Docker基础（1）——安装Docker

配置环境：CentOS-7.5

内存建议最少分配4g；

开启虚拟化：

阿里云开源站点下载docker-ce.repo

[root@www ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo [root@www ~]# mv docker-ce.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@www ~]# yum repolist 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  * epel: mirror.horizon.vn 源标识                            源名称                                                    状态 EPEL/7/x86_64                     CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com                                  9,911 base                              cdrom                                                      9,911 docker-ce-stable/x86_64           Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                     25 epel/x86_64                       Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64            12,703 extras/7/x86_64                   CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com                                  434 updates/7/x86_64                  CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com                               1,614 repolist: 34,598

查看一下其配置文件中的baseurl，是否为国内镜像资源站点，假如为外网，建议用末行模式修改过来，否则，不仅慢还需要科学上网；

[root@www ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo [docker-ce-stable] name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-stable-debuginfo] name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stable enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-stable-source] name=Docker CE Stable - Sources baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/stable enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-edge] name=Docker CE Edge - $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/edge enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-edge-debuginfo] name=Docker CE Edge - Debuginfo $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/edge enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-edge-source] name=Docker CE Edge - Sources baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/edge enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-test] name=Docker CE Test - $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/test enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-test-debuginfo] name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/test enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-test-source] name=Docker CE Test - Sources baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/test enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-nightly] name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/nightly enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo] name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/nightly enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg   [docker-ce-nightly-source] name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/nightly enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

然后我们直接用yum安装docker-ce即可；

[root@www ~]# yum install docker-ce 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  * epel: mirror.horizon.vn 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 docker-ce.x86_64.3.18.09.0-3.el7 将被 安装 --> 正在处理依赖关系 container-selinux >= 2.9，它被软件包 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 containerd.io，它被软件包 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 docker-ce-cli，它被软件包 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 container-selinux.noarch.2.2.68-1.el7 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 containerd.io.x86_64.0.1.2.0-3.el7 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 docker-ce-cli.x86_64.1.18.09.0-3.el7 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成   依赖关系解决   ==================================================================================================  Package                   架构           版本                     源                        大小 ================================================================================================== 正在安装:  docker-ce                 x86_64         3:18.09.0-3.el7          docker-ce-stable          19 M 为依赖而安装:  container-selinux         noarch         2:2.68-1.el7             extras                    36 k  containerd.io             x86_64         1.2.0-3.el7              docker-ce-stable          22 M  docker-ce-cli             x86_64         1:18.09.0-3.el7          docker-ce-stable          14 M   事务概要 ================================================================================================== 安装  1 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包)   总下载量：55 M 安装大小：235 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/4): container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch.rpm                             |  36 kB  00:00:03     warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装 (2/4): containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                |  22 MB  00:00:09     (3/4): docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                              |  14 MB  00:00:04     (4/4): docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                  |  19 MB  00:00:19     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 总计                                                              2.8 MB/s |  55 MB  00:00:19     从 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg 检索密钥 导入 GPG key 0x621E9F35:  用户ID     : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"  指纹       : 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35  来自       : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg 是否继续？[y/N]：y Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction   正在安装    : containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              1/4   正在安装    : 1:docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                          2/4   正在安装    : 2:container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch                                         3/4 setsebool:  SELinux is disabled.   正在安装    : 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              4/4   验证中      : 1:docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                          1/4   验证中      : 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              2/4   验证中      : containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              3/4   验证中      : 2:container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch                                         4/4   已安装:   docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7                                                                  作为依赖被安装:   container-selinux.noarch 2:2.68-1.el7             containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.2.0-3.el7              docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:18.09.0-3.el7               完毕！

建议对docker设置enable属性，并开启docker，并查看其版本；

[root@www ~]# systemctl enable docker Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service. [root@www ~]# systemctl start  docker [root@www ~]# docker version Client:  Version:           18.09.0  API version:       1.39  Go version:        go1.10.4  Git commit:        4d60db4  Built:             Wed Nov  7 00:48:22 2018  OS/Arch:           linux/amd64  Experimental:      false   Server: Docker Engine - Community  Engine:   Version:          18.09.0   API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)   Go version:       go1.10.4   Git commit:       4d60db4   Built:            Wed Nov  7 00:19:08 2018   OS/Arch:          linux/amd64   Experimental:     false

Docker是由独立的仓库的，其内容一般都docker hub上，所以我们需要在docker hub上申请一个账号，地址是https://hub.docker.com

注意：

1． 假如我们第一次申请，我们的浏览器也没有科学上网的插件，那么最后的sign up选项就是灰色无法点击的，因为我们没有办法收到邮件，所以我们需要在我们的浏览器上安装一个插件，以便我们可以科学上网，收到回执邮件；

2． 具体插件名称为：谷歌访问助手；

3． 教程链接：http://www.ggfwzs.com

1.申请完账号后，我们可以简单的做一个nginx小镜像进行测试：

2.在tag标签里选择1.14-apline版本；

3.本地安装nginx:1.14-apline版本（默认先查找本地镜像仓库，没有的话就去docker hub上查找，然后下载到本地，默认不会有动作，所以我们需要在开启一个Xshell借口来查看信息）；

[root@www ~]# docker run --name ngx nginx:1.14-alpine Unable to find image 'nginx:1.14-alpine' locally 1.14-alpine: Pulling from library/nginx 4fe2ade4980c: Pull complete c691664ebb08: Pull complete a6f6a50701b6: Pull complete 5980ba3b5a39: Pull complete Digest: sha256:75cf17cdf89cbd8da65c83050ebdab1026b98cf217442d6a1f2a8892f47967d7 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.14-alpine

4.开启另一个Xshell接口，查看运行信息；

[root@www ~]# docker container ls CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES 2fc0b111434b        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp              ngx [root@www ~]# [root@www ~]# docker image ls REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE nginx               1.14-alpine         77bae8d00654        5 days ago          17.7MB

5.通过inspect查看ngx镜像的IP地址（最后几行中有，172.17.0.2）；

[root@www ~]# docker inspect ngx [     {         "Id": "2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59",         "Created": "2018-11-12T12:23:37.39282113Z",         "Path": "nginx",         "Args": [             "-g",             "daemon off;"         ],         "State": {             "Status": "running",             "Running": true,             "Paused": false,             "Restarting": false,             "OOMKilled": false,             "Dead": false,             "Pid": 61533,             "ExitCode": 0,             "Error": "",             "StartedAt": "2018-11-12T12:23:45.219006468Z",             "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"         },         "Image": "sha256:77bae8d0065423e2338884d3698ef5ff9de8dec05a55dc81cf48ae9e78008b3f",         "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/resolv.conf",         "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/hostname",         "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/hosts",         "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59-json.log",         "Name": "/ngx",         "RestartCount": 0,         "Driver": "overlay2",         "Platform": "linux",         "MountLabel": "",         "ProcessLabel": "",         "AppArmorProfile": "",         "ExecIDs": null,         "HostConfig": {             "Binds": null,             "ContainerIDFile": "",             "LogConfig": {                 "Type": "json-file",                 "Config": {}             },             "NetworkMode": "default",             "PortBindings": {},             "RestartPolicy": {                 "Name": "no",                 "MaximumRetryCount": 0             },             "AutoRemove": false,             "VolumeDriver": "",             "VolumesFrom": null,             "CapAdd": null,             "CapDrop": null,             "Dns": [],             "DnsOptions": [],             "DnsSearch": [],             "ExtraHosts": null,             "GroupAdd": null,             "IpcMode": "shareable",             "Cgroup": "",             "Links": null,             "OomScoreAdj": 0,             "PidMode": "",             "Privileged": false,             "PublishAllPorts": false,             "ReadonlyRootfs": false,             "SecurityOpt": null,             "UTSMode": "",             "UsernsMode": "",             "ShmSize": 67108864,             "Runtime": "runc",             "ConsoleSize": [                 0,                 0             ],             "Isolation": "",             "CpuShares": 0,             "Memory": 0,             "NanoCpus": 0,             "CgroupParent": "",             "BlkioWeight": 0,             "BlkioWeightDevice": [],             "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,             "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,             "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,             "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,             "CpuPeriod": 0,             "CpuQuota": 0,             "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,             "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,             "CpusetCpus": "",             "CpusetMems": "",             "Devices": [],             "DeviceCgroupRules": null,             "DiskQuota": 0,             "KernelMemory": 0,             "MemoryReservation": 0,             "MemorySwap": 0,             "MemorySwappiness": null,             "OomKillDisable": false,             "PidsLimit": 0,             "Ulimits": null,             "CpuCount": 0,             "CpuPercent": 0,             "IOMaximumIOps": 0,             "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,             "MaskedPaths": [                 "/proc/acpi",                 "/proc/kcore",                 "/proc/keys",                 "/proc/latency_stats",                 "/proc/timer_list",                 "/proc/timer_stats",                 "/proc/sched_debug",                 "/proc/scsi",                 "/sys/firmware"             ],             "ReadonlyPaths": [                 "/proc/asound",                 "/proc/bus",                 "/proc/fs",                 "/proc/irq",                 "/proc/sys",                 "/proc/sysrq-trigger"             ]         },         "GraphDriver": {             "Data": {                 "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9fbe29a9d6e34b27b9151fbb798c9f26a22bf0d2a47938759d1197da5324eb5f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/569ebba8fa873429effbfd7075a08f61f2fadcf1e09c61fb9feacf7adee21710/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cd229da595a1b8a9fdd3c40b8c7cad2f9abc0835603abfe5e5226ad4f738e0bb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cd347e2a7d82ceeb12f18b279dda0fa0853f13ab3149aa0787f3f7c685ba622/diff",                 "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502/merged",                 "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502/diff",                 "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502/work"             },             "Name": "overlay2"         },         "Mounts": [],         "Config": {             "Hostname": "2fc0b111434b",             "Domainname": "",             "User": "",             "AttachStdin": false,             "AttachStdout": true,             "AttachStderr": true,             "ExposedPorts": {                 "80/tcp": {}             },             "Tty": false,             "OpenStdin": false,             "StdinOnce": false,             "Env": [                 "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",                 "NGINX_VERSION=1.14.1"             ],             "Cmd": [                 "nginx",                 "-g",                 "daemon off;"             ],             "ArgsEscaped": true,             "Image": "nginx:1.14-alpine",             "Volumes": null,             "WorkingDir": "",             "Entrypoint": null,             "OnBuild": null,             "Labels": {                 "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"             },             "StopSignal": "SIGTERM"         },         "NetworkSettings": {             "Bridge": "",             "SandboxID": "ac090b600a21020aa323ccd020688bb0ef7c46df744739d5345996294e663afd",             "HairpinMode": false,             "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",             "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,             "Ports": {                 "80/tcp": null             },             "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ac090b600a21",             "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,             "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,             "EndpointID": "207649bd5ec943874679a88995a60c07d48b176704106ccd0c95bf226227332d",             "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",             "GlobalIPv6Address": "",             "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,             "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",             "IPPrefixLen": 16,             "IPv6Gateway": "",             "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",             "Networks": {                 "bridge": {                     "IPAMConfig": null,                     "Links": null,                     "Aliases": null,                     "NetworkID": "6714eb554a2843bd0582a3e7d63b09b175c5351c100aab08b1a051bc8187cb5c",                     "EndpointID": "207649bd5ec943874679a88995a60c07d48b176704106ccd0c95bf226227332d",                     "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",                     "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",                     "IPPrefixLen": 16,                     "IPv6Gateway": "",                     "GlobalIPv6Address": "",                     "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,                     "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",                     "DriverOpts": null                 }             }         }     } ]

6.本地用curl测试ngx镜像的启动状态；

[root@www ~]# curl 172.17.0.2 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style>     body {         width: 35em;         margin: 0 auto;         font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;     } </style> </head> <body> <h2>Welcome to nginx!</h2> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p>   <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>   <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>