在Linux中进行C++并发编程,通常有以下几种方法:
POSIX Threads是Linux上实现线程的标准库。
示例代码:
#include <pthread.h> #include <iostream> void* thread_function(void* arg) { std::cout << "Thread is running" << std::endl; return nullptr; } int main() { pthread_t thread; int result = pthread_create(&thread, nullptr, thread_function, nullptr); if (result != 0) { std::cerr << "Failed to create thread" << std::endl; return 1; } pthread_join(thread, nullptr); return 0; }
编译:
g++ -pthread your_program.cpp -o your_program
C++11引入了标准库线程支持,提供了更高级和更方便的接口。
示例代码:
#include <thread> #include <iostream> void thread_function() { std::cout << "Thread is running" << std::endl; } int main() { std::thread t(thread_function); t.join(); return 0; }
编译:
g++ -std=c++11 your_program.cpp -o your_program
std::future
和std::promise
用于线程间的同步和数据传递。
示例代码:
#include <thread> #include <future> #include <iostream> void thread_function(std::promise<int> prom) { std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1)); prom.set_value(42); } int main() { std::promise<int> prom; std::future<int> fut = prom.get_future(); std::thread t(thread_function, std::move(prom)); std::cout << "Waiting for thread to finish..." << std::endl; int result = fut.get(); std::cout << "Thread returned: " << result << std::endl; t.join(); return 0; }
编译:
g++ -std=c++11 your_program.cpp -o your_program
std::async
提供了一种更高级的方式来启动异步任务,它会自动管理线程的创建和销毁。
示例代码:
#include <future> #include <iostream> int async_function() { std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1)); return 42; } int main() { std::future<int> fut = std::async(std::launch::async, async_function); std::cout << "Waiting for async function to finish..." << std::endl; int result = fut.get(); std::cout << "Async function returned: " << result << std::endl; return 0; }
编译:
g++ -std=c++11 your_program.cpp -o your_program
C++20引入了协程,提供了一种更高级的并发编程模型。
示例代码:
#include <coroutine> #include <iostream> struct Task { struct promise_type { Task get_return_object() { return {}; } std::suspend_never initial_suspend() { return {}; } std::suspend_never final_suspend() noexcept { return {}; } void return_void() {} void unhandled_exception() {} }; }; Task async_function() { std::cout << "Async function started" << std::endl; co_await std::suspend_never{}; std::cout << "Async function resumed" << std::endl; } int main() { async_function(); return 0; }
编译:
g++ -std=c++20 your_program.cpp -o your_program
选择哪种方法取决于你的具体需求和项目的复杂性。