在CentOS上实现C++并发编程,你可以使用多种方法。以下是一些常见的并发编程技术:
<thread>
头文件来创建和管理线程。#include <iostream> #include <thread> void helloFunction() { std::cout << "Hello from a thread!" << std::endl; } int main() { std::thread t(helloFunction); t.join(); // 等待线程完成 return 0; }
<mutex>
来保护共享资源,防止数据竞争。#include <iostream> #include <thread> #include <mutex> std::mutex mtx; // 创建一个互斥锁 void printMessage(const std::string& msg) { mtx.lock(); // 加锁 std::cout << msg << std::endl; mtx.unlock(); // 解锁 } int main() { std::thread t1(printMessage, "Hello from thread 1"); std::thread t2(printMessage, "Hello from thread 2"); t1.join(); t2.join(); return 0; }
<condition_variable>
来同步线程间的操作。#include <iostream> #include <thread> #include <mutex> #include <condition_variable> std::mutex mtx; std::condition_variable cv; bool ready = false; void printId(int id) { std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lck(mtx); cv.wait(lck, []{return ready;}); // 等待条件变量 std::cout << "Thread " << id << std::endl; } int main() { std::thread threads[10]; // spawn 10 threads: for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) threads[i] = std::thread(printId, i); std::cout << "10 threads ready to race..." << std::endl; { std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lck(mtx); ready = true; } cv.notify_all(); // 通知所有线程 for (auto &th : threads) th.join(); return 0; }
<atomic>
来实现无锁的并发数据结构。#include <iostream> #include <thread> #include <atomic> std::atomic<int> counter(0); void incrementCounter() { for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) { counter++; } } int main() { std::thread t1(incrementCounter); std::thread t2(incrementCounter); t1.join(); t2.join(); std::cout << "Counter value: " << counter << std::endl; return 0; }
<future>
和<async>
来执行异步任务。#include <iostream> #include <future> int asyncFunction() { std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1)); return 42; } int main() { std::future<int> result = std::async(std::launch::async, asyncFunction); // 可以在这里做其他事情 std::cout << "Waiting for the result..." << std::endl; // 获取异步任务的结果 int value = result.get(); std::cout << "Result: " << value << std::endl; return 0; }
在CentOS上编译C++并发程序时,确保使用支持C++11或更高标准的编译器选项,例如使用g++
时添加-std=c++11
或-std=c++17
。
g++ -std=c++11 -pthread your_program.cpp -o your_program
-pthread
选项用于启用POSIX线程支持,这对于多线程编程是必要的。如果你使用的是C++11以上的其他并发特性,如<future>
和<async>
,则不需要-pthread
选项,但仍然需要-std=c++11
或更高版本的标准选项。