OCS1902
OOPS USING
JAVA
SESSION 2
Operators and
Branching
Statements
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CONTENTS
Operators
Branching
Statements
2
Operators
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operator environment.
Most of its operators can
be divided into the
following four groups
● Arithmetic
● Bitwise
● Relational
● Logical
● Java also defines some
additional operators that
handle certain special
situations. 4
Arithmetic
Operators
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Arithmetic
Operators
The unary minus operator negates its
single operand.
The unary plus operator simply
returns the value of its operand.
Remember that when the division
operator is applied to an integer
type, there will be no fractional
component attached to the result.
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Arithmetic Operators-
Modulus class Modulus {
public static void main(String
args[]) {
The modulus operator, int x = 42;
%, returns the double y = 42.25;
remainder of a division System.out.println("x mod 10 = "
operation. + x % 10);
It can be applied to System.out.println("y mod 10 = "
+ y % 10);
floating-point types as
}
well as integer types. }
When you run this program, you will
get the following output:
x mod 10 = 2 7
Arithmetic Compound Assignment
Operators
Java provides special operators that can be
used to combine an arithmetic operation
with an assignment.
a = a + 4;
In Java, you can rewrite this statement as
shown here,
a += 4;
This version uses the += compound
assignment operator.
Both statements perform the same action
they increase the value of a by 8
Arithmetic Compound Assignment
Operators
class OpEquals {
public static void
main(String args[]){
int a = 1; int b = 2; int
c = 3; a=6
a += 5;
b *= 4; b=8
c += a * b;
c %= 6;
c=5
System.out.println("a =
" + a);
System.out.println("b =
" + b);
System.out.println("c = "
+ c);
} 9
Arithmetic Operators-Unary
operators
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Unary Operators-Program
class Sample 11
{
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public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("++a = " +
(++a) );
System.out.println("--b = " + (--
b) );
}
}
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Unary Operators-Program
What will be the result, if we try to
compile and execute the following code?
class Test
{
public static void main(String [ ] 16
args)
{
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int x=10;
int y=5;
System.out.println(x+
++(++y));
System.out.println(x+y);
} 12
RelationalOperat
• Relationalors
operators are used to compare
two values.
• These operators are primarily used in
conditions that control the flow of the
program, such as in if statements or loops.
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RelationalOperat
ors
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RelationalOperat
Relational orsare most commonly used with
operators primitive
data types like int, float, double, and char.
However, when comparing objects, especially strings, the
equals() method or compareTo() method is often more
appropriate, as the == operator checks for reference equality
rather than content equality in the case of objects.
Example:
String a = "hello";
String b = "hello";
a == b checks if a and b refer to the same
object.
a.equals(b) checks if the content of a and b
is the same. 15
Logical
Logical
Operators
operators in Java are used to combine
multiple boolean expressions or values and form
compound boolean expressions.
They play a crucial role in decision-making
structures like if-else statements and loops.
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Logical
Operators
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Logical
Operators
Java also employs short-circuit evaluation with
logical operators:
In the case of && (AND), if the first operand is
false, Java does not evaluate the second operand,
because the overall expression cannot be true.
Similarly, for || (OR), if the first operand is true,
Java does not evaluate the second operand, as the
overall expression is already true.
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Bitwise
Operators
Bitwise operators in Java perform
operations on the bits of integer
types (int, long, byte, short).
They are primarily used in low-
level programming, such as
graphics, device drivers, and
algorithms that require
manipulation of data at the bit
level. 19
Bitwise
Operators
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Bitwise(&, |, ^)
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Shift Operators(>>)
When we represent 16 in binary form, we
will get the following binary valu :
When we apply >> which is the right
shift operator, the bit represented by 1
moves by 3 positions to the
right(represented by the number after
the right shift operator).
After shifting the binary digit 1, we will
get : 22
Shift Operators(>>)
When we represent 8 in binary form, we will
get the following binary value :
When we apply << which is the left shift
operator, the bit represented by 1 moves by
4 positions to the left (represented by the
number after the left shift operator).
After shifting the binary digit 1, we will get :
x = 128
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Branching
Statements
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Branching Statements
0 0
1 if 3 if-else-if
0 0 ladder
2 if else 1 Switch case
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if statement
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if statement
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if else statement
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if else statement
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if else if ladder
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if else if ladder
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Switch statement
• In Java, the switch statement allows you to
select one of many code blocks to be executed.
• It's a more elegant and readable alternative to
multiple if-else if-else statements when dealing
with multiple conditions based on a single
expression.
• The expression within the switch must be of a
compatible type, such as int, char, String, or an
enumeration.
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Switch statement
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Switch statement-points
expression: This is the value that is compared with
the values of the case labels.
case: Each case label specifies a value to compare
with the expression. If the expression matches a case
value, the code following that case is executed.
break: A break statement is used to exit the switch
block. If it's omitted, execution will continue into the
next case, which is often undesirable (this is known as
"fall-through").
default: The default case is optional and can appear
anywhere in the switch block. The code in the default
case is executed if none of the case values match the 34
Switch statement
int day = 4; case 5:
String dayString; dayString = "Friday";
break;
switch (day) { case 6:
case 1: dayString = "Saturday";
dayString = "Monday"; break;
break; case 7:
case 2: dayString = "Sunday";
dayString = "Tuesday"; break;
break; default:
case 3: dayString = "Invalid day";
dayString = "Wednesday"; break;
break; }
case 4:
dayString = "Thursday"; System.out.println("Day of the
break; week: " + dayString);
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Ternary operator ?:
The ternary operator in Java is a concise way to
perform conditional assignments. It's a one-liner
replacement for an if-else statement and is often
used for simple conditions.
Here's how it works:
condition: This is a boolean expression that evaluates
either true or false.
valueIfTrue: This value is assigned to result if the condit
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is true.
Ternary operator ?:
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Thank
you!
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