Overview_Linux ppt

( TUX the penguin, mascot of Linux. ) LINUX PROJECT By LPG

CONTENTS History of the linux Definition & Description What is Linux ? About Linux Versions of Linux Features Application Goals Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion References

In 80’s, Microsoft’s DOS was mostly used OS for PC UNIX was much better, but much more expensive. Only for minicomputer for commercial applications Apple MAC OS was better, but was also expensive People were looking for an Operating system, which is cheaper and can easily run on PC All DOS, MAC and UNIX were proprietary, i.e., the source code of their kernel was protected No modification was possible without paying high License fees.

Linux is a fast, stable open source, Unix like OS that was designed to provide PC users a free or very low- cost OS comparable to traditional and expensive Unix systems.

About Linux Linux itself is a core of O.S. that is the kernel. The kernel is nontrivial program. Linus Torvalds is the principal Author of the Linux Kernel. Kernel is responsible for execution of programs, memory management, accessing disks, and managing network connection. On 17th September 1991 the O.S. named FreaX 0.01 was finished. After six months nameFreax was replaced by LinuX . Linux is developed in assembly language and C programming

Linux was originally developed as Open Source operating system for Intel x86-based PCs In the heterogeneous network Linux co-operates by the native support of network protocols with Macintosh, Novell and Windows At the beginning of 2001 at least 10 million Linux user world-wide. Over 3,200 developers from 200 companies have contributed to the kernel The Revolution of Open source O.S. started.

Whats Open Source Open source means the code or the program will be available freely :- The underlying source code can be used, modified, and distributed commercially or non-commercially under GNU’s GPL. GNU is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”, was established by Richard Stallman in 1984. In 1985, Stallman started FSF and wrote the GNU GPL in 1989. It provide Sell support for the software, without any limitations. Aim is betterment of software development.

Linux vs Windows Manufacturer Linux kernel is developed by the community. Linus Torvalds oversees things Microsoft created the Windows operating system, distributers distribute their own computers with Windows pre-installed. SECURITY Linux has about 60-100 viruses listed till date.Not actively spreading. Eg. Owl, Master, Devil-Linux, Smoothwall, etc. There have been more than 60,000 viruses in Windows. Anti Virus cost about $20 to $400 Cost Linux can be freely distributed, downloaded. For desktop or home use, Windows can be expensive.

All directories are attached to root directory, e.g. /dev,/bin,/boot,etc You should know what volume (C:, D:,...) a file resides on to select it. File system support Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, Jfs, ReiserFS, Xfs, Btrfs, FAT, FAT32, NTFS FileAllocTable, FAT32, NewTechFileSys, exFAT Supported platforms All PowerPC: vers 1.0 - NT 4.0; DEC Alpha: vers 1.0 - NT 4.0; MIPS R4000: vers 1.0 - NT 4.0; IA-32: vers 1.0 - 8; IA-64: vers XP; x86-64: vers XP - 8; ARM: vers RT; Usage Linux can be installed on computer hardware, ranging From mobile phones, tablet and video game consoles etc. On PC's desktops, laptops, servers and some phones. File System

Available language(s) Multilingual Multilingual Processors Dozens of different kinds. Limited but most (80%) License GNU/Free Proprietary Preceded by Basic Terminal (CLI) MS-DOS Source model Open Source Closed / Shared source Update method Many Windows Update Examples Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat, Debian, Android Windows 8, 8.1, 7, Viata, XP Default user interface Gnome or KDE (Depends on distro) Graphical (Windows Aero) Company / developer Linus Torvalds Microsoft

Distribution A Distributor is usually a developer team that takes advance from the Linux system core (Kernel) to offer a installation-able software package. A particular assortment of applications installed on top of a set of libraries married with a version of the kernel. Some Linux distributions are intended for desktop computers, some for servers without a graphical interface, and others for special uses, such as home theater PCs. Linux distributions can be broadly categorized into two groups.

The commercial distros generally offers support for their distribution – at cost. They also tends to have longer releases of cycle. E.g. Red Hat ,SuSE, etc. The non commercial distros are free. The non commercial distros try to adhere to original spirit of open source software. http://www.linux.org/dist/list.html http://fedora.redhat.com/ These are the links where you can find some distributions. Over three hundred distributions are in active development, constantly being revised and improved. http://www.linuxbasis.com/distributions.html

Features A modern, very stable, multi-user, virus protected, safe, multitasking environment. Advanced graphical user interface. Linux uses a standard, network-transparent X- windowing system with a "window manager“. The graphical desktop under Linux can be made to look as MS Windows. It provide friendly support for networking purposes. It has variety of tools and many more can be added

Now Linux has been used with more computer hardware platforms than any other OS. As of June 2013, more than 95% of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers run some variant of Linux, including all the 44 fastest. Linux also runs on Embedded system consoles. It is a leading OS on servers , mainframe computers and supercomputers. The Android system in wide use on mobile devices is built on the Linux kernel. Uses

The well known Android for your smart phones is developed by using linux kernel. Linux providing database and trading services for companies like Amazon, the well-known online bookshop, US Post Office, the German army and many others. Uses

Advantages Linux is easy to install! Errors in the code itself are far more likely to be caught and quickly fixed under the watchful eyes of peers. Kernel of the Linux can be customized to user’s needs. Under Linux user can run any program allowed by the system administrator on server without having to redesign that program. Under the GPL system programmers can release code without the fear of being used Linux is less vulnerable to computer malware! Because most computer malware are designed to attack Windows (often through Active X which is not typically found in Linux) the odds are considerably less for Linux to be infected with a virus than Windows The same holds true with spyware, trojans, and worms. While Linux malware does exist, they are relatively few in number and none have become widespread so far

Conclusion In the end, it's the participation that matters. Any open source software project is no more than the sum of what its contributors put into it. Run the program for any purpose you want to, rather than be restricted in what you can use it for. View the program's source code. Improve the program and release those improvements so that others can use them. Linux kernel has progressed as quickly and well as it has because of large group of developers, working to make it better.

The kernel is a premier example of what can be done when thousands of people work together toward a common goal. But, most other participants in the Linux ecosystem can benefit through contributing to the kernel. Getting code into the mainline is the key to higher code quality, lower maintenance and distribution costs, an influence of kernel development. It is situation where everybody involved wins. Fire up your editor and we can join them; we all are always welcome .

References Linux From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux NJIT linux presentation, Author Jolanta Soltis Linux orgnisation www.linux.org , www.linux.com , Linux community presentation. Download Source Code from: http://www.kernel.org Books: Unix User Guide – Rebecca Thomas Your UNIX: The Ultimate Guide-Sumitabha Da

Hopefully it has provided a helpful understanding of how the Linux kernel is developed and how you can participate in that process. Thank You

Overview_Linux ppt

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