:	return False	else:	deadList+=copy.deepcopy(midvar)	if ([yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]-1] not in deadList) and (self.positions[yourPosition[1]-1][yourPosition[0]]==yourChessman):	midvar=self.if_dead(deadList+[[yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]-1]],yourChessman,[yourPosition[0],yourPosition[1]-1])	if not midvar:	return False	else:	deadList+=copy.deepcopy(midvar)	return deadList	# 警告消息框，接受标题和警告信息	def showwarningbox(self,title,message):	self.canvas_bottom.delete(self.cross)	tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title,message)	# 落子后，依次判断四周是否有棋子被杀死，并返回死棋位置列表	def get_deadlist(self,x,y):	deadlist=[]	for i in [-1,1]:	if self.positions[y][x+i]==(2 if self.present==0 else 1) and ([x+i,y] not in deadlist):	killList=self.if_dead([[x+i,y]],(2 if self.present==0 else 1),[x+i,y])	if not killList==False:	deadlist+=copy.deepcopy(killList)	if self.positions[y+i][x]==(2 if self.present==0 else 1) and ([x,y+i] not in deadlist):	killList=self.if_dead([[x,y+i]],(2 if self.present==0 else 1),[x,y+i])	if not killList==False:	deadlist+=copy.deepcopy(killList)	return deadlist	# 恢复位置列表list_to_recover为b_or_w指定的棋子	def recover(self,list_to_recover,b_or_w):	if len(list_to_recover)>0:	for i in range(len(list_to_recover)):	self.positions[list_to_recover[i][1]][list_to_recover[i][0]]=b_or_w+1	self.image_added=self.canvas_bottom.create_image(20*self.size+(list_to_recover[i][0]-1)*self.dd+4*self.p, 20*self.size+(list_to_recover[i][1]-1)*self.dd-5*self.p,image=self.photoWBD_list[b_or_w])	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('image',self.image_added)	self.canvas_bottom.addtag_withtag('position'+str(list_to_recover[i][0])+str(list_to_recover[i][1]),self.image_added)	# 杀死位置列表killList中的棋子，即删除图片，位置值置0	def kill(self,killList):	if len(killList)>0:	for i in range(len(killList)):	self.positions[killList[i][1]][killList[i][0]]=0	self.canvas_bottom.delete('position'+str(killList[i][0])+str(killList[i][1]))	# 键盘快捷键退出游戏	def keyboardQuit(self,event):	self.quit()	# 以下两个函数修改全局变量值，newApp使主函数循环，以建立不同参数的对象	def newGame1(self):	global mode_num,newApp	mode_num=(13 if self.mode_num==9 else 9)	newApp=True	self.quit()	def newGame2(self):	global mode_num,newApp	mode_num=(13 if self.mode_num==19 else 19)	newApp=True	self.quit() # 声明全局变量，用于新建Application对象时切换成不同模式的游戏 global mode_num,newApp mode_num=9 newApp=False if __name__=='__main__':	# 循环，直到不切换游戏模式	while True:	newApp=False	app=Application(mode_num)	app.title('围棋')	app.mainloop()	if newApp:	app.destroy()	else:	break