Collaborative model driven software engineering: a Systematic Mapping Study

Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Scienze Università degli Studi dell’Aquila dell’Informazione e Matematica Collaborative Model-Driven Software Engineering: a Systematic Mapping Study Davide Di Ruscio davide.diruscio@univaq.it COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 2 Joint work with Prof. Henry Muccini University of L’Aquila Dr. Ivano Malavolta Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Mirco Franzago University of L’Aquila

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 3 Collaborative Software Engineering “Collaborative software engineering (CoSE) deals with methods, processes and tools for enhancing collaboration, communication, and co-ordination (3C) among team members” (*) (*) Ivan Mistrik, John Grundy, Andr Hoek, and Jim Whitehead (Eds.). 2010. Collaborative Software Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 4 Collaborative Software Engineering When focusing on software design multiple stakeholders with different background collaborate on the development of the system CoSE is not only about software development team members It can embrace also external and non-technical stakeholders • e.g., customers, final users

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 5 Collaborative Software Engineering Collaborative Model Driven Software Engineering ?

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 6 Collaboration in MDSE Versioning

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 7Collaboration in MDE: different aspects & concepts

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 8 Collaborative Model-Driven Software Engineering (CoMDSE) A large body of knowledge about different aspects of collaborative model-driven software engineering (MDSE) exists A study analysing, classifying, and comparing approaches and methods for MDSE is still missing

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 9 Systematic Mapping Studies “… Systematic mapping studies or scoping studies are designed to give an overview of a research area through classification and counting contributions in relation to the categories of that classification… ” “…It involves searching the literature in order to know what topics have been covered in the literature, and where the literature has been published …” Kai Petersen, et al., Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update, Information and Software Technology, Volume 64, Pages 1-18, 2015

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 10 Systematic Mapping Study of CoMDSE Main goals: 1. Draw a complete, comprehensive and valid picture of the state of the art about collaborative MDSE 2. Identify potential gaps in current research and future research directions

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 11 Defining CoMDSE… 1. Analysis of a set of studies about MDSE approaches with a strong focus on collaboration; 2. Investigation on existing literature about collaborative approaches for software engineering in general; 3. Produced a tentative definition of CoMDSE; 4. MDSE and global software engineering experts have been involved to objectively assess the soundness of the obtained definition; 5. the definition was refined according to the feedback provided by the experts.

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 12 Defining CoMDSE A collaborative MDSE approach is defined as a method or technique in which multiple stakeholders manage, collaborate, and are aware of each others’ work on a set of shared models.

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 13 Collaborative MDSE dimensions A model management infrastructure for managing the life cycle of the models A set of collaboration means for allowing involved stakeholders to work on the modelling artifacts collaboratively A set of communication means for allowing involved stakeholders to be aware of the activities of the other stakeholders.

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 14 Overview of the review process http://tinyurl.com/glv7bg5

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 15 Overview of the review process http://tinyurl.com/glv7bg5

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 16 Overview of the review process http://tinyurl.com/glv7bg5 1.Establish the need for performing the mapping study on collaborative MDSE 2.Identifying the main research questions 3.Defining the protocol to be followed

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 17 Overview of the review process http://tinyurl.com/glv7bg5 1. Search and selection (definition of the search string, backward and forward snowblaling, …) 2. Comparison framework definition (data extraction form) 3. Data extraction (fill in the data extraction for each primary study) 4. Data synthesis (comprehensive summary)

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 18 Overview of the review process http://tinyurl.com/glv7bg5 1. Elaboration of the extracted data 2. Analysis of the possible threats to validity 3. Writing of reports

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 19 Research questions They are crucial ingredients for performing systematic mapping studies . Purpose Identify, classify, and understand Issue the publication trends, characteristics, and challenges Object of existing collaborative MDSE approaches Viewpoint from a researcher’s viewpoint Goal-Question-Metric perspectives

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 20 Research questions RQ1: What are the characteristics of collaborative MDSE approaches ? Objective: to identify and classify existing CoMDSE approaches according to the three dimensions (model management, collaboration, communication) Outcome: a map that classifies a set of CoMDSE based on different categories

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 21 Research questions RQ2: What are the challenges of existing CoMDSE approaches ? Objective: to identify current limitations and challenges with respect to the state of the art in CoMDSE Outcome: a map that classifies CoMDSE with respect to their limitations, faced challenges, and future work

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 22 Research questions RQ3: What are the publication trends about collaborative MDSE approaches over time ? Objective: to identify and classify the interest of researchers in CoMDSE approaches and their various characteristic over time Output: a map that classifies the collected primary studies according to publication year, venue, etc.

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 23 Some numbers…. • 6 scientific search engines • 3047 papers after automatic search • 160 papers after title+abstract selection • 108 papers after full-text selection • 48 main studies after clusterization • 84 attributes for data extraction/analysis

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 24 Inclusion Criteria I1. Studies proposing an MDSE method or technique for supporting the collaborative work of multiple stakeholders on models I2. Studies in which models are the primary artifacts within the collaboration process I3. Studies providing some kind of validation or evaluation of the proposed method or technique • e.g., via a case study, a survey, experiment, exploitation in industry, formal analysis, example usage I4. Studies subject to peer review (e.g., journal papers, papers published as part of conference)

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 25 Exclusion Criteria E1. Studies discussing only business processes and collaboration practices, without proposing a specific method or technique E2. Secondary studies (e.g., systematic literature reviews, surveys, etc.) E3. Studies that do not provide enough information (e.g., in the form of tutorial papers, long abstract papers, poster papers, editorials)

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 26 Publication trends

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 27 Taxonomy: Collaboration Allowing involved stakeholders to work on the modelling artifacts collaboratively

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 28 Taxonomy: Collaboration

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 29 Taxonomy: Communication Allowing involved stakeholders to be aware of the activities of the other stakeholders

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 30 Taxonomy: Communication Target stakeholder

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 31 Taxonomy: Communication

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 32 Taxonomy: Communication Workspace awareness tools Low: it supports only zero or one element Medium: it supports two elements High: it supports all elements

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 35 Taxonomy: Management Infrastructure for managing the life cycle of the models

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 36 Taxonomy: Management

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 37 Taxonomy: Management

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 38 Open Issues For each primary study the following data have been collected: (i) identified limitations of the proposed approach (ii) identified challenges that have not been solved in the current form of the proposed approach (iii) discussed directions for future work

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 39 Open Issues

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 40 Conclusion The interest around CoMDSE has been increasing over the last years A study analysing, classifying, and comparing approaches and methods for MDSE was missing A Systematic Mapping Study has been performed to • draw a picture of the state of the art about CoMDSE • identify open issues and future research directions

COMMitMDE at MoDELS 2016 – Saint-Malo, October 4, 2016 41

Collaborative model driven software engineering: a Systematic Mapping Study

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Collaborative model driven software engineering: a Systematic Mapping Study