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Fundamentals of Computer.pptx Computer BSC
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- 2. DATA is acollection of independent and unorganized facts. INFORMATION is the processed and organized data presented in a meaningful form. DATA PROCESSING is the course of doing things in a sequence of steps. Information Processing System
- 3. COMPUTER is anelectronic machine that follows a set of instructions in order that it may be able to accept and gather data and transform these into information. Information Processing System
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- 5. It acceptsand gather data. (INPUT) It processes data to become information. (PROCESSING) It stores data and information. (STORE) It presents information. (OUTPUT) Functions of Information Processing System
- 6. HARDWARE isthe tangible part of a computer system. SOFTWARE is the non-tangible part that tells the computer how to do its job. PEOPLEWARE refer to people who use and operate the computer system, write computer programs, and analyze and design the information system. Three Major Components of an Information Processing System
- 7. HARDWARE isthe tangible part of a computer system. Basic PC Hardware
- 8. MAINFRAME arelarge general purpose computers. MINICOMPUTER perform multi-tasking and allow many terminals to be connected to their services. MICROCOMPUTER (Personal Computer) is most widely used especially at home because of its affordable price and manageability. Types of Computers
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- 10. BIT is aunit of information equivalent to the result of a choice between only 2 possible alternatives in the binary number system. BYTE is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit for information. Basic Units of Measurement
- 11. A bytecan be used to represent a single character, which can be: ◦ A letter ◦ A number ◦ A special character or symbol, or ◦ A space Basic Units of Measurement
- 13. 1,024 BYTES =1Kilobyte (KB) 1,024 KB = 1 Megabyte (MB) 1,024 MB = 1 Gigabyte (GB) 1,024 GB = 1 Terabyte (TB) Basic Units of Measurement
- 14. Central ProcessingUnit (CPU) Memory Unit Input Devices Output Devices Secondary Storage Devices Basic PC Hardware
- 15. Brain ofthe computer. It directs and controls the entire computer system and performs all arithmetic and logical operations. 1. Central Processing Unit BACK
- 16. Where the programsand data are stored . READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) contains the pre-programmed computer instructions such as the Basic Input Output System (BIOS). RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) is used to store the programs and data that you will run. Exists only when there is power. 2. Memory Unit BACK
- 17. In computing, aninput device is a peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an Information Processing System such as a computer Keyboard Mouse Joystick Microphone Webcam Scanner Touch Screen LCD/LED Monitor Image Capturing Devices 3. Input Devices
- 18. Traditional keyboards Flexible keyboards Ergonomic keyboards Wireless keyboards PDA keyboards Keyboard
- 19. Mechanical: a typeof computer mouse that has a rubber or metal ball on its underside and it can roll in every direction. Optical: This type uses a laser for detecting the mouse's movement. Two Types of Mouse
- 20. PS/2 Mouse Serial Mouse USB/Cordless Mouse How a Mouse Hooks Up to a PC
- 21. Trackball Trackpoint Touch pad Touch Screen Other Pointing Devices
- 22. Joystick –input device for computer games Light Pens – light-sensitive penlike device Stylus – penlike device commonly used with tablet PCs and PDAs.
- 23. Optical scanners Card readers Bar code readers Character and mark recognition devices Scanning Devices
- 24. Digital Cameras Digital Video Cameras Image Capturing Devices BACK
- 25. Media usedby the computer in displaying its responses to our requests and instructions. Monitor Audio Speakers Printer 4. Output Devices
- 26. Cathode RayTube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Light Emitting Diode (LED) Types of Monitor
- 27. IMPACT PRINTERSuses pressure by physically striking the paper. Ex. Daisy wheel printers, line printers, dot matrix printers & band printers. NON-IMPACT PRINTER does not apply pressure on the paper but instead produces character by using lasers, ink spray, photography or heat. Printers
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- 29. Attached tothe computer system to allow you to store programs and data permanently for the purpose of retrieving them for future use. Hard disk, CD Rom 5. Secondary Storage Devices
- 30. Made ofrigid materials unlike floppy disks Holds a greater amount of data ◦ 10MB in 1980s ◦ 600MB in mid 1990s ◦ 4.3GB in 1999 ◦ 180GB in 2001 ◦ 400GB in 2004 ◦ 15TB in 2018 Hard Disk Drive or Hard Disk
- 31. A standardpart of modern desktop machines, especially used for multimedia purposes and preferred in loading applications. Optical Discs
- 32. Compact Disk-CD(0.7-0.9)GB Digital Versatile Disk-DVD (4.7-17)GB Blu Ray Disk-BD (25-128)GB Optical Discs
- 33. CD-ROM readCDs CD-Writer read/write CDs DVD-Combo read/write CDs, read DVD DVD Writerread/write CDs, read/write DVDs Optical Discs
- 34. Solid-State Storage ◦No moving parts ◦ Flash memory cards ◦ USB flash drives Other Secondary Storage
- 35. Assembling a SystemUnit Casing or Cover Power Supply Motherboard Processor Memory Video Card Sound card Floppy disk drive Hard disk drive CD-ROM drive WIFI Card Ethernet/LAN Card
- 36. The boxor outer shell that houses most of the computer, it is usually one of the most overlooked parts of the PC. Protects the computer circuits, cooling and system organization. Casing or Cover
- 37. Responsible forpowering every device in your computer. Parts of a Power supply: ◦ Disk drive connectors ◦ Motherboard connector ◦ Power supply fan ◦ Power switch ◦ Input voltage selector ◦ Cover ◦ Power plugs receptacle Power Supply
- 38. The physicalarrangement in a computer that contains the computer’s basic circuitry and components. Components are: ◦ Microprocessor ◦ (Optional) Coprocessors ◦ Memory ◦ Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) ◦ Expansion Slot ◦ Interconnecting circuitry Motherboard
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- 40. Graphic Cards Sound Cards Modem Cards Network Interface Cards/Network Adapter Expansion Slots
- 41. Serial ports– mouse, keyboard, modem Parallel ports – printers Universal serial bus (USB) – replacing serial and parallel Firewire ports – faster than USB Ports
- 43. Instructions thattell the computer how to process data into the form you want. Software and programs are interchangeable. Two major types: ◦ System and Applications Software
- 44. 1. System Softwareenables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. Operating Systems are programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer; and run applications. Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources. Device drivers are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system. Kinds of Software
- 45. Managing resources(memory, processing, storage, and devices like printer). Providing user interface Running applications Functions of a System Software
- 46. Kinds of Software ApplicationsSoftware - provides the real functionality of a computer. It help you use your computer to do specific types of work. Basic Applications, widely used in all career areas. Specialized Applications, more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.
- 47. DOS and GUIOperating System
- 48. DOS wasthe first widely installed operating system for personal computers. Command-driven Disk Operating System
- 49. A COMMANDis the name of a special program that makes your computer carry out a task. MS-DOS Commands
- 50. Through GUI,users can interact directly with the operating system. Microsoft Windows Icons, Menus, Dialog boxes Graphical User Interface (GUI)
- 51. FILES FILE issimply a collection of information that you store on a disk. Must have a unique name Two parts: the filename and extension separated by a period. RECIPE.DOCX
- 52. EXTENSIONS Use extensionto make your filenames more descriptive. ◦ FILENAME.DOCX – M.S. Word documents ◦ FILENAME.XLSX – M.S. Excel documents ◦ FILENAME.PPTX – M.S. PowerPoint documents
- 53. DIRECTORIES One wayof organizing the files on your computer Hard Disk ROOT – one basic directory Subdirectories