Python - Which is faster to initialize lists?

Python is a very flexible language where a single task can be performed in a number of ways, for example initializing lists can be performed in many ways. However, there are subtle differences in these seemingly similar methods. Python which is popular for its simplicity and readability is equally infamous for being slow compared to C++ or Java. The ‘for’ loop is especially known to be slow whereas methods like map() and filter() known to be faster because they are written in C.

Example

 Live Demo

# import time module to calculate times import time # initialise lists to save the times forLoopTime = [] whileLoopTime = [] listComprehensionTime = [] starOperatorTime = [] # repeat the process for 500 times # and calculate average of times taken. for k in range(500):    # start time    start = time.time()    # declare empty list    a = []    # run a for loop for 10000 times    for i in range(10000):       a.append(0)    # stop time    stop = time.time()    forLoopTime.append(stop-start)    # start time    start = time.time()    # declare an empty list    a = []    i = 0    # run a for loop 10000 times    while(i<10000):       a.append(0)       i+= 1    stop = time.time()    whileLoopTime.append(stop-start)    start = time.time()    # list comprehension to initialize list    a = [0 for i in range(10000)]    stop = time.time()    listComprehensionTime.append(stop-start)    start = time.time()    # using the * operator    a = [0]*10000    stop = time.time()    starOperatorTime.append(stop-start) print("Average time taken by for loop: " + str(sum(forLoopTime)/100)) print("Average time taken by while loop: " + str(sum(whileLoopTime)/100)) print("Average time taken by list comprehensions: " + str(sum(listComprehensionTime)/100)) print("Average time taken by * operator: " + str(sum(starOperatorTime)/100))    

Output

Average time taken by for loop: 0.00623725175858 Average time taken by while loop: 0.00887670278549 Average time taken by list comprehensions: 0.00318484544754 Average time taken by * operator: 0.000371544361115