WebGL is a JavaScript API for rendering interactive 3D graphics within any compatible web browser without the use of plug-ins. It uses OpenGL ES to render animated 3D computer graphics and allows developers to create complex 3D games and visualizations that run in any compatible web browser. The document discusses various WebGL libraries and frameworks that simplify the process of programming 3D graphics in a web browser using WebGL including BabylonJS, Three.js, and Turbulenz.