Difference between Error and Exception in Java

The general meaning of exception is a deliberate act of omission, while the meaning of error is an action that is inaccurate or incorrect. In Java, Exception and Error are both subclasses of the Java Throwable class that belongs to java.lang package. But there exist some significant differences between them. So, in this section, we are going to discuss the key differences between error and exception.

Before moving ahead in this section, let's have a look at the hierarchy of the Java Throwable class.

Exception

The term exception is shorthand for the phrase exception event. It is an event that occurs during the execution of the program and interrupts the normal flow of program instructions. These are the errors that occur at compile time and run time. It occurs in the code written by the developers. It can be recovered by using the try-catch block and the throws keyword.

There are two types of exceptions, i.e. checked and unchecked.

Some important points should be kept in mind while dealing with the exception:

• When an error is detected, an exception is thrown.
• Any exception that is thrown must be caught by the exception handler.
• If the programmer has forgotten to provide an exception handler, the exception will be caught by the catch-all exception handler provided by the system.
• An exception may be rethrown if the exception handler fails to handle it.

Advantages of Exceptions

• It separates error handling code from regular code.
• It can propagate error reporting up the call stack of methods.
• The grouping or categorizing of exceptions is a natural outcome of the class hierarchy.

Let's understand the exception through a Java program.

Example of Exception

Let's run the above program and enter a float value deliberately to generate an exception.

It shows the InputMismatchException. Because the program accepts an integer value, we observe that the next statement is skipped and the program is terminated.

Error

Errors are problems that mainly occur due to the lack of system resources. It cannot be caught or handled. It indicates a serious problem. It occurs at run time. These are always unchecked. An example of errors is OutOfMemoryError, LinkageError, AssertionError, etc. are subclasses of the Error class.

Let's understand the error through a Java program.

Example of Error

Output:

When we execute the above program, we get the StackOverflowError, which is not an exception.

Let's discuss the key differences between error and exception.

Difference Between Error and Exception

In Java, Error and Exception are both subclasses of the Java Throwable class that belongs to java.lang package.