libreoffice服务中如何使用python操作word及excel文档

小编给大家分享一下libreoffice服务中如何使用python操作word及excel文档，相信大部分人都还不怎么了解，因此分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大有收获，下面让我们一起去了解一下吧！

1、开始、关闭libreoffice服务；

开始之前同步字体文件时间，是因为创建soffice服务时，服务会检查所需加载的文件的时间，如果其认为时间不符，则其可能会重新加载，耗时较长，因此需事先统一时间。

使用时如果需要多次调用，最后每次调用均开启后关闭，否则libreoffice会创建一个缓存文档并越用越大，处理时间会增加。

class OfficeProcess(object):   def __init__(self):     self.p = 0     subprocess.Popen('find /usr/share/fonts | xargs touch -m -t 201801010000.00', shell=True)   def start_office(self):     self.p = subprocess.Popen('soffice --pidfile=sof.pid --invisible --accept="socket,host=localhost,port=2002;urp;"', shell=True)     while True:       try:         local_context = uno.getComponentContext()         resolver = local_context.getServiceManager().createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.bridge.UnoUrlResolver', local_context)         resolver.resolve('uno:socket,host=localhost,port=2002;urp;StarOffice.ComponentContext')         return       except:         print(ts(), "wait for connecting soffice...")         time.sleep(1)         continue   def stop_office(self):     with open("sof.pid", "rb") as f:       try:         os.kill(int(f.read()), signal.SIGTERM)         self.p.wait()       except:         pass

2、init service manager

local_context = uno.getComponentContext()     service_manager = local_context.getServiceManager()     resolver = service_manager.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.bridge.UnoUrlResolver', local_context)     self.ctx = resolver.resolve('uno:socket,host=localhost,port=2002;urp;StarOffice.ComponentContext')     self.smgr = self.ctx.ServiceManager     self.desktop = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.frame.Desktop', self.ctx)

3、从二进制数据中读取doc文档

def ImportFromMemory(self, data):     istream = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.io.SequenceInputStream', self.ctx)     istream.initialize((uno.ByteSequence(data), ))     pv = PropertyValue()     pv.Name = 'InputStream'     pv.Value = istream     self.doc = {'doc': []}     try:       self.document = self.desktop.loadComponentFromURL('private:stream/swriter', '_blank', 0, (pv, ))       self.text = self.document.getText()     except:       self.text = None

4、读取doc文档中的数据

def ExportToJson(self):     try:       l = self.__ParseText(self.text, self.__Callback(self.doc['doc']))       self.doc['length'] = l     except:       self.doc = {'doc': [], 'length': 0}     return json.dumps(self.doc) @staticmethod   def __Callback(alist):     def Append(sth):       alist.append(sth)     return Append

def __ParseText(self, text, func):     l = 0     text_it = text.createEnumeration()     while text_it.hasMoreElements():       element = text_it.nextElement()       if element.supportsService('com.sun.star.text.Paragraph'):         l += self.__ParseParagraph(element, func)       elif element.supportsService('com.sun.star.text.TextTable'):         l += self.__ParseTable(element, func)       else:         pass     return l

def __ParseParagraph(self, paragraph, func):     p = {'paragraph': []}     l = 0     paragraph_it = paragraph.createEnumeration()     while paragraph_it.hasMoreElements():       portion = paragraph_it.nextElement()       if portion.TextPortionType == 'Text':         l += self.__ParsePortionText(portion, self.__Callback(p['paragraph']))       elif portion.TextPortionType == 'SoftPageBreak':         pass       elif portion.TextPortionType == 'TextField':         l += self.__ParsePortionText(portion, self.__Callback(p['paragraph']))       else:         l += self.__ParseTextContent(portion, self.__Callback(p['paragraph']))     if hasattr(paragraph, 'createContentEnumeration'):       l += self.__ParseTextContent(paragraph, self.__Callback(p['paragraph']))     p['length'] = l     func(p)     return l   def __ParseTextContent(self, textcontent, func):     l = 0     content_it = textcontent.createContentEnumeration('com.sun.star.text.TextContent')     while content_it.hasMoreElements():       element = content_it.nextElement()       if element.supportsService('com.sun.star.text.TextGraphicObject'):         l += self.__ParsePortionGraphic(element, func)       elif element.supportsService('com.sun.star.text.TextEmbeddedObject'):         pass       elif element.supportsService('com.sun.star.text.TextFrame'):         l += self.__ParseFrame(element, func)       elif element.supportsService('com.sun.star.drawing.GroupShape'):         l += self.__ParseGroup(element, func)       else:         pass     return l   def __ParseFrame(self, frame, func):     f = {'frame': []}     l = self.__ParseText(frame.getText(), self.__Callback(f['frame']))     f['length'] = l     func(f)     return l   def __ParseGroup(self, group, func):     l = 0     for i in range(group.getCount()):       it = group.getByIndex(i)       if it.supportsService('com.sun.star.drawing.Text'):         l += self.__ParseFrame(it, func)       else:         pass     return l   def __ParsePortionText(self, portion_text, func):     func({'portion': portion_text.String, 'length': len(portion_text.String)})     return len(portion_text.String)   def __ParsePortionGraphic(self, portion_graphic, func):     gp = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.graphic.GraphicProvider', self.ctx)     stream = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.io.TempFile', self.ctx)     pv1 = PropertyValue()     pv1.Name = 'OutputStream'     pv1.Value = stream     pv2 = PropertyValue()     pv2.Name = 'MimeType'     pv2.Value = 'image/png'     gp.storeGraphic(portion_graphic.Graphic, (pv1, pv2))     stream.getOutputStream().flush()     stream.seek(0)     l = stream.getInputStream().available()     b = uno.ByteSequence(b'')     stream.seek(0)     l, b = stream.getInputStream().readBytes(b, l)     img = {'image': base64.b64encode(b.value).decode('ascii')}     img['height'] = portion_graphic.Height     img['width'] = portion_graphic.Width     img['actualheight'] = portion_graphic.ActualSize.Height     img['actualwidth'] = portion_graphic.ActualSize.Width     img['croptop'] = portion_graphic.GraphicCrop.Top     img['cropbottom'] = portion_graphic.GraphicCrop.Bottom     img['cropleft'] = portion_graphic.GraphicCrop.Left     img['cropright'] = portion_graphic.GraphicCrop.Right     img['length'] = 0     func(img)     return 0   def __ParseTable(self, table, func):     l = 0     try:       matrix = self.__GetTableMatrix(table)       seps = self.__GetTableSeparators(table)       t = {}       count = 0       for ri in matrix.keys():         t[ri] = {}         for ci in matrix[ri].keys():           t[ri][ci] = dict(matrix[ri][ci])           del t[ri][ci]['cell']           t[ri][ci]['content'] = []           l += self.__ParseText(matrix[ri][ci]['cell'], self.__Callback(t[ri][ci]['content']))           count += t[ri][ci]['rowspan'] * t[ri][ci]['colspan']       if count != len(t) * len(seps):         raise ValueError('count of cells error')       func({'table': t, 'row': len(t), 'column': len(seps), 'length': l, 'tableid': self.table_id})       self.table_id += 1     except:       l = 0       print('discard wrong table')     return l   @staticmethod   def __GetTableSeparators(table):     result = [table.TableColumnRelativeSum]     for ri in range(table.getRows().getCount()):       result += [s.Position for s in table.getRows().getByIndex(ri).TableColumnSeparators]     result = sorted(set(result))     for i in range(len(result) - 1):       result[i] += 1 if result[i] + 1 == result[i + 1] else 0     return sorted(set(result))   @staticmethod   def __NameToRC(name):     r = int(re.sub('[A-Za-z]', '', name)) - 1     cstr = re.sub('[0-9]', '', name)     c = 0     for i in range(len(cstr)):       if cstr[i] >= 'A' and cstr[i] <= 'Z':         c = c * 52 + ord(cstr[i]) - ord('A')       else:         c = c * 52 + 26 + ord(cstr[i]) - ord('a')     return r, c   @staticmethod   def __GetTableMatrix(table):     result = {}     for name in table.getCellNames():       ri, ci = WordToJson.__NameToRC(name)       cell = table.getCellByName(name)       if ri not in result:         result[ri] = {}       result[ri][ci] = {'cell': cell, 'rowspan': cell.RowSpan, 'name': name}     seps = WordToJson.__GetTableSeparators(table)     for ri in result.keys():       sep = [s.Position for s in table.getRows().getByIndex(ri).TableColumnSeparators] + [table.TableColumnRelativeSum]       sep = sorted(set(sep))       for ci in result[ri].keys():         right = seps.index(sep[ci]) if sep[ci] in seps else seps.index(sep[ci] + 1)         left = -1 if ci == 0 else seps.index(sep[ci - 1]) if sep[ci - 1] in seps else seps.index(sep[ci - 1] + 1)         result[ri][ci]['colspan'] = right - left     return result

5、写doc文档

self.doco = self.desktop.loadComponentFromURL('private:factory/swriter', '_blank', 0, ())     self.texto = self.doco.getText()     self.cursoro = self.texto.createTextCursor()     self.cursoro.ParaBottomMargin = 500

def __WriteText(self, text, texto, cursoro):     for it in text:       if 'paragraph' in it:         self.__WriteParagraph(it, texto, cursoro)       elif 'image' in it:         self.__WritePortionGraphic(it, texto, cursoro)       elif 'table' in it:         self.__WriteTable(it, texto, cursoro)   def __WriteParagraph(self, paragraph, texto, cursoro):     if paragraph['length'] > 0:       if 'result' in paragraph:         for it in paragraph['result']:           texto.insertString(cursoro, it['trans_sen'], False)       else:         texto.insertString(cursoro, paragraph['paragraph'], False)       texto.insertControlCharacter(cursoro, ControlCharacter.PARAGRAPH_BREAK, False)   def __WritePortionGraphic(self, portion_graphic, texto, cursoro):     png_base64 = portion_graphic['image']     png = base64.b64decode(png_base64)     gp = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.graphic.GraphicProvider', self.ctx)     istream = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.io.SequenceInputStream', self.ctx)     istream.initialize((uno.ByteSequence(png), ))     pv = PropertyValue()     pv.Name = 'InputStream'     pv.Value = istream     actualsize = uno.createUnoStruct('com.sun.star.awt.Size')     actualsize.Height = portion_graphic['actualheight'] if 'actualheight' in portion_graphic else portion_graphic['height']     actualsize.Width = portion_graphic['actualwidth'] if 'actualwidth' in portion_graphic else portion_graphic['width']     graphiccrop = uno.createUnoStruct('com.sun.star.text.GraphicCrop')     graphiccrop.Top = portion_graphic['croptop'] if 'croptop' in portion_graphic else 0     graphiccrop.Bottom = portion_graphic['cropbottom'] if 'cropbottom' in portion_graphic else 0     graphiccrop.Left = portion_graphic['cropleft'] if 'cropleft' in portion_graphic else 0     graphiccrop.Right = portion_graphic['cropright'] if 'cropright' in portion_graphic else 0     image = self.doco.createInstance('com.sun.star.text.TextGraphicObject')     image.Surround = NONE     image.Graphic = gp.queryGraphic((pv, ))     image.Height = portion_graphic['height']     image.Width = portion_graphic['width']     image.setPropertyValue('ActualSize', actualsize)     image.setPropertyValue('GraphicCrop', graphiccrop)     texto.insertTextContent(cursoro, image, False)     texto.insertControlCharacter(cursoro, ControlCharacter.PARAGRAPH_BREAK, False)   def __WriteTable(self, table, texto, cursoro):     tableo = self.doco.createInstance('com.sun.star.text.TextTable')     tableo.initialize(table['row'], table['column'])     texto.insertTextContent(cursoro, tableo, False) #    texto.insertControlCharacter(cursoro, ControlCharacter.PARAGRAPH_BREAK, False)     tcursoro = tableo.createCursorByCellName("A1")     hitbug = False     if table['row'] > 1:       tcursoro.goDown(1, True)       hitbug = tcursoro.getRangeName() == 'A1'     for ri in sorted([int(r) for r in table['table'].keys()]):       rs = table['table'][str(ri)]       for ci in sorted([int(c) for c in rs.keys()]):         cell = rs[str(ci)]         if hitbug == False and (cell['rowspan'] > 1 or cell['colspan'] > 1):           tcursoro.gotoCellByName(cell['name'], False)           if cell['rowspan'] > 1:             tcursoro.goDown(cell['rowspan'] - 1, True)           if cell['colspan'] > 1:             tcursoro.goRight(cell['colspan'] - 1, True)           tcursoro.mergeRange()         ctexto = tableo.getCellByName(cell['name'])         if ctexto == None:           continue         ccursoro = ctexto.createTextCursor()         ccursoro.CharWeight = FontWeight.NORMAL         ccursoro.CharWeightAsian = FontWeight.NORMAL         ccursoro.ParaAdjust = LEFT         self.__WriteText(cell['content'], ctexto, ccursoro)

6、生成二进制的doc文档数据

streamo = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.io.Pipe', self.ctx)     self.doco.storeToURL('private:stream', (PropertyValue('FilterName', 0, 'MS Word 2007 XML', 0), PropertyValue('OutputStream', 0, streamo, 0)))     streamo.flush()     _, datao = streamo.readBytes(None, streamo.available())

7、从doc文档数据生成pdf的二进制数据

streamo = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.io.Pipe', self.ctx)     self.doco.storeToURL('private:stream', (PropertyValue('FilterName', 0, 'writer_pdf_Export', 0), PropertyValue('OutputStream', 0, streamo, 0)))     streamo.flush()     _, datap = streamo.readBytes(None, streamo.available())

8、读取excel二进制数据

　　def ImportFromMemory(self, data):     istream = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.io.SequenceInputStream', self.ctx)     istream.initialize((uno.ByteSequence(data), ))     pv = PropertyValue()     pv.Name = 'InputStream'     pv.Value = istream     self.doc = {'doc': []}     try:       print("before loadComponentFromURL")       self.document = self.desktop.loadComponentFromURL('private:stream/scalc', '_blank', 0, (pv, ))       self.sheets = self.document.getSheets()       print("ImportFromMemory done")     except:       print("ImportFromMemory failed")       self.sheets = None

9、读取excel的文本数据

  def ExportToJson(self):     try:       l = self.__ParseText(self.sheets, self.__Callback(self.doc['doc']))       self.doc['length'] = l     except:       self.doc = {'doc': [], 'length': 0}     return json.dumps(self.doc)

  def __ParseText(self, sheets, func):     l = 0     sheets_it = sheets.createEnumeration()     while sheets_it.hasMoreElements():       element = sheets_it.nextElement()       if element.supportsService('com.sun.star.sheet.Spreadsheet'):         l += self.__ParseSpreadsheet(element, func)     return l   def __ParseSpreadsheet(self, spreadsheet, func):     l = 0     p = {'spreadsheet': []}     visible_cells_it = spreadsheet.queryVisibleCells().getCells().createEnumeration()     while visible_cells_it.hasMoreElements():       cell = visible_cells_it.nextElement()       type = cell.getType()       if type == self.EMPTY:         print("cell.type==empty")       elif type == self.VALUE:         print("cell.type==VALUE", "value=", cell.getValue(), cell.getCellAddress ())       elif type == self.TEXT:         print("cell.type==TEXT","content=", cell.getString().encode("UTF-8"), cell.getCellAddress ())         l += self.__ParseCellText(spreadsheet, cell, self.__Callback(p['spreadsheet']))         print("__ParseCellText=", p)       elif type == self.FORMULA:         print("cell.type==FORMULA", "formula=", cell.getValue())     p['length'] = l     func(p)     return l   def __ParseCellText(self, sheet, cell, func):     try:       x = cell.getCellAddress().Column       y = cell.getCellAddress().Row       sheetname = sheet.getName()     except:       x = -1       y = -1       sheetname = None     func({'celltext': cell.getString(), 'x': x, 'y': y, 'sheetname': sheetname, 'length': len(cell.getString())})     return len(cell.getString())

　　　　　self.EMPTY = uno.Enum("com.sun.star.table.CellContentType", "EMPTY")     self.TEXT = uno.Enum("com.sun.star.table.CellContentType", "TEXT")     self.FORMULA = uno.Enum("com.sun.star.table.CellContentType", "FORMULA")     self.VALUE = uno.Enum("com.sun.star.table.CellContentType", "VALUE")

10、替换excel的文本信息

  def ImportFromJson(self, data):     doc = json.loads(data)     try:       self.__WriteText(doc['doc'])     except:       pass

def __WriteText(self, text):     print("__WriteText begin:", text)     sheet = None     for it in text:       if 'paragraph' in it and 'sheetname' in it:         if sheet == None or sheet.getName() != it['sheetname']:           try:             sheet = self.sheets.getByName(it['sheetname'])             print("getsheet:", it['sheetname'], "=", sheet.getName())           except:             sheet = None             continue         self.__WriteParagraph(it, sheet)   def __WriteParagraph(self, paragraph, sheet):     print("__WriteParagraph")     if paragraph['length'] > 0:       try:         x = paragraph['x']         y = paragraph['y']         print("getcell:", x, y)         cell = sheet.getCellByPosition(x, y)         print("getcell done")       except:         return       if 'result' in paragraph:         for it in paragraph['result']:           print("cell=", cell.getString())           cell.setString(it['trans_sen'])           print("cell,", cell.getString(), ",done")

11、生成excel文档二进制数据

　　　　 streamo = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.io.Pipe', self.ctx)     self.document.storeToURL('private:stream', (PropertyValue('FilterName', 0, 'Calc MS Excel 2007 XML', 0), PropertyValue('OutputStream', 0, streamo, 0)))     streamo.flush()     _, datao = streamo.readBytes(None, streamo.available())

12、生成excel的pdf文档

streamo = self.smgr.createInstanceWithContext('com.sun.star.io.Pipe', self.ctx)     self.document.storeToURL('private:stream', (PropertyValue('FilterName', 0, 'calc_pdf_Export', 0), PropertyValue('OutputStream', 0, streamo, 0)))     streamo.flush()     _, datap = streamo.readBytes(None, streamo.available())

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