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Beginning JSP, JSF and
Tomcat
Java Web Development
Giulio Zambon
Beginning JSP, JSF and Tomcat
Copyright © 2012 by Giulio Zambon
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concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,
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developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or
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by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of
the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained
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are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.
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ii
Contents at a Glance
About the Author.................................................................................................. xiv
About the Technical Reviewers ............................................................................ xv
Chapter 1: Introducing JSP and Tomcat .................................................................1
Chapter 2: JSP Elements.......................................................................................19
Chapter 3: JSP Application Architectures ............................................................49
Chapter 4: JSP in Action .......................................................................................79
Chapter 5: XML and JSP .....................................................................................121
Chapter 6: Databases..........................................................................................159
Chapter 7: JavaServer Faces 2.2 ........................................................................189
Chapter 8: JSF and eshop ...................................................................................231
Chapter 9: Tomcat...............................................................................................259
Chapter 10: eshop* .............................................................................................281
Appendix A: The Web Page .................................................................................317
Appendix B: SQL Practical Introduction..............................................................379
Appendix C: Abbreviations and Acronyms..........................................................405
Index ...................................................................................................................409
iii
Contents
About the Author.................................................................................................. xiv
About the Technical Reviewers ............................................................................ xv
Chapter 1: Introducing JSP and Tomcat .................................................................1
Installing Java....................................................................................................................3
Java Test .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Installing Tomcat ...............................................................................................................6
Simple Tomcat Test.................................................................................................................................. 8
What Is JSP?......................................................................................................................9
Viewing a JSP Page................................................................................................................................ 10
Hello World! .....................................................................................................................12
Listing the HTML-Request Parameters............................................................................16
Summary .........................................................................................................................17
Chapter 2: JSP Elements.......................................................................................19
Introduction .....................................................................................................................19
Scripting Elements and Java ...........................................................................................20
Scriptlets ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Expressions ............................................................................................................................................ 20
Declarations............................................................................................................................................ 21
Data Types and Variables ....................................................................................................................... 21
Objects and Arrays ................................................................................................................................. 23
Operators, Assignments, and Comparisons ........................................................................................... 24
iv
#/.4%.43
Selections ............................................................................................................................................... 25
Iterations ................................................................................................................................................ 26
Implicit Objects................................................................................................................27
The application Object....................................................................................................................... 27
The config Object ................................................................................................................................. 30
The exception Object........................................................................................................................... 31
The out Object ....................................................................................................................................... 32
The pageContext Object....................................................................................................................... 34
The request Object............................................................................................................................... 34
The response Object............................................................................................................................. 43
The session Object............................................................................................................................... 43
Directive Elements...........................................................................................................44
The page Directive ................................................................................................................................. 44
The include Directive ........................................................................................................................... 47
The taglib Directive ............................................................................................................................. 47
Summary .........................................................................................................................47
Chapter 3: JSP Application Architectures ............................................................49
The Model 1 Architecture ................................................................................................49
The Model 2 Architecture ................................................................................................50
The E-bookshop Home Page .................................................................................................................. 52
The E-bookshop Servlet ......................................................................................................................... 54
More on E-bookshop .............................................................................................................................. 57
E-bookshop’s Folder Structure............................................................................................................... 60
Eclipse .............................................................................................................................63
Creating a New Web Project................................................................................................................... 67
Importing a WAR file............................................................................................................................... 69
Eclipse Occasional Bugs......................................................................................................................... 70
v
#/.4%.43
A Better Online Bookshop................................................................................................70
Objects and Operations .......................................................................................................................... 71
The Customer Interface .......................................................................................................................... 72
The E-shop Architecture ..................................................................................................73
The Model............................................................................................................................................... 73
The Controller ......................................................................................................................................... 74
The View ................................................................................................................................................. 76
Summary .........................................................................................................................77
Chapter 4: JSP in Action .......................................................................................79
JSP Standard Actions ......................................................................................................79
Actions: forward, include, and param .................................................................................................... 79
Action: useBean...................................................................................................................................... 82
Actions: setProperty and getProperty..................................................................................................... 84
Action: text ............................................................................................................................................. 87
Actions: element, attribute, and body..................................................................................................... 87
Actions: plugin, params, and fallback .................................................................................................... 88
Comments and Escape Characters..................................................................................90
JSP’s Tag Extension Mechanism.....................................................................................90
Bodyless Custom Actions ....................................................................................................................... 91
Bodied Custom Actions........................................................................................................................... 95
Tag Files ................................................................................................................................................. 98
JSTL and EL ...................................................................................................................103
JSP Expression Language .................................................................................................................... 103
JSP Standard Tag Library ..................................................................................................................... 107
The Core Library ................................................................................................................................... 109
The i18n Library: Writing Multi-Lingual Applications ........................................................................... 112
Summary .......................................................................................................................119
vi
#/.4%.43
Chapter 5: XML and JSP .....................................................................................121
The XML Document........................................................................................................122
Defining Your Own XML Documents ..............................................................................123
XML DTDs ............................................................................................................................................. 124
XML Schemas....................................................................................................................................... 124
Validation.............................................................................................................................................. 132
JSTL-XML and XSL ........................................................................................................139
XPath .................................................................................................................................................... 139
An XPath Example ................................................................................................................................ 143
x:parse.................................................................................................................................................. 145
XSLT: Transformation from One XML Format to Another...................................................................... 146
XSLT: Transformation from XML to HTML ............................................................................................ 147
XSL Transformation: Browser Side vs. Server Side.............................................................................. 148
x:transform and x:param ...................................................................................................................... 152
JSP in XML Syntax.........................................................................................................153
Summary .......................................................................................................................157
Chapter 6: Databases..........................................................................................159
MySQL............................................................................................................................159
MySQL Test........................................................................................................................................... 161
MySQL/Tomcat Test ............................................................................................................................. 165
Database Basics ............................................................................................................168
SQL Scripts ....................................................................................................................170
Java API .........................................................................................................................171
Connecting to the Database ................................................................................................................. 172
Accessing Data..................................................................................................................................... 173
Transactions ......................................................................................................................................... 176
DB Access in E-shop......................................................................................................176
vii
#/.4%.43
What about the XML Syntax?.........................................................................................180
Possible Alternatives to MySQL .....................................................................................184
Summary .......................................................................................................................187
Chapter 7: JavaServer Faces 2.2 ........................................................................189
The simplef Application .................................................................................................189
An Alternative to <managed-bean>..................................................................................................... 195
The simplefx and simpleh Applications .........................................................................195
The JSF Life Cycle .........................................................................................................197
Event Handling...................................................................................................................................... 199
The JSF Tag Libraries ....................................................................................................199
The html Library .................................................................................................................................. 200
The core Library .................................................................................................................................. 205
The facelet Library ............................................................................................................................ 215
The composite Library........................................................................................................................ 224
Summary .......................................................................................................................229
Chapter 8: JSF and eshop ...................................................................................231
eshopf............................................................................................................................231
The Top Menu....................................................................................................................................... 232
The Left Menu (part 1) .......................................................................................................................... 233
The Shop Manager ............................................................................................................................... 235
The Left Menu (part 2) .......................................................................................................................... 236
The Checkout Page............................................................................................................................... 237
web.xml ................................................................................................................................................ 238
Using and Creating Converters ......................................................................................240
Writing the Converter in Java ............................................................................................................... 241
Registering the Converter with the Application.................................................................................... 243
Using the Converter .............................................................................................................................. 243
viii
#/.4%.43
Using and Creating Validators .......................................................................................243
Built-In Validators ................................................................................................................................. 244
Application-Level Validation ................................................................................................................. 245
Custom Validators................................................................................................................................. 246
Validation Methods in Backing Beans .................................................................................................. 247
Creating Custom Components .......................................................................................248
Component ........................................................................................................................................... 249
Renderer............................................................................................................................................... 251
Tag........................................................................................................................................................ 253
Inline Renderer ..................................................................................................................................... 256
faces-config.xml............................................................................................................257
Summary .......................................................................................................................257
Chapter 9: Tomcat...............................................................................................259
Tomcat’s Architecture and server.xml...........................................................................259
Context ................................................................................................................................................. 260
Connector ............................................................................................................................................. 261
Host ...................................................................................................................................................... 261
Engine................................................................................................................................................... 262
Service.................................................................................................................................................. 262
Server ................................................................................................................................................... 262
Listener................................................................................................................................................. 263
Global Naming Resources .................................................................................................................... 263
Realm ................................................................................................................................................... 263
Cluster .................................................................................................................................................. 263
Valve ..................................................................................................................................................... 264
Loader and Manager............................................................................................................................. 264
Directory Structure ........................................................................................................264
conf....................................................................................................................................................... 265
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