在Ubuntu中实现MySQL的高可用性,可以采用多种策略和技术。以下是一些常见的方法:
MySQL复制是实现高可用性的基础。通过复制,一个MySQL服务器(主服务器)的数据可以复制到一个或多个MySQL服务器(从服务器)。
设置主服务器:
/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
文件,添加以下配置:[mysqld] server-id = 1 log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log binlog_do_db = your_database_name
sudo systemctl restart mysql
CREATE USER 'replicator'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replicator'@'%'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SHOW MASTER STATUS;
设置从服务器:
/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
文件,添加以下配置:[mysqld] server-id = 2 relay_log = /var/log/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.log log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log replicate_do_db = your_database_name
sudo systemctl restart mysql
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='master_ip', MASTER_USER='replicator', MASTER_PASSWORD='password', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=107; START SLAVE;
MySQL Group Replication是MySQL 5.7及以上版本提供的一种高可用性解决方案,它支持多主模式和单主模式。
sudo apt-get install mysql-group-replication-plugin
/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
文件:[mysqld] server-id = 1 gtid_mode = ON enforce_gtid_consistency = ON master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_info_repository = TABLE transaction_write_set_extraction = XXHASH64 loose-group_replication_group_name = "aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeeeee" loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = OFF loose-group_replication_ssl_mode = REQUIRED loose-group_replication_recovery_use_ssl = 1 loose-group_replication_local_address = "192.168.1.1:33061" loose-group_replication_group_seeds = "192.168.1.1:33061,192.168.1.2:33061" loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = OFF
sudo systemctl restart mysql
SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON; START GROUP_REPLICATION; SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;
Keepalived和LVS(Linux Virtual Server)可以用来实现MySQL的负载均衡和高可用性。
sudo apt-get install keepalived
sudo nano /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1234 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.1.100 } }
sudo systemctl start keepalived
MariaDB Galera Cluster是MariaDB提供的一种高可用性解决方案,支持多主模式。
sudo apt-get install mariadb-galera-cluster
/etc/mysql/conf.d/galera.cnf
文件:[mysqld] wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.1.1,192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3 wsrep_cluster_name=galera_cluster wsrep_node_address=192.168.1.1 wsrep_node_name=node1 wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
sudo systemctl start mariadb
通过以上方法,可以在Ubuntu中实现MySQL的高可用性。选择哪种方法取决于具体的需求和环境。