Master of Computer Engineering
Digital Image Processing
Lecture 1
Nirav Patel
1
Syllabus
2
Reference Books
1. “Digital Image Processing”, Second
Edition by Rafel C. Gonzalez and
Richard E. Woods, Pearson
Education
2. “Digital Image Processing” by
Bhabatosh Chanda and Dwijesh
Majumder, PHI
3. “Fundamentals of Digital Image
Processing” by Anil K Jain, PHI
4. “Digital Image Processing Using
Matlab”, Rafel C. Gonzalez and
Richard E.Woods, Pearson
Education
3
Digital Image Processing
Chapter 1
Introduction
Nirav Patel
Department of Computer Engineering4
“One picture is worth more
than ten thousand words”
5
Introduction
What is Digital Image Processing?
Digital Image
◦ A two-dimensional function f(x,y)
◦ Approximation of a real scene
◦ Pixels: The elements of a digital image
Digital Image Processing |f(x’,y’)|=Intensity or color
Y
◦ Process digital images by means of computer at (x’,y’)
◦ Levels of processing 1 pixel f(x’,y’)
Low-level
Mid-level
High-level
X
6
Levels of image processing
Low Level Process Mid Level Process High Level Process
Input: Image Input: Image Input: Attributes
Output: Image Output: Attributes Output:
Understanding
Examples: Noise Examples: Object
removal, image recognition, Examples: Scene
sharpening segmentation understanding,
autonomous
navigation
In this course we will
stop here
7
Motivation
Pictorial information improvement for human visualization
For automatic machine applications
Reduce storage and transmission space
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Areas of applications
1. Medical Imaging
2. Astronomy
3. Remote Sensing
4. Biometrics
5. Forensics
6. Biological Sciences
7. Security Systems
9
Electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum
Gamma-ray imaging: nuclear medicine and astronomical
observations
10
Gama-Ray Imaging
11
Electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum
Gamma-ray imaging: nuclear medicine and astronomical
observations
X-rays: medical diagnostics, industry, and astronomy, etc.
12
X-Ray Imaging
13
Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)
14
Electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum
Gamma-ray imaging: nuclear medicine and astronomical
observations
X-rays: medical diagnostics, industry, and astronomy, etc.
Ultraviolet: lithography, industrial inspection, microscopy, lasers,
biological imaging and astronomical observations
15
Ultraviolet Imaging
Microscopic images
of infected corn
Cygnus Loop
16
Electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum
Gamma-ray imaging: nuclear medicine and astronomical
observations
X-rays: medical diagnostics, industry, and astronomy, etc.
Ultraviolet: lithography, industrial inspection, microscopy, lasers,
biological imaging and astronomical observations
Visible and infrared bands: light microscopy, astronomy, remote
sensing, industry and law enforcement
17
Visual and Infrared Imaging
18
Infrared Satellite Imaging
19
Automated Visual Inspection
20
Electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum
Gamma-ray imaging: nuclear medicine and astronomical
observations
X-rays: medical diagnostics, industry, and astronomy, etc.
Ultraviolet: lithography, industrial inspection, microscopy, lasers,
biological imaging and astronomical observations
Visible and infrared bands: light microscopy, astronomy, remote
sensing, industry and law enforcement
Microwave band: radar
21
Remote sensing: Radar Image
22
Electromagnetic (EM) energy spectrum
Gamma-ray imaging: nuclear medicine and astronomical
observations
X-rays: medical diagnostics, industry, and astronomy, etc.
Ultraviolet: lithography, industrial inspection, microscopy, lasers,
biological imaging and astronomical observations
Visible and infrared bands: light microscopy, astronomy, remote
sensing, industry and law enforcement
Microwave band: radar
Radio band: medicine (such as MRI) and astronomy
23
MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)
24
Ultrasound Imaging
25
Fundamental Steps in DIP
26
Image Acquisition
Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing
Image
Segmentatio
Enhancemen
n
t
Image Representatio
n&
Acquisition
Description
Problem Domain Object
Recognition
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
27
Image Enhancement
Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing
Image Result is
more Segmentatio
Enhancemen suitable than n
t the original
Image Representatio
n&
Acquisition
Description
Problem Domain Object
Recognition
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
28
Image Restoration
Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing
Image
Segmentatio
Enhancemen
n
t
Image Representatio
n&
Acquisition
Description
Improving
the
appearance
Problem Domain Object
Recognition
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
29
Morphological Processing
Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing
Image
Segmentatio
Enhancemen
n
t
Extracting
image
Image components Representatio
n&
Acquisition
Description
Problem Domain Object
Recognition
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
30
Segmentation
Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing
Image
Segmentatio
Enhancemen
n
t
Image Partition an image
Representatio
into its constituent n&
Acquisition
parts or objects Description
Problem Domain Object
Recognition
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
31
Representation & Description
Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing
Image
Segmentatio
Enhancemen
n
t
Represent image for
Image Representatio
computer processing n&
Acquisition
Description
Problem Domain Object
Recognition
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
32
Object Recognition
Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing
Image
Segmentatio
Enhancemen
n
t
Image Representatio
n&
Acquisition
Description
Problem Domain Object
Recognition
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
33
Image Compression
Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing
Image
Segmentatio
Enhancemen
n
t
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representatio
Problem Domain n&
Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
34
Colour Image Processing
Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing
Image
Segmentatio
Enhancemen
n
t
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representatio
Problem Domain n&
Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
35
Components
36
Questions Covered
1. What is Digital Image Processing?
2. Discuss applications of image processing.
3. What are the different steps of image processing?
4. What are the components of image processing?
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