Backup and Recovery

Module 4.2

2006 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Backup and Recovery
Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:
Describe best practices for planning Backup and
Recovery.
Describe the common media and types of data that are
part of a Backup and Recovery strategy.
Describe the common Backup and Recovery topologies.
Describe the Backup and Recovery Process.
Describe Management considerations for Backup and
Recovery.

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In this module
This module contains the following lessons:
Planning for Backup and Recovery
Backup and Recovery Methods
Backup Architecture Topologies
Managing the Backup Process

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Lesson: Planning for Backup and Recovery
Upon completion of this lesson, you be able to:
Define Backup and Recovery.
Describe common reasons for a Backup and Recovery
plan.
Describe the business considerations for Backup and
Recovery.
Define RPO and RTO.
Describe the data considerations for Backup and
Recovery
Describe the planning for Backup and Recovery.

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What is a Backup?
Backup is an additional copy of data that can be used for
restore and recovery purposes.
The Backup copy is used when the primary copy is lost
or corrupted.
This Backup copy can be created as a:
Simple copy (there can be one or more copies)
Mirrored copy (the copy is always updated with whatever is written
to the primary copy.)

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Backup and Recovery Strategies
Several choices are available to get the data to the backup
media such as:
Copy the data.
Mirror (or snapshot) then copy.
Remote backup.
Copy then duplicate or remote copy.

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Its All About Recovery!
Businesses back up their data to enable its recovery in
case of potential loss.
Businesses also back up their data to comply with
regulatory requirements.
Types of backup derivatives:
Disaster Recovery
Archival
Operational

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Reasons for a Backup Plan
Hardware Failures
Human Factors
Application Failures
Security Breaches
Disasters
Regulatory and Business Requirements

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How does Backup Work?
Client/Server Relationship
Server
Directs Operation
Maintains the Backup Catalog

Client
Gathers Data for Backup (a backup client sends backup data to a
backup server or storage node).

Storage Node

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How does Backup Work, continued
Clients

Servers
Backup Clients

Backup Server
& Storage Node

Metadata
Data Set
Catalog

Disk Tape
Storage Backup
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Business Considerations
Customer business needs determine:
What are the restore requirements RPO & RTO?
Where and when will the restores occur?
What are the most frequent restore requests?
Which data needs to be backed up?
How frequently should data be backed up?
hourly, daily, weekly, monthly
How long will it take to backup?
How many copies to create?
How long to retain backup copies?

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Data Considerations: File Characteristics
Location
Size
Number

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Data Considerations: Data Compression
Compressibility depends on the data type, for example:
Application binaries do not compress well.
Text compresses well.
JPEG/ZIP files are already compressed and expand if
compressed again.

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Data Considerations: Retention Periods
Operational
Data sets on primary media (disk) up to the point where most restore
requests are satisfied, then moved to secondary storage (tape).

Disaster Recovery
Driven by the organizations disaster recovery policy
Portable media (tapes) sent to an offsite location / vault.
Replicated over to an offsite location (disk).
Backed up directly to the offsite location (disk, tape or emulated tape).

Archiving
Driven by the organizations policy.
Dictated by regulatory requirements.

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Lesson: Summary
Topics in this lesson included:
Backup and Recovery definitions and examples.
Common reasons for Backup and Recovery.
The business considerations for Backup and Recovery.
Recovery Point Objectives and Recovery Time
Objectives.
The data considerations for Backup and Recovery
The planning for Backup and Recovery.

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Lesson: Backup and Recovery Methods
Upon completion of this lesson, you be able to:
Describe Hot and Cold Backups.
Describe the levels of Backup Granularity.

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Database Backup Methods
Hot Backup: production is not interrupted.
Cold Backup: production is interrupted.
Backup Agents manage the backup of different data
types such as:
Structured (such as databases)
Semi-structured (such as email)
Unstructured (file systems)

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Backup Granularity and Levels
Full Backup

Cumulative (Differential)

Incremental

Full Cumulative Incremental

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Restoring an Incremental Backup
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

Files 1, 2, 3 File 4 File 3 File 5 Files 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Full Backup Incremental Incremental Incremental

Production

Key Features
Files that have changed since the last full or incremental backup are
backed up.
Fewest amount of files to be backed up, therefore faster backup and less
storage space.
Longer restore because last full and all subsequent incremental backups
must be applied.

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Restoring a Cumulative Backup
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

Files 1, 2, 3 File 4 Files 4, 5 Files 4, 5, 6 Files 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Full Backup Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative

Production

Key Features
More files to be backed up, therefore it takes more time to backup
and uses more storage space.
Much faster restore because only the last full and the last cumulative
backup must be applied.

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Lesson: Summary
Topics in this lesson included:
Hot and Cold Backups.
The levels of Backup Granularity.

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Lesson: Backup Architecture Topologies
Upon completion of this lesson, you be able to:
Describe DAS, LAN, SAN, Mixed topologies.
Describe backup media considerations.

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Backup Architecture Topologies
There are 3 basic backup topologies:
Direct Attached Based Backup
LAN Based Backup
SAN Based Backup

These topologies can be integrated, forming a mixed

topology

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Direct Attached Based Backups

LAN
Metadata

Data
Catalog

Media
Backup Server Storage Node Backup
Backup Client

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LAN Based Backups

Database Server Mail Server

Backup Client Backup Client

Metadata
Data LAN
Data
Metadata

Backup Server
Storage Node

Storage Node
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SAN Based Backups (LAN Free)
Mail Server

Storage Node
Backup Client

LAN Data
SAN

Metadata Backup
Device

Data

Backup Server
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SAN/LAN Mixed Based Backups
Storage Node

Database Server Mail Server

Backup Client Backup Client

Data
LAN

Data

SAN
Metadata

Backup
Data Device

Backup Server
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Backup Media
Tape
Traditional destination for backups
Sequential access
No protection

Disk
Random access
Protected by the storage array (RAID, hot spare, etc)

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Multiple Streams on Tape Media

Data from
Stream 1 Data from
Stream 2 Data from
Stream 3

Tape

Multiple streams interleaved to achieve higher

throughput on tape
Keeps the tape streaming, for maximum write performance
Helps prevent tape mechanical failure
Greatly increases time to restore

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Backup to Disk
Backup to disk minimizes tape in backup environments
by using disk as the primary destination device
Cost benefits
No processes changes needed
Better service levels

Backup to disk aligns backup strategy to RTO and

RPO

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Tape versus Disk Restore Comparison

Disk 24
Backup / Restore Minutes

Tape 108
Backup / Restore Minutes

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Recovery Time in Minutes*
*Total time from point of failure to return of service to e-mail users

Typical Scenario:
800 users, 75 MB mailbox
60 GB database

Source: EMC Engineering and EMC IT

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Three Backup / Restore Solutions based on RTO
2 Min.

Local Replica / Restore time

17 Min. 19 Minutes
Clone Log playback

Backup on ATA 24 Min. 17 Min. 41 Minutes

Backup on tape 108 Min. 17 Min. 125 Minutes

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Recovery Time in Minutes*
*Total time from point of failure to return of service to e-mail users

Typical Scenario: Time of last image dictates

800 users, 75 MB mailbox the log playback time
60 GB DB restore time Larger data sets extend the
500 MB logs log playback recovery time (ATA and tape)

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Traditional Backup, Recovery and Archive Approach

Production environment grows

Requires constant tuning and data placement to
maintain performance
Production Need to add more tier-1 storage

Backup environment grows

Backup windows get longer and jobs do not complete
Backup Restores take longer
Process Requires more tape drives and silos to keep up with
service levels

Archive environment grows

Impact flexibility to retrieve content when requested
Archive
Process Requires more media, adding management cost
No investment protection for long term retention
requirements

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Differences Between Backup / Recovery & Archive
Backup / Recovery Archive
A secondary copy of information Primary copy of information
Used for recovery operations Available for information retrieval
Improves availability by enabling Adds operational efficiencies by
application to be restored to a moving fixed / unstructured content
specific point in time out of operational environment
Typically short-term (weeks or Typically long-term (months, years,
months) or decades)
Data typically maintained for
Data typically overwritten on
analysis, value generation, or
periodic basis (e.g., monthly)
compliance
Useful for compliance and should
Not for regulatory compliance
take into account information-
though some are forced to use
retention policy
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New Architecture for Backup, Recovery & Archive

Backup 3 2 Archive
Process Production Process
4 4

Understand the environment

Actively archive valuable information to tiered
storage
Back up active production information to disk
Retrieve from archive or recover from backup

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Lesson: Summary
Topics in this lesson included:
The DAS, LAN, SAN, and Mixed topologies.
Backup media considerations.

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Lesson: Managing the Backup Process
Upon completion of this lesson, you be able to:
Describe features and functions of common
Backup/Recovery applications.
Describe the Backup/Recovery process management
considerations.
Describe the importance of the information found in
Backup Reports and in the Backup Catalog.

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How a Typical Backup Application Works
Backup clients are grouped and associated with a Backup
schedule that determines when and which backup type will
occur.
Groups are associated with Pools, which determine which
backup media will be used.
Each backup media has a unique label.
Information about the backup is written to the Backup Catalog
during and after it completes. The Catalog shows:
when the Backup was performed, and
which media was used (label).
Errors and other information is also written to a log.

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Backup Application User Interfaces
There are typically two types of user interfaces:
Command Line Interface CLI
Graphical User Interfaces GUI

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Managing the Backup and Restore Process
Running the B/R Application: Backup
The backup administrator configures it to be started, most (if not all)
of the times, automatically
Most backup products offer the ability for the backup client to initiate
their own backup (usually disabled)

Running the B/R Application: Restore

There is usually a separate GUI to manage the restore process
Information is pulled from the backup catalog when the user is
selecting the files to be restored
Once the selection is finished, the backup server starts reading from
the required backup media, and the files are sent to the backup
client

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Backup Reports
Backup products also offer reporting features.
These features rely on the backup catalog and log files.
Reports are meant to be easy to read and provide
important information such as:
Amount of data backed up
Number of completed backups
Number of incomplete backups (failed)
Types of errors that may have occurred

Additional reports may be available, depending on the

backup software product used.

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Importance of the Backup Catalog
As you can see, backup operations strongly rely on the
backup catalog
If the catalog is lost, the backup software alone has no
means to determine where to find a specific file backed
up two months ago, for example
It can be reconstructed, but this usually means that all of
the backup media (i.e. tapes) have to be read
Its a good practice to protect the catalog
By replicating the file system where it resides to a remote location
By backing it up

Some backup products have built-in mechanisms to

protect their catalog (such as automatic backup)
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Lesson: Summary
Topics in this lesson included:
The features and functions of common Backup/Recovery
applications.
The Backup/Recovery process management
considerations.
The importance of the information found in Backup
Reports and in the Backup Catalog.

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Module Summary
Key points covered in this module:
The best practices for planning Backup and Recovery.
The common media and types of data that are part of a
Backup and Recovery strategy.
The common Backup and Recovery topologies.
The Backup and Recovery Process.
Management considerations for Backup and Recovery.

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Check Your Knowledge
What are three reasons for doing a Backup plan?
What are the three topologies that support creating a
Backup set?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using
tape as the Backup media?
What are the three levels of granularity found in
Backups?

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Apply Your Knowledge
Upon completion of this topic, you will be able to:

Describe EMCs product implementation of a Backup

and Recovery solution.

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EMC NetWorker
Tiered Protection and Recovery Management
Remove risk
Faster and more consistent data
backup

Backup Advanced
Basic
Improve reliability Tape backup
to disk
Disk-backup
backup
Snapshot
and recovery
Keep recovery copies fresh and option management
reduce process errors

SERVICE-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS
Lower total cost of Low High

ownership
Centralization and ease of use

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NetWorker Backup and Recovery
Solution Features
Enterprise protection
Basic Architecture Critical applications
Heterogeneous Heterogeneous platforms and
clients storage
Key
applications Scalable architecture
256-bit AES encryption and secure
authentication
LAN
Centralized management
Backup
server Graphical user interface
NAS Customizable reporting
Storage
(NDMP)
SAN
Node Wizard-driven configuration

Performance
Data multiplexing
Tape
library Advanced indexing
Efficient media management
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Critical Application and Database Protection
Backup without Application Backup with NetWorker
Modules Application Modules
Offline (Cold)

Shut down Application

application Application

NetWorker MODULE

24x7 OPERATIONS
Back up DOWNTIME
application SAVE

Restart
application Application

Integration with application APIs

for backup and recovery

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Media-Management Advantages
Open Tape Format
Datastream multiplexing
Self-contained indexing
Cross-platform format
UNIX Windows Linux
Minimize impact of tape corruption

Dynamic drive sharing

Cross-platform tape-drive sharing
On-demand device usage
NetWorker NetWorker
Reduce hardware total cost of UNIX/Linux Windows
ownership

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NetWorker DiskBackup Option

High performance
Backup-to-Disk Architecture
Simultaneous-access operations
Heterogeneous No penalty on restore versus tape
clients
Key
applications Policy-based migration of data
from disk to tape
Automated staging and cloning
LAN
Up to 50% faster
Backup Clone backups jobs as they
server complete
NAS Storage Reduce wear and tear on tape
Node drives and cartridges
SAN
Superior capability
Disk- Operational backup and recovery
Tape backup for all clients, including NAS with
library target
NDMP
Direct file access for fast recovery
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Advanced Backup - Snapshots and CDP
Integration of backup with snapshots, full-volume mirrors,
and Continuous Data Protection (CDP) Production
server
Instant restore
Off-host backups
Production
Achieve stringent recovery-time objectives (RTOs), information

recovery-point objectives (RPOs)

Recover

It is expected that snapshot Backup

technology for data protection will

surpass backup to tape as the trend Snapshot Backup snap
in data protection as organizations 5:00 p.m. 10:00 p.m.
Snapshot
continue to focus on recovery times 11:00 a.m. Backup
server

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NetWorker PowerSnap Module
Policy-based management
Advanced Backup
Administer snapshots in
Heterogeneous NetWorker
clients
Key Schedule, create, retain, and
applications delete snapshots by policy

Third-party integration
LAN Leverage third-party replication
technology
Backup
server Array-based (Symmetrix DMX,
CLARiiON CX, etc.)
NAS Storage Software-based (RecoverPoint)
Node
SAN
Application recovery
CLARiiON Integration with Application
Tape with Modules to ensure consistent
library SnapView state
Exchange / SQL / Oracle / SAP

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NetWorker SnapImage Module

Advanced Backup Block-level backups

Host-based snapshot
Targeted at high-density file
systems
Single-file restore
Sparse backups

High performance
Significant backup-and-restore
performance impactup to 10
times faster
Drive tape at rated speeds
10,000,000+ files Optional network-accelerated
1,000,000+ directories serverless backup with Cisco
intelligent switch

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Solution Example: Major Telecom Company
Enterprise-Information Protection

Business Challenge: Solution:

NetWorker PowerSnap with
Complex application Symmetrix and TimeFinder/Snap
environment Server-free backup

No backup window NetWorker DiskBackup Option with

CLARiiON with ATA disks
Recovery-time objective: Rapid primary-site protection
Restore 24 TB in two NetWorker and SRDF/S
hours Disaster recovery
Offsite protection

Disaster-Recovery Site Production Site

NetWorker
Disaster- Storage Node
recovery host Application Storage Node Value Proposition
host PowerSnap
Tape Zero backup window for
library SAN
SAN Tape applications
library Eliminated data-loss risk
SRDF/S
Reduced management
Symmetrix Symmetrix CLARiiON
DMX DMX CX overhead

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