在Linux下，Golang可以使用多种消息队列技术。这里我们将介绍两种常用的消息队列：RabbitMQ和Kafka。
RabbitMQ是一个基于AMQP协议的开源消息代理。要在Golang中使用RabbitMQ，你需要安装一个名为streadway/amqp的库。你可以使用以下命令安装：
go get github.com/streadway/amqp 以下是一个简单的示例，展示了如何在Golang中使用RabbitMQ发送和接收消息：
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "github.com/streadway/amqp" ) func failOnError(err error, msg string) { if err != nil { log.Fatalf("%s: %s", msg, err) } } func main() { conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/") failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ") defer conn.Close() ch, err := conn.Channel() failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel") defer ch.Close() q, err := ch.QueueDeclare( "hello", // name false, // durable false, // delete when unused false, // exclusive false, // no-wait nil, // arguments ) failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue") body := "Hello World!" err = ch.Publish( "", // exchange q.Name, // routing key false, // mandatory false, // immediate amqp.Publishing{ ContentType: "text/plain", Body: []byte(body), }) failOnError(err, "Failed to publish a message") fmt.Println(" [x] Sent", body) msgs, err := ch.Consume( q.Name, // queue "", // consumer true, // auto-ack false, // exclusive false, // no-local false, // no-wait nil, // args ) failOnError(err, "Failed to register a consumer") forever := make(chan bool) go func() { for d := range msgs { fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", d.Body) } }() fmt.Println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C") <-forever } Kafka是一个分布式流处理平台，通常用于构建实时数据管道和流应用程序。要在Golang中使用Kafka，你需要安装一个名为confluentinc/confluent-kafka-go的库。你可以使用以下命令安装：
go get github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-go/kafka 以下是一个简单的示例，展示了如何在Golang中使用Kafka发送和接收消息：
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-go/kafka" ) func main() { broker := "localhost:9092" topic := "test" // Producer configuration p, err := kafka.NewProducer(&kafka.ConfigMap{"bootstrap.servers": broker}) failOnError(err, "Failed to create producer") // Consumer configuration c, err := kafka.NewConsumer(&kafka.ConfigMap{ "bootstrap.servers": broker, "group.id": "test-group", "auto.offset.reset": "earliest", }) failOnError(err, "Failed to create consumer") // Subscribe to the topic err = c.SubscribeTopics([]string{topic}, nil) failOnError(err, "Failed to subscribe to topic") // Produce a message err = p.Produce(&kafka.Message{ TopicPartition: kafka.TopicPartition{Topic: &topic, Partition: kafka.PartitionAny}, Value: []byte("Hello, Kafka!"), }, nil) failOnError(err, "Failed to produce message") // Wait for messages n := 0 for n < 1 { msg, err := c.ReadMessage(-1) failOnError(err, "Failed to read message") fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(msg.Value)) n++ } // Close producer and consumer p.Close() c.Close() } func failOnError(err error, msg string) { if err != nil { panic(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", msg, err)) } } 这些示例仅用于演示如何在Golang中使用RabbitMQ和Kafka。在实际应用中，你可能需要根据你的需求对这些示例进行修改。
