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A Complete Self-Study Guide to the
Library and Information
Professional Examination

Compiled & Edited

By
Dr. Amit Kishore
AKB Publication
Bhagalpur, Bihar (India)
Email: akbpublication2019@gmail.com
Mob: 918837433313

© Publisher, 2019

Price : 595/-

Typesetting By :

New Wave Computers, Jaipur

All rights reserved, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission
of the publisher or the copyright holder.
Dedicated to
The memories of my late mother
PREFACE

“Library and Information Science (LIS)’ as it reflects by its name that subject requires
systematic and even study. Library science is one of the emerging subject of present scenario. It
contain ample of possibilities in itself. All the students who are vigorously preparing for NTA
UGC-NET/ SET/ KVS/ NVS/ RSSB/ DSSSB/ LPA and other Librarian and Information Professional
Competitive Exam is the target reader of this book. Most of the matters of this book is compiled
from various authentic sources of information (printed & electronic), study materials (IGNOU,
LPU, NIOS, etc.) and educational website (Egyankosh, Epgpathshala, Sodhganga, swayam, etc), it
can satisfy all your needs related to library and Information Competitive Exam. This book contains
a conceptual approach to library and information science with previous years solved papers of
various librarian and information professional competitive exams.

The student always likes to study books only having objective questions but the lack of
theoretical/conceptual knowledge produce lots of hickups while facing the competitive exams. So
taking these problems in mind, I have designed the book which is having conceptual approach to
Library and Information Science for the betterment of students, who are appearing for different
competitive exams like NTA UGC-NET/SLET, KVS, NVS, DSSSB, RSMSSB, LPA, etc.

We would like to extend our warm gratitude and thanks to all Library and Information
professionals and teachers, who help us in convert the idea into vision. No acknowledgement can
be completed without mentioning our warm gratitude to each one of the previous authors, whose
document (Research report/ Paper/ Article/ Book Chapters/ Blogs, etc.) have been partially used in
this book with reference, Students can use these references for further reading. I would like to
extend my warm gratitude and thanks to all family, friends, library professionals and teachers, who
put a stone in build the bridge to knowledge. And lastly, I believe that this book is blessing of god.
God make me able enough that I can write for beginners and future library professionals of our
country.

—Dr. Amit Kishore

CONTENTS
UNIT Page No.
Unit–I Foundation of Library and Information Science 1-52
Chp-1 : Historical Development of Libraries in India; Committees and 2
Commissions on Libraries in India
• Library and Information Science
• Concepts/Forms of Library (Traditional & Digital Library)
• Some Important Oriental Libraries of India
• Melvil Dewey: At a glance
• C A Cutter: At a glance
• Dr S. R. Rangnathan: At a glance
• Padma Shri Award recipients in Library Science
• Library movement in India
• Library and Information Profession/ Seven lamps of professional Ethics
• Library and Information Science Education in India
Chp-2 : Types of Libraries 17
• National Library of India • Public Library
• Academic Library • University Library
• Special Library
Chp-3 : Library Legislation and Library Acts 21
• Library Legislation in India
• The Press and Registration of Books Act; 1867
• The Delivery of Books and Newspapers (Public Libraries) Act., 1954
Chp-4 : Laws of Library Science 27
Chp-5 : Library Associations & Promoters 30
• National Library Associations
• State Level Library Associations
• International Library Associations
• Role of UGC, RRRLF and UNESCO in Promotion and Development of Libraries
• UGC for Academic Library
Chp-6 : Library Public Relations and Extension Activities 41
Chp-7 : User Studies & User Education 44
• Library User • Library Orientation
• User Education
Chp-8 : Information Literacy 49
• Standards for Information Literacy
• Information Literacy Models
• Seven Faces of Information Literacy
Unit–II Knowledge Organisation & Information Retrieval 53-108
Chp-1 : Universe of Knowledge and Modes of Formation of Subjects 54
• Universe of Knowledge/Subject
• Mapping the Universe of Knowledge in Classifications scheme
• Main Classes of CC • Structure of Subject
• Modes of Formation of Subjects
Chp-2 : Library Classification: Canons and Principles 62
• Library Classification
• Purpose and Objective of Library Classification
• Components of Library Classification
• Theory of Library Classification
• Canons of Classification
• Library Classification Research Group and Organizations
• Recent Developments in classification
Chp-3 : Library Classification Schemes: DDC, UDC & CC 69
• Major Schemes of Library Classification
• Species of Library Classification
• Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
• Colon Classification (CC)
• Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)
• Types of Devices in Classification Scheme
Chp-4 : Information Processing & Retrieval (Library Cataloguing) 81
• Purpose and objectives of library catalogue
• Inner forms/Types of Library Catalogue
• Bibliographic Records/Standards
• Metadata Standards
• CIP (Cataloguing in Publication) and Prenatal cataloguing
Chp-5 : Principles and Canons of Cataloguing 93
• Development of Normative Principles of Cataloguing
• Canons of Cataloguing • Basic Laws of Cataloguing
• Principles of Cataloguing
Chp-6 : Library Cataloguing Codes: CCC and AACR-II 96
• Entry and its Types
• Entry According to CCC
• Entry According to AACR-2
Chp-7 : Subject Headings and Indexing System 100
• Pre-Coordinate Indexing System
• Post-Coordinate Indexing • Vocabulary Control
Chp-8 : Information Storage and Retrieval System 106
• Models of Information Retrieval System
• Search Tools
• Evaluation of IRS
Unit–III Library and Information Centers Management 109-150
Chp-1 : Management : Principles, Functions and Schools of thought 110
• Management: Concepts and Definitions
• Fayol’s Principles of Management (14 Principles)
• Functions/Elements of Management (POSDCORB)
• Major Schools of Management Thought
Chp-2 : Human Resource Management 116
• Human Resource Management
• Recruitment and Selection (Staffing)
• Job Analysis
Chp-3 : Management Techniques & Systems 120
• TQM: Total Quality Management
• Management Information System: MIS
• MBO: Management by Objective • Six Sigma(s)
• SWOT Analysis
• Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
• Critical path method (CPM)
Chp-4 : Library and Information Centers Management 126
• Collection Development
• Tools for Book selection • Principles of Book Selection
• Selection of Periodicals and Serials
• Library Building and Furniture’s - Standards and Guidelines
• Sections of Library • Circulation Section
• RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
• Classification of Documents • Accession Register
• Stock verification • Weeding Out/Write off
• Preservation and Conservation work
• Binding work • Management of Periodicals
• ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
• CODEN • Annual Reports & Statistics
• Library Authority and Committee
Chp-5 : Financial Management & Marketing 145
• Library Finance and Budget
• Library Finance and Budget
• Cost Effectiveness and Cost Benefit Analysis
• Marketing of Library and Information Products and Services
Unit–IV Information Sources & Services 151-180
Chp-1 : Sources of Information 152
• Classification of Information Sources by Information Characteristics
• Sources of Information
Chp-2 : Reference and Information Services 165
• Reference service
• Alerting Services: CAS & SDI Current Awareness Services (CAS)
Chp-3 : Mobile based Library Services and Tools 172
• Mobile Technology • Mobile Library Services
• Mobile Web Sites
• Creating Mobile Web Sites, OPACs and Applications
• Mobile Apps For Information Professionals
Chp-4 : Web 2.0 Based Library Services 176
• Web 2.0 • Library 2.0
• Basic Characteristics Of Library 2.0
• Application of Web 2.0/Library 2.0 tools
• Social Networking
Unit–V Information Systems and Networks 181-204
Chp-1 : National Information Systems and Networks 182
• Information System
• NISCAIR (National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources)
• Environmental Information System (ENVIS)
• Biotechnology Information System Networ (BTISNET)
• NISSAT (National Information System for Science and Technology)
• National Informatics Centre (NIC)/ NICNET
• Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)
• National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC)
• National Knowledge Network (NKN)
• Patent Information System (PIS), Nagpur (India)
• Biotechnology Information System Network (BTISNET)
Chp-2 : International Information Systems and Networks 192
• Agricultural Information System (AGRIS)
• INIS (The International Nuclear Information System)
• MEDLARS • INFOTERRA
• CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE (CAS)
• BIOSIS
• EVINSA (The Development Information Network for South Asia)
• POPLINE (Population information Online)
Chp-3 : Library Resource Sharing & Networks 197
• Resource sharing • Library Network
• INFLIBNET • DELNET (Developing Library Network)
• Library Consortia
Unit–VI Information Communication Technology 205-236
Chp-1 : Fundamentals of Computer Technology 206
• Classification of Computers
• Architecture of Computer: Hardware and Software
• Computer Hardware • Input devices
• Output Devices • Memory Unit
• Computer Software • Operating system(OS)
• Computer Language
Chp-2 : Communication Technology 224
• Communication System • Computer Network
Chp-3 : Internet and its applications 229
• World Wide Web (WWW) • Internet Protocols
• Hypertext & Multimedia • Virtual Reality
Unit–VII Library Automation & Digital Library 237-272
Chp-1 : Library Automation 238
• Areas of Automation
• Open Source Library Automation Software
Chp-2 : Digital Library System 243
• Digital Library • Virtual Library: Concept and Definition
• Digitization • Content Management System
• Digital library initiatives • Institutional Repository
Chp-3 : Modern Trends in Library and Information Science 257
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
• Database • Boolean Search
• E- Resources (E-Journals / E-Books/ Online Databases)
• Data Mining & Data warehouse
• Open Source Discovery Tools • Artificial Intelligence
• Digital Divide • Metadata
Unit–VIII Information Communication & Knowledge Management 273-295
Chp-1 : Data, Information and Knowledge 274
• Data • Information
• Knowledge
Chp-2 : Information Communication System 278
• Information Cycle
• Information Communication
• Channels of Communication
• Models of Communication
Chp-3 : Intellectual Property Right 284
• Intellectual property right (IPR) and Copyright
• History of IPR
• Types of IPR
• Intellectual Property Rights in India
• National and international Agencies/ Convention on Copyright
• Plagiarism
Chp-4 : Knowledge Management 293
• Steps of Knowledge Management (KM)
• Knowledge Management (KM) Methods and Tools
Unit–IX Research Methodology 296-317
Chp-1 : Research: Concept, Purpose, and Types of Research 297
• Research: Meaning and Definition
• Types of Research
• Ranganathan’s Spiral of Scientific Method
Chp-2 : Research Design & Hypothesis 303
• Research Design • Hypothesis
Chp-3 : Data Collection and Presentation 307
• Data Collection Tools/Technique
• Measurement of variables
• Citation style
Chp-4 : Metric Studies & Impact Factors 315
• Bibliometrics • Informetrics
Unit–X Important Facts to Library & Information Science 318-337
• Important Facts to Library & Information Science
• Abbreviations
Unit –XI Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) 338-392
• Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
• Previous Year Papers
UNIT-I
Foundation of Library
and
Information Science
2 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science

Historical Development of Libraries in India;

Committees and Commissions on Libraries in India 1
Dewey at Columbia University in 1887.
Library and Information Science  The term ‘Library Economy’ was common
in the U.S. until 1942, with the library
 The word ‘Library’ derives from the
science predominant through much of the 20th
Latin word ‘Liber’. century
 The synonyms word of English word ‘Library’  Library and information science (LIS) is a
Hindi word is ‘Pustkalay’ and French word is merging of library science and information
‘Bibliotheca’. science.
 The first use of the English word ‘Library’  The first school to do this was at the
was Oxford dictionary in 1374. “University of Pittsburgh” in 1964.
 Libr aries are collections of books,  The first school of librarianship opened
manuscripts, journals, and other sources of at Columbia University under the leadership
information. of Melvil Dewey, on 5 January 1887 as the
 Library, traditionally, collection of books used ‘School of Library Economy’.
for reading or study, or the building or room  In the English speaking world the term “library
in which such a collection is kept. science” seems to have been used for the first
 Library science is the field of study that time in India in the 1916 book Punjab
teaches how to manage books and other Library Primer, wr itten by Asa Don
information, particularly through collecting, Dickinson and published by the University of
preserving, and organizing books and other the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
materials in libraries.  This university was the first in Asia to begin
 Library science is teaching “library science”.
an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field  The Punjab Library Primer was the first
that applies the practices, perspectives, and textbook on library science published in
tools of management, information English anywhere in the world.
technology, education, and other areas
 The first textbook in the United States was
to libraries; the collection, organization,
the Manual of Library Economy, published
preservation, and dissemination of
in 1929.
information.
 The word “Library Science” was coined by
Martin Schrettinger in 1808. Concepts/Forms of Library
 Later, the term “Library science” was widely (Traditional & Digital
used in the early 1928s by Dr. S. R. Library)
Ranganathan’s in the title “The Five Laws
 Due to digitizing the library resources and fast
of Library Science”, published in 1931, and
changing technology, a new type of library is
in the title of Lee Pierce Butler’s book, An
came in existence which is called- Digital ,
introduction to library science (University of
Electronic, virtual library, etc. Many of us are
Chicago Press), published in 1933.
always very much confused about such
 The first school for library science (School terminology of library – Digital, Electronic
of Library Economy) was founded by Melvil
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 3
and virtual library. URLs, which are available on a networks and
 Traditional library: Tr aditionally, accessible via internet. Digital and electronic
conventional libraries were collections of libraries can be virtual libraries if their
books, journals, manuscripts, and other existence or presence is only virtual or no
documentary sources of information. physical existence.
Collection of the traditional/conventional
libraries are generally in Documentary source, Some Important Oriental Libraries of
Printed Books, manuscripts, etc. and it India
provides physical access to reading material.
 Automated library: Automated library  Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library:
provides automatic services such as Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna
computerized or online acquisition, circulation was open for the public in October 1891 with
machine-readable catalog, computerized and 4000 Oriental manuscripts. Maulvi Khuda
OPAC are called as automated library and Bakhsh donated his entire collection to the
collection of automated libraries are same as nation by a deed of trust. Acknowledging the
traditional libraries, but the services offered immense historical and intellectual value of
by the automated libraries makes them better its rich and valued collection, the Govt. of
and effective services. India declared the Library as Institution of
National Importance by an act of
 Digital/ Electronics library: When
Parliament in 1969. The Library is now fully
automated libraries linked via computer
funded by the Ministry of Culture (Govt. of
network and provides downloading and
India). This autonomous institution is being
uploading information, online information
governed by a Board with the Governor of
delivery, and access of electronic journal, etc.,
Bihar as its ex-officio Chairman and Director
it is known as electronic library. The electronic
is carrying the responsibility of dayto-day
Medias are used for storage retrieval and
management of Library affairs.
delivery of information and the collections of
the electronic libraries are in both print and  Sarasvati Mahal Library: Sarasvati Mahal
electronic form. It is a later stage of electronic Library, Thanjavur is one among a few
library. Digital Libraries basically store of medieval libraries existing in the world
materials in electronic format and manipulate established by by the Nayak Kings of
large collection of those materials effectively. Thanjavur. It contains very rare and valuable
collections of manuscripts, books, maps and
 Hybrid library: Hybrid library means, those
paintings on all aspects of Art, Culture and
library which work in both digital and
Literature. The Encyclopedia Britannica in
traditional (print) environment and the
its survey of the Libraries of the world
collections in both print and electronic form,
mentions this as “the most remarkable
are known as hybrid library. Hybrid libraries
Library in India”. In 1918 this Library was
are combination of traditional and digital
made as a public Library. A body constituted
library. Print document is easy to handling and
by the Government and financed by the
reading and Digital document is easy to
Centr al and State Governments now
manage and retrieve. Due to digital divide
administers the library. The Govt. of India
some user cannot handle digital or electronic
declared the Library as Institution of
reading materials, so hybrid libraries are quit
National Importance by an act of
favorable among the users.
Parliament in 1983. This library contains the
 Virtual library: Virtual library may also be largest collection of manuscripts in India
called “the library without walls”, Virtual
 Raza Library, Rampur (UP): Rampur Raza
library are those library that are not in physical
Library, Rampur was founded by Nawab
presence, it may be a collection of links,
Faizullah Khan in 1774. It contains very rare
4 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
and valuable collection of manuscripts, Subject Index for Cataloguing and
historical documents, and rare illustrated Arranging the Books and Pamphlets” of a
works in Arabic and Persian languages. It was Library, known as the Dewey Decimal
brought under the management of a Trust till Classification. He came up with a system of
the Government of India took over the library decimal numbers used to classify a structure
on 1 July 1975 under the Act of Parliament, of knowledge first outlined by Sir Francis
which declared it as an institution of National Bacon.
importance. Now the Library occupies the
 Dewey founded the Lake Placid Club with
position of an autonomous institution of
his wife, Annie, in 1895.
national importance under Department of
Culture, Government of India and is fully
funded by Central Government. C A Cutter: At a glance

Melvil Dewey: At a glance  Cutter was born in Boston on March 14,

1837, the second son of Caleb and Hannah
 Melville Dewey (Melville Louis Kossuth Bigelow Cutter. His mother died a month
Dewey) was born in Adams Center, New York, later.
on 10 December 1851 and died on 26  In 1860, he took the first step in his lifelong
December 1931 in Lake Placid, Florida, USA. career in library science by joining the
 Dewey invented the Dewey Decimal Harvard College library staff as assistant
Classification (DDC) system when he was 21 to Dr. Ezra Abbott, the head cataloguer.
and working as a student assistant in the
library of Amherst College.  In 1868 the Boston Athenæum library
elected Cutter as its head librarian.
 Melvil Dewey well deserves the title of
“Father of Modern Librarianship and  In 1876, Cutter was hired by the United
“Father of Library Science in USA”. Dewey States Bureau of Education to help write a
changed librarianship to a modern profession. report about the state of libraries for the
 He helped establish the American Library Centennial. Part two of this report was
Association (ALA) in 1876; he was its his Rules for a Printed Dictionary
secretary from 1876 to 1890 and its president Catalogue (1876).
for the 1891 and 1893.  Cutter served as editor of Library Journal
 He also co-founded and edited ‘Library from 1891 to 1893.
Journal’. In 1877 Dewey moved to Boston,
 His most famous article was “The Buffalo
where, with R.R. Bowker and Frederick
Leypoldt, he founded and edited the Library
Public Library in 1983”.
Journal.  Cutter’s Expansive Classification was
 A pioneer in library education, Dewey became recognized as a significant contribution to
the librarian of Columbia College (now libraries and to the burgeoning field of
Columbia University) in New York City in library science.
1883 and founded the world’s first library  In 1868 Cutter was appointed librarian of
school (School of Library Economy) there the Boston Athenaeum.
in 1887.
 Cutter also wrote ‘Rules for a Dictionary
 In 1889, he became director of the New York
Catalogue’ in 1876. The first of its kind,
State Library in Albany, a position he held
until 1906. the book established his reputation in the
library world.
 In 1876 he published ”A Classification and
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 5
 His most ambitious project, the Expansive  He left for England in September 1925, to get
Classification scheme, was started in 1880 trained in librarianship and completed a six
and published in 1891. It was designed in month certificate course in library science.
seven stages, the first being for very small  On his return from London in 1925, he took
libraries and the seventh for the largest immediate steps to reorganize the University
ones. Library to attract more readers and classified
its contents on scientific basis.
 His system, which became known as the
 He wrote ‘Colon Classification’ in the year
Cutter number or “Cutter,” was an alpha-
1933, which is based on Hindu Philosophy.
numeric device for representing words or Colon Classification was published by
names by using one or more letters Madras library Association.
followed by one or more Arabic numerals
 He developed the concept of
treated as decimals. ‘Librametry’(1948) that is application of
statistics to Library Science.
Dr S. R. Rangnathan: At a glance  Ranganathan used two Pseudonym names in
his different two articles — ‘Arithmeticus’
 S. R. Ranganathan, who is known as “Father
and ‘Libra’ in article contributed to ‘Hindu’
of Library Science in India”, was the first
newspaper of Madras in 1931.
person one who identified the real need of
libraries and library science education in India.  He started the Library Science Department in
the year 1931 at Madras University.
 Title “Father of Library Science in India”
and “Prince among the librarrians” was  Because of Dr S.R. Ranganathan’s interest,
given by Maurice Gwyer (V.C. of Delhi Madras became the first state in our country
Unuversity) to enact the Madras Public Library Act (1948).
 Dr S. R. Ranganathan was born on August  Ranganathan persuaded the UNESCO to
12, 1892, to Ramamirtam Iyer and Sita establish the Documentation Centre in New
Lakshmi Ammal at Shiyali (present Sirkazhi). Delhi.
 India celebrates August 12 as ‘Librarians’  Ranganathan was later invited to Banaras
Day’ in his honour. University and Delhi University. He was a
Professor of Librar y Science in Delhi
 Ranganathan was born in Shiyali in Tanjavoor
University from 1947 to 1955.
District of Tamil Nadu.
 He was Chairman of the UGC Library
 Rukmini was his wife’s name. she died in an
Commission.
accident on 13 November 1928. Ranganathan
married again to Sarada in December 1929.  He started DRTC (Documentation Research
and Training Centre) in 1962 at Bangalore
 His primary education started at Sabhanayaka
(inaugurated by C. D. Deshmukh) to promote
Mudaliar’s Hindu High School in Shiyali. He
the research activities in the field of Library
took up his B.A. in 1913 at Madras Christian
Science.
College and later M.A. (Mathematics) at
Presidency College, Madras in 1916. His  Dr. Ranganathan received D. Litt Degree from
teaching career started with the Government the Delhi University in the year 1948 and
Arts College, Mangalore in 1917 and then he from the Pisttsburg University in the year
joined Presidency College in 1921. 1964, in recognition of unique service to
Library Science.
 In January 1924, Dr S. R. Ranganathan left
Presidency College and took charge of the  He was also the recipient of title ‘Rao Sahib’
Madras University Library as University in 1935 from the indian government and
Librarian. ‘Padmashri’ awar ds (1957) from the
Government of India.
6 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
 He founded the Sarada Ranganathan
Endowment for Library Science in 1963. Padma Shri Award recipients in
 He was also nominated as National Research Library Science
Professor of Library Science in 1965.
 Dr. S. R. Ranganathan: In recognition of his
 Dr S.R. Ranganathan formulated “Five Laws
great service to the nation, the Government
of Library Science” in 1928 at Minakshi
of India honoured him with Padma Shri in
college, Annamalainagar, published as book
1957.
in 1931 with a Foreword by Sir P.
S.Sivaswami Aiyer and an Introduction by  B. S. Kesavan (10 May 1909 - 16 February
W. C. Berwick Sayers and published by 2000): He was the first librarian of National
Madras Library Association. Library of India. He is also known as ‘Father
of Indian National Bibliography’ and
 Ranganathan was the Chairman of the
first Director of the Indian National
Classification Research Group of the
Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC)
International Federation for Documentation
at New Delhi. In recognition of his great
(FID) between 1950-62.
service to the nation, the Government of
 He wrote sixty books and almost 2000 articles. India honoured him with Padma Shri in 1960.
 A Librarian Looks Back: An  Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya (24 July 1890
Autobiography of S.R. Ranganathan – 1979): Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya was
published in 1992, edited by Prof. P. N. Kaula born in Konkuduru village, East Godavari
and published by (publisher) ABC Publishing
district, Andhra Pradesh. Iyyanki Venkata
House.
Ramanayya has been called the “Architect
 In 1962 SRR proposed using of Public Library Movement in India”. He
a ‘Librachine’ which used a motor van
established the First State Library Association
instead of bullock cart; having a professional
in India – “Andhra Desa Library Association”
librarian and circulation librarian to access
in 1914. He contributed to the foundation of
remote areas. He also used term ‘Library on
Wheel’ for mobile library. the Madras Library Association (1928) and
the All India Public Library Association
 He founded ILA in 1933.
(1919) at the national level. He was honoured
 He was engaged in research and writing in with the award of “Granthalaya Pitamaha”
Zürich from 1954-57. by the Maharajah of Baroda. The Government
 He was the Chairman of Documentation of India honoured him with the
(Sectional) Committee of the Indian Standards Padmashri award in 1972.
Institution, New Delhi from 1947-66.
 S. Bashiruddin: S. Bashiruddin was the
 In 1970, he received the Margaret Mann Librarian of Aligarh Muslim University. He
award from the American Library Association
was the architect of Maunala Azad Library,
(ALA).
Aligarh Muslim University. The Government
 In 1976, FID established the Ranganathan of India honoured him with
awar d in his memor y for outstanding
the Padmashri award in 1976.
contribution in the field of classification.
 Prof. P. N. Kaula (Prithvi Nath Kaula): P. N.
 Government of India, released a Postal Stamp
Kaula was born in 1924 in Srinagar, Jammu
in S. R. Ranganathan honour at the Official
Opening of IFLA General Conference on and Kashmir. He started his career as a
30 August 1992. Librarian in DAV College at his native place.
In 1947 he was appointed as librarian in Birla
 He died on Sept. 27, 1972.
Education Trust, Pilani. He later on became
the Librarian at Central Library, BHU, Head
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 7
of Department of Library and Information (Patna) was established. Maulvi Muhammod
Science, BHU and the Dean of Faculty of Baksh Khan and in 1891, the library was
Arts in the Banaras Hindu University. He opened to the public.
established the “Prof. Kaula Endowment for  The imperial library was also established
Library and Information Science” formed at Calcutta in 1891. Lord Curzon, the viceroy
on 13th March, 1975 and its Head Office is at of India promulgated the imperial library act,
Guntur (Andhra Pradesh). The Government which is based on Registration of books act
of India honoured him with of 1867.
the Padmashri award in 2004.  Library association also played a vital role in
the progress and development of library
movement in India. T he Andhra Desa
Library movement in India Library Association, founded in 1914, is the
first of its kind in India. It started the first
 The library of Nalanda, known as ”Dharma full fledged professional periodical in 1925
Gunj”, was the most renowned repository of under the title “Indian Library Journal”.
Buddhist knowledge in the world at the time. Bengal Library Association (1925), Madras
Its collection was said to comprise hundreds Library Association (1928), Punjab Library
of thousands of volumes, so extensive that it Association (1929), Assam Library
burned for months when set aflame by Muslim Association (Sadau Assam Puthibharal Sanga)
invaders. The library had three main buildings (1938), etc. played vital roles for the growth
as high as nine stories and development of public libraries in the
t a ll, R at na s ag ara, R at naranj aka & respective states of origin.
Ratnodadhi.  By S. R. Ranganathan’s effort Indian Library
Nalanda was sacked by Tur kic Association was set up in 1933 in its present
Musliminvaders under Bakhtiyar Khalji in form with its head quarter in
1193. The great library of Nalanda University Calcutta (Kolkata).
was so vast that it is reported to have burned  The Advisory Committee for Libraries as
for three months after the Mughals set fire to constituted in 1957 by the Government of
it, sacked and destroyed the monasteries, and India, with K P Sinha as the Chairman. The
drove the monks from the site. Committee submitted its report in 1959 with
 The genesis of the Public Library Movement a drafted Model Library Bill.
in India may well be traced with the advent of  The Planning Commission constituted a
British rule. The year 1808 is considered an Working Group on Public Libraries in 1964
important period during which the then and the Commission submitted its report in
government of Bombay initiated a proposal to 1965 with a Model Public Libraries Act.
register libraries which were to be given
 Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation, an
copies of books published from “funds for the
autonomous body under the Department of
encouragement of literature”. This has been
Culture, Ministry of Education (now ministry
the first attempt to register the libraries and
oy culture), was established in May, 1972.
assist them with literature by the government.
 A Working Group on Modernization of
 In August 1836, the Calcutta public library
Libr ary Ser vices and Informatics was
was established.
appointed by the Planning Commission in
 In 1867, the Government of India enacted the 1983 and submitted its report in 1984 with
“Press and Registration of Books Act” the formulation of National Policy on Library
under which the publisher of a book was Services and Informatics.
supposed to deliver free.
 Delhi Public Library became a copyright
 In 1876, Khuda Baksh Oriental public library library in 1982.
8 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
 National Literacy Mission was adopted in (Connemara Public 35 Library) and Bombay
1986, which emphasized education for women (Asiatic Library). Delhi Public Library
and also establishment of rural libraries. became a copyright library in 1982. (Now
Library networks and systems were every Indian publisher should send free of cost
strengthened at the national level institutions one copy of each of its publications to four
in the development of literature in neoliterates. libraries in Calcutta (National Library),
 The Government of India, Department of Madras (Connemara Public 35 Library),
Culture, appointed a Committee on National Bombay (Asiatic Library) and Delhi (Delhi
Policy on Library and Information System Public Library).
(CONPOLIS) in 1985.  During the Second Five Year Plan (1956-61),
 The National Policy on Education, 1986 states a sum of Rs. 140 lakhs was spent by the
that a nationwide movement for improvement Central Government for Public library
of existing libraries and the establishment of development.
new ones will be taken up, provision will be  During the Second Five Year Plan,
made in all educational institutions for library Government of India, set up an Advisory
facilities, and the status of librarianship Committee for libraries (1957) under the
improved. Chairmanship of Shri K.P.Sinha.
 The National Book Policy, 1986 also had an  During Third Five Year Plan, the Planning
impact on libraries, that 10 percent of the Commission (India) appointed the working
annual education budget of the governments Group on Libraries in June, 1964.
be used to purchase books for libraries.  During the Fourth Plan Period (1969-74) the
 Rural libraries should become the focal point Government of India took a highly laudable
for postliteracy and continuing educational step by establishing Raja Rammohan Roy
programs. Publishers, voluntary organizations, Library Foundation in Calcutta in 1972.
and school library programs undertaken as part  During the 12th five year plan, the Ministry
of the “Operation Blackboard Scheme” of of Culture has approved Rs 400 crore for the
the National Education Policy on Education, scheme ‘National Mission on Libraries – Up-
1986 were given assistance. gradation of Libraries – Providing Services
Progress under Five Year Plans to the Public’
 First Five Year Plan: During the First Five Year Committees & Commissions
Plan (1951-56), the Government paid attention  Hunter Education Commission (1882):
towards the improvement of Public library Hunter Education Commission was appointed
services along with the Community by Lord Ripon. This commission, headed by
Development Programme. It was proposed Sir William Wilson Hunter, had submitted its
under this plan to set up a National Central report in 1882.
Library and one Central Library in each
 Indian University Commission (1902):
state.
The Indian Universities Commission was
 First Five Year Plan: Delhi Public Library appointed in 1902 by Lord Curzon which
(1951) and Indian National Scientific was intended to make recommendations for
Documentation Centre (1952) were set up reforms in University education in India.
during the First Five Year Plan Period.
 Sadler Commission/ Culcutta University
 The Delivery of Books Act was passed in Commission (1917): In September 1917 the
1954. Later it was amended in 1956. The Act Government of India had appointed a
prescribed that every Indian publisher should commission presided over by Michael Sadler
send free of cost one copy of each of its and constituted of distinguished educationists
publications to each of the three libraries in of England and of India to report on the
Calcutta (National Library), Madras working of the universities in general and of
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 9
the Calcutta University in particular. The of books and serials to facilitate cooperation
Commission had presented its report to the among libraries, library education and library
Government on 18 March, 1919. building and furniture. The committee also
 Richey Committee (1926): Richey suggested to appointing another committee
committee recommended that the Imperial to look into the standards of teaching,
Library should be declared as a copyright
 In post independent era, various efforts
depository Library.
were made to improve the standard of
 Ranganathan Committee on Library and higher education. A University Education
Collage Libraries (1957-59): Commission, setup by the Government of
 Dr. C.D. Deshmukh, the first chairman of India, under the chairmanship of Dr. S.
UGC while drawing an analogy between a Radhakrishnan to improve the quality of
University and the human body, remarked that higher education of the country and after
the student from the body of the university, recommendation of this committee, the UGC
the administration is the head, the teachers are was established in December 1953. It was
the soul and Library is the Heart. It aim was made a statuary body in November 1956 by
to develop institutions of higher learning and an act of Parliament to maintain the standards
to strengthen library facilities in Universities. of Higher Education in India and it has been
One of the first acts of the UGC in this functioning as an autonomous advisory
regards was to appoint the Library organization since its inception.post
Committee in 1957under the chairmanship independent era, various efforts were made
of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan. It is popularly to improve the standard of higher education.
known as “Ranganathan Committee”. Report A University Education Commission, setup
of this committee was published by UGC in by the Government of India, under the
the year 1965 under the titled-”University chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan to
and Collage Libraries”. Since then, this improve the quality of higher education of the
document has been serving as bible in the country and after recommendation of this
matters relating to the Indian university & committee, the UGC was established in
collage libraries. It was for first time that December 1953. It was made a statuary body
the Government of India has sought advice in November 1956 by an act of Parliament to
from professional librarians. The committee maintain the standards of Higher Education
systematically surveyed the academic in India and it has been functioning as an
libraries and was very much disappointed autonomous advisory organization since its
to find poor facilities, services and inception University Education Commission,
inadequate budget for University Libraries. setup by the Government of India, under
 The committee submitted its report in 1959 the chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
making concrete recommendations on to improve the quality of higher education of
several aspect viz. Library grants, purchase the country and after recommendation of this
of books, cultivating reading habits, facilities committee, the UGC was established in
for inter library loan, photocopying, December 1953. It was made a statuary body
reference & documentation services, in November 1956 by an act of Parliament to
building of microfilm collections, open maintain the standards of Higher Education
access system, preparation of union catalogues in India and it has been functioning as an
autonomous advisory organization since its
10 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
inception.  Advisory Committee or Sinha Committee
 Radhakrishanan Commission (1948) : A (1957): During the Second Five Year Plan,
University Education Commission, setup by Government of India, set up an Advisory
the Government of India, under the Committee for public libraries in 1957 under
chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan to the Chairmanship of Shri K.P.Sinha and report
improve the quality of higher education of the submitted in 1959.
country and after recommendation of this  Working Group on Libraries (1964) :
committee, the UGC was established in During Third Five Year Plan, the Planning
December 1953. It was made a statuary body Commission (India) appointed the working
in November 1956. University Education Group on Libraries in June, 1964. Planning
Commission recommended 6.25% of total Commission constituted a Working Group on
university budget be spent on the university Public Libraries in 1964 and the Commission
library. Radhakrishanan Commission stated submitted its report in 1965 with a Model
that “the library is the heart of all Public Libraries Act.
the university’s work”  Kothari Commission (1964): The Education
 Ranganathan Committee (1957): Dr. C.D. Commission under the Chairmanship of Dr.
Deshmukh, the first chairman of UGC while D. S. Kothari (1964-66) was a landmark in
drawing an analogy between a University and the history of university libraries in India. The
the human body, remarked that the student Commission recommended that a university
from the body of the university, the should spend 6.5% to 10% of its total budget
administration is the head, the teachers are the on its libr ary depending on stage of
soul and Library is the Heart. It aim was to development.
develop institutions of higher learning and to  Ranganathan Committee on Library
strengthen library facilities in Universities. Science Education (1961): Review
One of the first acts of the UGC in this committee on library science was appointed
regards was to appoint the Library in 1961 under the chairmanship of Dr. S.R.
Committee in 1957 under the chairmanship Ranganathan on the recommendation of UGC
of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan. The Report was library committee of 1957. The report was
published by the University Gr ants published by the UGC in the year 1965
Commission in 1959 entitled ‘University and under the caption-”Library Science in Indian
College Libraries.’ It was perhaps the first Universities” with forwarded note of Dr. D.K.
attempt by any Library Committee in India to Kothari, the chairman of UGC.
systematically survey the academic libraries
 Kaula Committee on Curriculum
on a national basis, and it was also the first
Development in LIS Education (1990): In
time that the government of India had decided
September 1990, the curriculum development
to seek advice from professional librarians
committee (CDC) on Library and Information
regarding academic libraries. The committee
Science was constituted under the
suggested, a university should spend each year
chairmanship of Prof. P.N. Kaula. The report
about Rs.25 per student registered and Rs.300
of the committee was published by the UGC
per teacher (of the total budget) depending on
in the year 1992 under the title-”Report of
the stage of development of each university
the Curriculum Development Committee on
library.”
Library and Information Science.
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 11
 Committee on National Network System Library and Information Science is to “provide
(1988): UGC constituted a Committee on a framework for properly planned and co-
National Network System under the coordinated development of library and
information structure in a country, resulting
Chairmanship of Prof. Yash Pal in 1988. the
thereby in an enhanced and user-oriented
Committee decided to constitute a Working information services to its user population”.
Group to pr epare a project repor t on
 The need for the formulation of National
‘Information and Libr ary Network’ Policy on Library and Information Systems
(INFLIBNET). (NAPLIS) was brought to the notice of the
 Rastogi Committee (1997): The UGC Government of India by Indian library
appointed a Committee in 1997 under the profession since 1950s by Dr.
Chairmanship of Prof.R.P.Rastogi to consider S.R.Ranganathan and in the recommendations
the revision of pay scales and career of the Library Advisory Committee Report,
advancement of the academic staff of the 1958. Afterwards, professional organizations,
universities and colleges. On the like RRRLF, NISSAT and National Library
recommendations of the Rastogi Committee, urged upon the Government the necessity of
the Ministr y of Human Resource enunciating such policy.
Development announced the revised pay  The matter was discussed in the annual
scales of the teachers, librarians and physical conference of IASLIC in 1979 at Roorkee and
instructors. ILA in 1984 at Jaipur. Consequently, Indian
 Mehrotra Committee (1983): The UGC Library Association submitted a draft policy
appointed a Committee on December 24, 1983 statement to the Government in 1985. The
under the Chairmanship of Professor Planning Commission Working Group in its
R.C.Mehrotra to consider the revision of pay report Modernization of Library Services and
scales, career/professional development and Informatics for the 7th Five-Year Plan (1985-
service conditions of teachers in the 1990) emphasized the need of such policy.
universities and colleges. The Committee  The Raja Rammohun Roy Foundation, after
submitted the report on revision of pay scales nine years of its inception, took up the task in
of Librarians to the UGC on September 3, 1981 and after careful deliberations submitted
1986. a Draft National policy on Library and
 Karisiddappa Committee on Curriculum Information Systems to the government in
Development in LIS education (1997-2001): July 1984.
The UGC constituted subject panels in  On the basis of the draft policy submitted by
different disciplines including Library and the Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation
Information Science (LIS) in April 1997 and Indian Library Association, the
with Prof. C.R. Karisiddappa as its Government of India, Ministry of Human
convener to formulate model curriculum and resources Development, Department of
prepare the status report with modifications Culture, set up a Committee (CONPOLIS)
of exiting guidelines where necessary. The in October 1985 under the Chairmanship of
panel suggested integrated approach to LIS Professor D.P.Chattopadhyaya for the 72
education with a two year master’s degree formulation of a National Policy on Library
curriculum giving freedom to individual and Information Systems and the final report
university to opt for one year BLIS & MLIS was submitted in May 1986.
model.
National Policy on Library and Information National Knowledge Commission, 2005
System (CONPOLIS), 1985  National Knowledge Commission was set up
 According to P.B.Mangla, National Policy on by the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan
12 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
Singh to prepare a blueprint to tap into the ‘conserving the past for the future’. It has
enormous reservoir of our knowledge base so emerged as a movement, undoubtedly the most
that our people can confidently face popular and effective among all the heritage
challenges of the 21st. conservation initiatives in the country.
 The Commission headed by Mr. Sam Pitroda National Mission on Library, 2012
as its Chairman and there are other 5(five)  National Mission on Libraries has been set
members, who are renowned persons in up by Ministry of Culture, Government of
different fields of knowledge. It is a high-level India on 4th May, 2012 in pursuance of
advisory body to the Prime Minister of India, National Knowledge Commission
with a mandate to guide policy and generate recommendations for sustained attention for
reforms. The Commission is the world’s first development of Libraries and Information
body of its kind. Science Sector. The Ministry of Culture has
 It was constituted on 13 June 2005, by approved Rs 400 crore for the scheme
the Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan ‘National Mission on Libraries – Upgradation
Singh. of Libraries – Providing Services to the Public’
 National Knowledge Commission submit its in the 12th five year plan.
final Report to the Nation in 2009 and title of  National Mission on Libraries (NML) was
the report is “Libraries: Gateway to launched in 2014 by Pr esident Pranab
Knowledge” Mukherjee at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New
 As of July, 2014, the National Knowledge Delhi.
Commission is defunct as the incoming Modi  The major components under the National
government, elected in the summer of 2014, Mission on Libraries (NML), creation of
discontinued it. National Virtual Library of India (NVLI),
National Mission for Manuscripts (NAMAMI), setting up of NML model librar ies,
2003 quantitative and qualitative survey of libraries
and capacity building have been incorporated.
 The National Mission for Manuscripts was
established in February 2003, by the Ministry  National Mission on Libraries consists of four
of Tourism and Culture, Government of India. components:-
A unique project in its programme and (i) Creation of National Virtual Library of
mandate, the Mission seeks to unearth and India (NVLI): The purpose of National
preserve the vast manuscript wealth of India. Virtual Library of India is to facilitate a
 The Mission has the mandate of identifying, comprehensive database on digital resources
documenting, conserving and making on information about India and on information
accessible the manuscript heritage of India. generated in India, in an open access
We see a national effort in the form of a environment.
mission for manuscripts as a logical, radical (ii) Setting up of NML Model Libraries: The
and urgent response to a very contemporary setting up on NML Model Libraries would
challenge- of reclaiming the inheritance develop 6 Libraries under Ministry of Culture
contained in manuscripts, often in a poor state (Delhi Public Library, Delhi; Khuda Bakhsh
of preservation. Oriental Public Library, Patna; National
 National Mission for Manuscripts is a Library, Kolkata; Central Secretariat Library;
National level comprehensive initiative which Rampur Raza Library, Uttar Pradesh and
caters to the need of conserving manuscripts Thanjavur Maharaja Serfoji’s Saraswati
and disseminating knowledge contained Mahal Library, Tamil Nadu), 35 State Central
therein. Libraries and 35 District Libraries with
particular emphasis on economically
 NMM is working towards fulfilling its motto,
backward districts, as model Libraries. In
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 13
addition, 629 district libraries across the states as practice; as a body of techniques evolved
would be provided network connectivity. from certain adhoc assumptions about how
(iii) Quantitative & Qualitative Survey of people use books”.
Libraries: The Quantitative & Qualitative  The first school for library science (School of
Survey of Libraries would be undertaken to Library Economy) was founded by Melvil
prepare a baseline data of libraries in India Dewey at Columbia College (now Columbia
through a survey of 5000 Libraries. University) in 1887.
(iv) Capacity Building: The Capacity Building  Librarianship is the discipline and profession
would be undertaken to enhance the that is concerned with helping individuals
professional competence of library personnel. obtain reliable information to increase their
Committees/Commissi Chairman knowledge in all spheres of their lives from
ons the cumulated information store of mankind.
Library Committee Dr. S. R. Ranganathan  Librarianship is a bridge between two entities;
Review Committee on Dr. S. R. Ranganathan
people and information. Librarians consider
Library Science
Education Commission Prof. D. S. Kothari who may need this bridge, when and where a
Mehrotra Committee R. C. Mehrotra bridge is needed, how it is to be built, how it
Committee on National Yash Pal can be best utilized. We are the planner,
Network System for architect, builder, and marketer of bridges.
University Libraries
 Librarianship is a profession. Service of
National Library & D. P. Chatoppadhyay
Information Policy mankind is its motto. It is not a business and
(NAPLIS)/ CONPOLIS those who entertain mercenary outlook and
Curriculum Prof. P. N. Kaula habits may not be fit for this emulated
Development profession. The worth ‘ethics’ is derived from
Committee on Library ethics which means custom or character.
and Information
Science  Ethics of librarianship, an essential element
UGC Model Dr. C.R.Karisiddappa of library profession, denotes the conduct and
Curriculum: Library behaviours of those who adopt the profession.
and Information A librarian is called the friend, philosopher
Science and guide of the uninitiated and the scholar
National Knowledge Sam Pitroda alike.
Commission
National Mission on --  As a duty of librarian, he should follow the
Libraries(NML) second law of library science. It means
librarian should try to provide necessary
materials to the users.
Library and Information Profession/  According to R. L. Mittal, Seven lamps of the
Seven lamps of professional Ethics professional ethics of librarianship are as
follow:
 The primary purpose of LIS profession is to (i) Impersonal book selection: Librarian
provide access to information pertinent to user should selects the book as per the
request with great speed and thus, achieve user 3demand of the students, teachers or
satisfaction. Hence it is service based. scholars. Biasness is not fit for this
Keeping this basic purpose in view many LIS profession. He should expend the every
scientists define the LIS profession amount of the budget for the necessary
(librarianship) in different ways. In essence it books not for others.
is the science and art of managing libraries.
(ii) Service before self: He/she should
 P.N. Kaula defines “Librarianship developed serve the users community with full
14 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
effort. His motto is to serve the users Librarian of Panjab University, Lahore
first then to think about himself/herself. (now Pakistan) during 1915–1916.
(iii) Split mind: Library professional’s mind
should be broad.  The Andhra Desa Library Association
(founded in 1914) started conducting “training
(iv) Sympathetic behaviour: Library
professionals should behave politely classes for the libr ary workers”
and sympathetically to attract the users at Vijayawadain 1920.
in the library. T his is the age of  In 1920, a course for the training of librarians
Information and Communication was conducted at Bangalor e under the
Technology (ICT), if the librarian/
“program of library development” initiated by
library professionals behave harshly/
badly then users will depend more on the Dewan of Mysore M. Visweswaraya.
Internet rather than using library.  The Madras Library Association also
(v) Tact: Librarians/library professionals organized a regular certificate course in library
should act tactfully to manage the science from 1929. T hen in 1931,
changed situation of automated library University of Madras took up the training
and information service.
course of MALA in 1931 and started offering
(vi) Industries: Librarians should be the course on a regular basis.
engaged to serve each and every need
of the users.  Andhra University started a certificate course
in 1935.
(vii) Scholarship: Libr arians should
maintain the high level of information  The Imperial library, Calcutta started a
service to satisfy all types of users. training class under the supervision of its
librarian K. M. Asudulah in 1935. It was a
Library and Information Science full time r egular Diploma course in
Education in India libr arianship at the Imperial Library,
Calcutta (now National Library, Kolkata). It
 In 1910, Siyaji Rao Gaikwad-III, the ruler of continued till 1946.
Baroda state called the American librarian W.  University of Madras, in 1937, introduced a
A. Borden (1853-1931), a disciple of Melvil one year Post Graduate Diploma course in
Dewey to create a cadre of men for the newly place of the certificate course of three month
established libraries in the state library system. duration. This was the first P G Diploma in
In 1911, he initiated the first training school library science in India.
in library education in India.  The second university to start a post graduate
 In 1912, the Punjab University called diploma cour se was the Banaras
another librarian Don Dickinson (1876–1960) Hindu University in 1942.
from USA. He started the second educational  In 1947, Aligarh Muslim University started
course of three month duration in library Bachelor of Library Science Course for the
science in the year 1915. first time in the country.
 University of Delhi was the first university to
 This happens to be the first university course
establish a full fledged Department of
in Asia.
Library Science in 1946.
 Mr. Asa Don Dickinson later become the  University of Delhi also instituted the first
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 15
post diploma degree course in 1948. In 1949, guidance of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan in 1957.
the structure was changed. The programme of  In 1977, Panjab University, Chandigarh
Master of Library Science was introduced offered the second Ph.D.
as a two year course with the first year leading
 In 1992, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar
to Bachelor of Library Science.
awarded first D.Litt. to Dr. B. B. Shukla. It
 In 1962, Dr. S. R. Ranganathan established claimed to be the first such degree in library
Documentation Research and Training Centre science all over the world.
at Bangalore. Previously DRTC courses were
 Dr. Ranganathan received D. Litt Degree
of 14 month duration which was later on
from the Delhi (1948) and Pisttsburg
moved to two years programme.
Universities (1964), in recognition of unique
 INSDOC conducted a short term course for service to Library Science.
Asian Document lists in 1963. In 1964, it
 The first doctoral thesis accepted by the
started a one year post graduate course in
London School of Economics on a core
Documentation and Reprography leading to
Library Science subject in 1935. The title of
“Associateship in Documentation and
the thesis was “The public library service
Reprography”. under English local government”
 In 2010, University of Calcutta introduces five
year integr ated course in Library & Courses University/Institutions Year
Information Science and thus becomes the first Refresher Course Barodha 1911
university to launch such course in LIS Diploma Punjab University 1915
domain. PG Diploma Madras University 1937
 University of Delhi was the first to introduce BLIS Aligarh Muslim University 1947
M. Phil programme in Library and MLIS Delhi University 1949
Information Science in 1978. M.Phil. Delhi University 1978
 University of Delhi was the first to introduce Ph.D. Delhi University 1951
Ph.D. programme in Library and Information
Science in 1951. The credit for introducing  Library Cess: S.R.Ranganathan advocated
the provision of library cess (membership fee).
the doctoral degree programme in library
According to Advisory Committee report:
science in India goes to Dr. S. R. Ranganathan. only a cess can provide a stable base of library
 The university offered first doctoral degree finance. It can give the library administrators
in Library science to D. B. Krishan Rao for some solid grounds from which they can plan
ahead without fear of mishap the following
his “Facet Analysis and Depth
year or year later.
Classification of Agriculture” under the
16 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science

Reference Sources & further readings

1. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Library_science
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_science
3. http://www.isibang.ac.in/~library/portal/Pages/SRRBIO.pdf
4. https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvil_Dewey
6. https://www.oclc.org/en/dewey/resources/biography.html
7. https://www.biography.com/people/melvil-dewey-9273516

8. https://forbeslibrary.org/info/library-history/charles-ammi-cutter/
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ammi_Cutter

10. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9309/9/09_chapter%201.pdf/)

11. http://www.nmlindia.nic.in/
12. https://www.namami.gov.in/
13. https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-Prithvi-Nath-Kaula/6000000012565993168 erma, Manoj Kumar and Singh,
S.N. (2010). Role of Commissions and Committees in Library Education. erma, Manoj Kumar and Singh, S.N.
(2010). Role of Commissions and Committees in Library Education.
14. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327281037_Role_ of_Commissions_ and_ Committees_in_ Library_
Education (Verma Manoj Kumar & Singh, S. N.)
15. http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/11271/ 1/Unit-2.pdf
16. http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/35267/5/BLI-221-B4.pdf
17. http://newonlinelibrary.blogspot.com/.../seven-lamps-of-con
18. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/55327/12/12_chapter%203.pdf
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A Complete Self-Study Guide to the
Library and Information
Professional Examination

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Dedicated to
The memories of my late mother
PREFACE

“Library and Information Science (LIS)’ as it reflects by its name that subject requires
systematic and even study. Library science is one of the emerging subject of present scenario. It
contain ample of possibilities in itself. All the students who are vigorously preparing for NTA
UGC-NET/ SET/ KVS/ NVS/ RSSB/ DSSSB/ LPA and other Librarian and Information Professional
Competitive Exam is the target reader of this book. Most of the matters of this book is compiled
from various authentic sources of information (printed & electronic), study materials (IGNOU,
LPU, NIOS, etc.) and educational website (Egyankosh, Epgpathshala, Sodhganga, swayam, etc), it
can satisfy all your needs related to library and Information Competitive Exam. This book contains
a conceptual approach to library and information science with previous years solved papers of
various librarian and information professional competitive exams.

The student always likes to study books only having objective questions but the lack of
theoretical/conceptual knowledge produce lots of hickups while facing the competitive exams. So
taking these problems in mind, I have designed the book which is having conceptual approach to
Library and Information Science for the betterment of students, who are appearing for different
competitive exams like NTA UGC-NET/SLET, KVS, NVS, DSSSB, RSMSSB, LPA, etc.

We would like to extend our warm gratitude and thanks to all Library and Information
professionals and teachers, who help us in convert the idea into vision. No acknowledgement can
be completed without mentioning our warm gratitude to each one of the previous authors, whose
document (Research report/ Paper/ Article/ Book Chapters/ Blogs, etc.) have been partially used in
this book with reference, Students can use these references for further reading. I would like to
extend my warm gratitude and thanks to all family, friends, library professionals and teachers, who
put a stone in build the bridge to knowledge. And lastly, I believe that this book is blessing of god.
God make me able enough that I can write for beginners and future library professionals of our
country.

—Dr. Amit Kishore

CONTENTS
UNIT Page No.
Unit–I Foundation of Library and Information Science 1-52
Chp-1 : Historical Development of Libraries in India; Committees and 2
Commissions on Libraries in India
• Library and Information Science
• Concepts/Forms of Library (Traditional & Digital Library)
• Some Important Oriental Libraries of India
• Melvil Dewey: At a glance
• C A Cutter: At a glance
• Dr S. R. Rangnathan: At a glance
• Padma Shri Award recipients in Library Science
• Library movement in India
• Library and Information Profession/ Seven lamps of professional Ethics
• Library and Information Science Education in India
Chp-2 : Types of Libraries 17
• National Library of India • Public Library
• Academic Library • University Library
• Special Library
Chp-3 : Library Legislation and Library Acts 21
• Library Legislation in India
• The Press and Registration of Books Act; 1867
• The Delivery of Books and Newspapers (Public Libraries) Act., 1954
Chp-4 : Laws of Library Science 27
Chp-5 : Library Associations & Promoters 30
• National Library Associations
• State Level Library Associations
• International Library Associations
• Role of UGC, RRRLF and UNESCO in Promotion and Development of Libraries
• UGC for Academic Library
Chp-6 : Library Public Relations and Extension Activities 41
Chp-7 : User Studies & User Education 44
• Library User • Library Orientation
• User Education
Chp-8 : Information Literacy 49
• Standards for Information Literacy
• Information Literacy Models
• Seven Faces of Information Literacy
Unit–II Knowledge Organisation & Information Retrieval 53-108
Chp-1 : Universe of Knowledge and Modes of Formation of Subjects 54
• Universe of Knowledge/Subject
• Mapping the Universe of Knowledge in Classifications scheme
• Main Classes of CC • Structure of Subject
• Modes of Formation of Subjects
Chp-2 : Library Classification: Canons and Principles 62
• Library Classification
• Purpose and Objective of Library Classification
• Components of Library Classification
• Theory of Library Classification
• Canons of Classification
• Library Classification Research Group and Organizations
• Recent Developments in classification
Chp-3 : Library Classification Schemes: DDC, UDC & CC 69
• Major Schemes of Library Classification
• Species of Library Classification
• Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
• Colon Classification (CC)
• Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)
• Types of Devices in Classification Scheme
Chp-4 : Information Processing & Retrieval (Library Cataloguing) 81
• Purpose and objectives of library catalogue
• Inner forms/Types of Library Catalogue
• Bibliographic Records/Standards
• Metadata Standards
• CIP (Cataloguing in Publication) and Prenatal cataloguing
Chp-5 : Principles and Canons of Cataloguing 93
• Development of Normative Principles of Cataloguing
• Canons of Cataloguing • Basic Laws of Cataloguing
• Principles of Cataloguing
Chp-6 : Library Cataloguing Codes: CCC and AACR-II 96
• Entry and its Types
• Entry According to CCC
• Entry According to AACR-2
Chp-7 : Subject Headings and Indexing System 100
• Pre-Coordinate Indexing System
• Post-Coordinate Indexing • Vocabulary Control
Chp-8 : Information Storage and Retrieval System 106
• Models of Information Retrieval System
• Search Tools
• Evaluation of IRS
Unit–III Library and Information Centers Management 109-150
Chp-1 : Management : Principles, Functions and Schools of thought 110
• Management: Concepts and Definitions
• Fayol’s Principles of Management (14 Principles)
• Functions/Elements of Management (POSDCORB)
• Major Schools of Management Thought
Chp-2 : Human Resource Management 116
• Human Resource Management
• Recruitment and Selection (Staffing)
• Job Analysis
Chp-3 : Management Techniques & Systems 120
• TQM: Total Quality Management
• Management Information System: MIS
• MBO: Management by Objective • Six Sigma(s)
• SWOT Analysis
• Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
• Critical path method (CPM)
Chp-4 : Library and Information Centers Management 126
• Collection Development
• Tools for Book selection • Principles of Book Selection
• Selection of Periodicals and Serials
• Library Building and Furniture’s - Standards and Guidelines
• Sections of Library • Circulation Section
• RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
• Classification of Documents • Accession Register
• Stock verification • Weeding Out/Write off
• Preservation and Conservation work
• Binding work • Management of Periodicals
• ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
• CODEN • Annual Reports & Statistics
• Library Authority and Committee
Chp-5 : Financial Management & Marketing 145
• Library Finance and Budget
• Library Finance and Budget
• Cost Effectiveness and Cost Benefit Analysis
• Marketing of Library and Information Products and Services
Unit–IV Information Sources & Services 151-180
Chp-1 : Sources of Information 152
• Classification of Information Sources by Information Characteristics
• Sources of Information
Chp-2 : Reference and Information Services 165
• Reference service
• Alerting Services: CAS & SDI Current Awareness Services (CAS)
Chp-3 : Mobile based Library Services and Tools 172
• Mobile Technology • Mobile Library Services
• Mobile Web Sites
• Creating Mobile Web Sites, OPACs and Applications
• Mobile Apps For Information Professionals
Chp-4 : Web 2.0 Based Library Services 176
• Web 2.0 • Library 2.0
• Basic Characteristics Of Library 2.0
• Application of Web 2.0/Library 2.0 tools
• Social Networking
Unit–V Information Systems and Networks 181-204
Chp-1 : National Information Systems and Networks 182
• Information System
• NISCAIR (National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources)
• Environmental Information System (ENVIS)
• Biotechnology Information System Networ (BTISNET)
• NISSAT (National Information System for Science and Technology)
• National Informatics Centre (NIC)/ NICNET
• Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)
• National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC)
• National Knowledge Network (NKN)
• Patent Information System (PIS), Nagpur (India)
• Biotechnology Information System Network (BTISNET)
Chp-2 : International Information Systems and Networks 192
• Agricultural Information System (AGRIS)
• INIS (The International Nuclear Information System)
• MEDLARS • INFOTERRA
• CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE (CAS)
• BIOSIS
• EVINSA (The Development Information Network for South Asia)
• POPLINE (Population information Online)
Chp-3 : Library Resource Sharing & Networks 197
• Resource sharing • Library Network
• INFLIBNET • DELNET (Developing Library Network)
• Library Consortia
Unit–VI Information Communication Technology 205-236
Chp-1 : Fundamentals of Computer Technology 206
• Classification of Computers
• Architecture of Computer: Hardware and Software
• Computer Hardware • Input devices
• Output Devices • Memory Unit
• Computer Software • Operating system(OS)
• Computer Language
Chp-2 : Communication Technology 224
• Communication System • Computer Network
Chp-3 : Internet and its applications 229
• World Wide Web (WWW) • Internet Protocols
• Hypertext & Multimedia • Virtual Reality
Unit–VII Library Automation & Digital Library 237-272
Chp-1 : Library Automation 238
• Areas of Automation
• Open Source Library Automation Software
Chp-2 : Digital Library System 243
• Digital Library • Virtual Library: Concept and Definition
• Digitization • Content Management System
• Digital library initiatives • Institutional Repository
Chp-3 : Modern Trends in Library and Information Science 257
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
• Database • Boolean Search
• E- Resources (E-Journals / E-Books/ Online Databases)
• Data Mining & Data warehouse
• Open Source Discovery Tools • Artificial Intelligence
• Digital Divide • Metadata
Unit–VIII Information Communication & Knowledge Management 273-295
Chp-1 : Data, Information and Knowledge 274
• Data • Information
• Knowledge
Chp-2 : Information Communication System 278
• Information Cycle
• Information Communication
• Channels of Communication
• Models of Communication
Chp-3 : Intellectual Property Right 284
• Intellectual property right (IPR) and Copyright
• History of IPR
• Types of IPR
• Intellectual Property Rights in India
• National and international Agencies/ Convention on Copyright
• Plagiarism
Chp-4 : Knowledge Management 293
• Steps of Knowledge Management (KM)
• Knowledge Management (KM) Methods and Tools
Unit–IX Research Methodology 296-317
Chp-1 : Research: Concept, Purpose, and Types of Research 297
• Research: Meaning and Definition
• Types of Research
• Ranganathan’s Spiral of Scientific Method
Chp-2 : Research Design & Hypothesis 303
• Research Design • Hypothesis
Chp-3 : Data Collection and Presentation 307
• Data Collection Tools/Technique
• Measurement of variables
• Citation style
Chp-4 : Metric Studies & Impact Factors 315
• Bibliometrics • Informetrics
Unit–X Important Facts to Library & Information Science 318-337
• Important Facts to Library & Information Science
• Abbreviations
Unit –XI Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) 338-392
• Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
• Previous Year Papers
UNIT-I
Foundation of Library
and
Information Science
2 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science

Historical Development of Libraries in India;

Committees and Commissions on Libraries in India 1
Dewey at Columbia University in 1887.
Library and Information Science  The term ‘Library Economy’ was common
in the U.S. until 1942, with the library
 The word ‘Library’ derives from the
science predominant through much of the 20th
Latin word ‘Liber’. century
 The synonyms word of English word ‘Library’  Library and information science (LIS) is a
Hindi word is ‘Pustkalay’ and French word is merging of library science and information
‘Bibliotheca’. science.
 The first use of the English word ‘Library’  The first school to do this was at the
was Oxford dictionary in 1374. “University of Pittsburgh” in 1964.
 Libr aries are collections of books,  The first school of librarianship opened
manuscripts, journals, and other sources of at Columbia University under the leadership
information. of Melvil Dewey, on 5 January 1887 as the
 Library, traditionally, collection of books used ‘School of Library Economy’.
for reading or study, or the building or room  In the English speaking world the term “library
in which such a collection is kept. science” seems to have been used for the first
 Library science is the field of study that time in India in the 1916 book Punjab
teaches how to manage books and other Library Primer, wr itten by Asa Don
information, particularly through collecting, Dickinson and published by the University of
preserving, and organizing books and other the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
materials in libraries.  This university was the first in Asia to begin
 Library science is teaching “library science”.
an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary field  The Punjab Library Primer was the first
that applies the practices, perspectives, and textbook on library science published in
tools of management, information English anywhere in the world.
technology, education, and other areas
 The first textbook in the United States was
to libraries; the collection, organization,
the Manual of Library Economy, published
preservation, and dissemination of
in 1929.
information.
 The word “Library Science” was coined by
Martin Schrettinger in 1808. Concepts/Forms of Library
 Later, the term “Library science” was widely (Traditional & Digital
used in the early 1928s by Dr. S. R. Library)
Ranganathan’s in the title “The Five Laws
 Due to digitizing the library resources and fast
of Library Science”, published in 1931, and
changing technology, a new type of library is
in the title of Lee Pierce Butler’s book, An
came in existence which is called- Digital ,
introduction to library science (University of
Electronic, virtual library, etc. Many of us are
Chicago Press), published in 1933.
always very much confused about such
 The first school for library science (School terminology of library – Digital, Electronic
of Library Economy) was founded by Melvil
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 3
and virtual library. URLs, which are available on a networks and
 Traditional library: Tr aditionally, accessible via internet. Digital and electronic
conventional libraries were collections of libraries can be virtual libraries if their
books, journals, manuscripts, and other existence or presence is only virtual or no
documentary sources of information. physical existence.
Collection of the traditional/conventional
libraries are generally in Documentary source, Some Important Oriental Libraries of
Printed Books, manuscripts, etc. and it India
provides physical access to reading material.
 Automated library: Automated library  Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library:
provides automatic services such as Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna
computerized or online acquisition, circulation was open for the public in October 1891 with
machine-readable catalog, computerized and 4000 Oriental manuscripts. Maulvi Khuda
OPAC are called as automated library and Bakhsh donated his entire collection to the
collection of automated libraries are same as nation by a deed of trust. Acknowledging the
traditional libraries, but the services offered immense historical and intellectual value of
by the automated libraries makes them better its rich and valued collection, the Govt. of
and effective services. India declared the Library as Institution of
National Importance by an act of
 Digital/ Electronics library: When
Parliament in 1969. The Library is now fully
automated libraries linked via computer
funded by the Ministry of Culture (Govt. of
network and provides downloading and
India). This autonomous institution is being
uploading information, online information
governed by a Board with the Governor of
delivery, and access of electronic journal, etc.,
Bihar as its ex-officio Chairman and Director
it is known as electronic library. The electronic
is carrying the responsibility of dayto-day
Medias are used for storage retrieval and
management of Library affairs.
delivery of information and the collections of
the electronic libraries are in both print and  Sarasvati Mahal Library: Sarasvati Mahal
electronic form. It is a later stage of electronic Library, Thanjavur is one among a few
library. Digital Libraries basically store of medieval libraries existing in the world
materials in electronic format and manipulate established by by the Nayak Kings of
large collection of those materials effectively. Thanjavur. It contains very rare and valuable
collections of manuscripts, books, maps and
 Hybrid library: Hybrid library means, those
paintings on all aspects of Art, Culture and
library which work in both digital and
Literature. The Encyclopedia Britannica in
traditional (print) environment and the
its survey of the Libraries of the world
collections in both print and electronic form,
mentions this as “the most remarkable
are known as hybrid library. Hybrid libraries
Library in India”. In 1918 this Library was
are combination of traditional and digital
made as a public Library. A body constituted
library. Print document is easy to handling and
by the Government and financed by the
reading and Digital document is easy to
Centr al and State Governments now
manage and retrieve. Due to digital divide
administers the library. The Govt. of India
some user cannot handle digital or electronic
declared the Library as Institution of
reading materials, so hybrid libraries are quit
National Importance by an act of
favorable among the users.
Parliament in 1983. This library contains the
 Virtual library: Virtual library may also be largest collection of manuscripts in India
called “the library without walls”, Virtual
 Raza Library, Rampur (UP): Rampur Raza
library are those library that are not in physical
Library, Rampur was founded by Nawab
presence, it may be a collection of links,
Faizullah Khan in 1774. It contains very rare
4 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
and valuable collection of manuscripts, Subject Index for Cataloguing and
historical documents, and rare illustrated Arranging the Books and Pamphlets” of a
works in Arabic and Persian languages. It was Library, known as the Dewey Decimal
brought under the management of a Trust till Classification. He came up with a system of
the Government of India took over the library decimal numbers used to classify a structure
on 1 July 1975 under the Act of Parliament, of knowledge first outlined by Sir Francis
which declared it as an institution of National Bacon.
importance. Now the Library occupies the
 Dewey founded the Lake Placid Club with
position of an autonomous institution of
his wife, Annie, in 1895.
national importance under Department of
Culture, Government of India and is fully
funded by Central Government. C A Cutter: At a glance

Melvil Dewey: At a glance  Cutter was born in Boston on March 14,

1837, the second son of Caleb and Hannah
 Melville Dewey (Melville Louis Kossuth Bigelow Cutter. His mother died a month
Dewey) was born in Adams Center, New York, later.
on 10 December 1851 and died on 26  In 1860, he took the first step in his lifelong
December 1931 in Lake Placid, Florida, USA. career in library science by joining the
 Dewey invented the Dewey Decimal Harvard College library staff as assistant
Classification (DDC) system when he was 21 to Dr. Ezra Abbott, the head cataloguer.
and working as a student assistant in the
library of Amherst College.  In 1868 the Boston Athenæum library
elected Cutter as its head librarian.
 Melvil Dewey well deserves the title of
“Father of Modern Librarianship and  In 1876, Cutter was hired by the United
“Father of Library Science in USA”. Dewey States Bureau of Education to help write a
changed librarianship to a modern profession. report about the state of libraries for the
 He helped establish the American Library Centennial. Part two of this report was
Association (ALA) in 1876; he was its his Rules for a Printed Dictionary
secretary from 1876 to 1890 and its president Catalogue (1876).
for the 1891 and 1893.  Cutter served as editor of Library Journal
 He also co-founded and edited ‘Library from 1891 to 1893.
Journal’. In 1877 Dewey moved to Boston,
 His most famous article was “The Buffalo
where, with R.R. Bowker and Frederick
Leypoldt, he founded and edited the Library
Public Library in 1983”.
Journal.  Cutter’s Expansive Classification was
 A pioneer in library education, Dewey became recognized as a significant contribution to
the librarian of Columbia College (now libraries and to the burgeoning field of
Columbia University) in New York City in library science.
1883 and founded the world’s first library  In 1868 Cutter was appointed librarian of
school (School of Library Economy) there the Boston Athenaeum.
in 1887.
 Cutter also wrote ‘Rules for a Dictionary
 In 1889, he became director of the New York
Catalogue’ in 1876. The first of its kind,
State Library in Albany, a position he held
until 1906. the book established his reputation in the
library world.
 In 1876 he published ”A Classification and
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 5
 His most ambitious project, the Expansive  He left for England in September 1925, to get
Classification scheme, was started in 1880 trained in librarianship and completed a six
and published in 1891. It was designed in month certificate course in library science.
seven stages, the first being for very small  On his return from London in 1925, he took
libraries and the seventh for the largest immediate steps to reorganize the University
ones. Library to attract more readers and classified
its contents on scientific basis.
 His system, which became known as the
 He wrote ‘Colon Classification’ in the year
Cutter number or “Cutter,” was an alpha-
1933, which is based on Hindu Philosophy.
numeric device for representing words or Colon Classification was published by
names by using one or more letters Madras library Association.
followed by one or more Arabic numerals
 He developed the concept of
treated as decimals. ‘Librametry’(1948) that is application of
statistics to Library Science.
Dr S. R. Rangnathan: At a glance  Ranganathan used two Pseudonym names in
his different two articles — ‘Arithmeticus’
 S. R. Ranganathan, who is known as “Father
and ‘Libra’ in article contributed to ‘Hindu’
of Library Science in India”, was the first
newspaper of Madras in 1931.
person one who identified the real need of
libraries and library science education in India.  He started the Library Science Department in
the year 1931 at Madras University.
 Title “Father of Library Science in India”
and “Prince among the librarrians” was  Because of Dr S.R. Ranganathan’s interest,
given by Maurice Gwyer (V.C. of Delhi Madras became the first state in our country
Unuversity) to enact the Madras Public Library Act (1948).
 Dr S. R. Ranganathan was born on August  Ranganathan persuaded the UNESCO to
12, 1892, to Ramamirtam Iyer and Sita establish the Documentation Centre in New
Lakshmi Ammal at Shiyali (present Sirkazhi). Delhi.
 India celebrates August 12 as ‘Librarians’  Ranganathan was later invited to Banaras
Day’ in his honour. University and Delhi University. He was a
Professor of Librar y Science in Delhi
 Ranganathan was born in Shiyali in Tanjavoor
University from 1947 to 1955.
District of Tamil Nadu.
 He was Chairman of the UGC Library
 Rukmini was his wife’s name. she died in an
Commission.
accident on 13 November 1928. Ranganathan
married again to Sarada in December 1929.  He started DRTC (Documentation Research
and Training Centre) in 1962 at Bangalore
 His primary education started at Sabhanayaka
(inaugurated by C. D. Deshmukh) to promote
Mudaliar’s Hindu High School in Shiyali. He
the research activities in the field of Library
took up his B.A. in 1913 at Madras Christian
Science.
College and later M.A. (Mathematics) at
Presidency College, Madras in 1916. His  Dr. Ranganathan received D. Litt Degree from
teaching career started with the Government the Delhi University in the year 1948 and
Arts College, Mangalore in 1917 and then he from the Pisttsburg University in the year
joined Presidency College in 1921. 1964, in recognition of unique service to
Library Science.
 In January 1924, Dr S. R. Ranganathan left
Presidency College and took charge of the  He was also the recipient of title ‘Rao Sahib’
Madras University Library as University in 1935 from the indian government and
Librarian. ‘Padmashri’ awar ds (1957) from the
Government of India.
6 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
 He founded the Sarada Ranganathan
Endowment for Library Science in 1963. Padma Shri Award recipients in
 He was also nominated as National Research Library Science
Professor of Library Science in 1965.
 Dr. S. R. Ranganathan: In recognition of his
 Dr S.R. Ranganathan formulated “Five Laws
great service to the nation, the Government
of Library Science” in 1928 at Minakshi
of India honoured him with Padma Shri in
college, Annamalainagar, published as book
1957.
in 1931 with a Foreword by Sir P.
S.Sivaswami Aiyer and an Introduction by  B. S. Kesavan (10 May 1909 - 16 February
W. C. Berwick Sayers and published by 2000): He was the first librarian of National
Madras Library Association. Library of India. He is also known as ‘Father
of Indian National Bibliography’ and
 Ranganathan was the Chairman of the
first Director of the Indian National
Classification Research Group of the
Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC)
International Federation for Documentation
at New Delhi. In recognition of his great
(FID) between 1950-62.
service to the nation, the Government of
 He wrote sixty books and almost 2000 articles. India honoured him with Padma Shri in 1960.
 A Librarian Looks Back: An  Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya (24 July 1890
Autobiography of S.R. Ranganathan – 1979): Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya was
published in 1992, edited by Prof. P. N. Kaula born in Konkuduru village, East Godavari
and published by (publisher) ABC Publishing
district, Andhra Pradesh. Iyyanki Venkata
House.
Ramanayya has been called the “Architect
 In 1962 SRR proposed using of Public Library Movement in India”. He
a ‘Librachine’ which used a motor van
established the First State Library Association
instead of bullock cart; having a professional
in India – “Andhra Desa Library Association”
librarian and circulation librarian to access
in 1914. He contributed to the foundation of
remote areas. He also used term ‘Library on
Wheel’ for mobile library. the Madras Library Association (1928) and
the All India Public Library Association
 He founded ILA in 1933.
(1919) at the national level. He was honoured
 He was engaged in research and writing in with the award of “Granthalaya Pitamaha”
Zürich from 1954-57. by the Maharajah of Baroda. The Government
 He was the Chairman of Documentation of India honoured him with the
(Sectional) Committee of the Indian Standards Padmashri award in 1972.
Institution, New Delhi from 1947-66.
 S. Bashiruddin: S. Bashiruddin was the
 In 1970, he received the Margaret Mann Librarian of Aligarh Muslim University. He
award from the American Library Association
was the architect of Maunala Azad Library,
(ALA).
Aligarh Muslim University. The Government
 In 1976, FID established the Ranganathan of India honoured him with
awar d in his memor y for outstanding
the Padmashri award in 1976.
contribution in the field of classification.
 Prof. P. N. Kaula (Prithvi Nath Kaula): P. N.
 Government of India, released a Postal Stamp
Kaula was born in 1924 in Srinagar, Jammu
in S. R. Ranganathan honour at the Official
Opening of IFLA General Conference on and Kashmir. He started his career as a
30 August 1992. Librarian in DAV College at his native place.
In 1947 he was appointed as librarian in Birla
 He died on Sept. 27, 1972.
Education Trust, Pilani. He later on became
the Librarian at Central Library, BHU, Head
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 7
of Department of Library and Information (Patna) was established. Maulvi Muhammod
Science, BHU and the Dean of Faculty of Baksh Khan and in 1891, the library was
Arts in the Banaras Hindu University. He opened to the public.
established the “Prof. Kaula Endowment for  The imperial library was also established
Library and Information Science” formed at Calcutta in 1891. Lord Curzon, the viceroy
on 13th March, 1975 and its Head Office is at of India promulgated the imperial library act,
Guntur (Andhra Pradesh). The Government which is based on Registration of books act
of India honoured him with of 1867.
the Padmashri award in 2004.  Library association also played a vital role in
the progress and development of library
movement in India. T he Andhra Desa
Library movement in India Library Association, founded in 1914, is the
first of its kind in India. It started the first
 The library of Nalanda, known as ”Dharma full fledged professional periodical in 1925
Gunj”, was the most renowned repository of under the title “Indian Library Journal”.
Buddhist knowledge in the world at the time. Bengal Library Association (1925), Madras
Its collection was said to comprise hundreds Library Association (1928), Punjab Library
of thousands of volumes, so extensive that it Association (1929), Assam Library
burned for months when set aflame by Muslim Association (Sadau Assam Puthibharal Sanga)
invaders. The library had three main buildings (1938), etc. played vital roles for the growth
as high as nine stories and development of public libraries in the
t a ll, R at na s ag ara, R at naranj aka & respective states of origin.
Ratnodadhi.  By S. R. Ranganathan’s effort Indian Library
Nalanda was sacked by Tur kic Association was set up in 1933 in its present
Musliminvaders under Bakhtiyar Khalji in form with its head quarter in
1193. The great library of Nalanda University Calcutta (Kolkata).
was so vast that it is reported to have burned  The Advisory Committee for Libraries as
for three months after the Mughals set fire to constituted in 1957 by the Government of
it, sacked and destroyed the monasteries, and India, with K P Sinha as the Chairman. The
drove the monks from the site. Committee submitted its report in 1959 with
 The genesis of the Public Library Movement a drafted Model Library Bill.
in India may well be traced with the advent of  The Planning Commission constituted a
British rule. The year 1808 is considered an Working Group on Public Libraries in 1964
important period during which the then and the Commission submitted its report in
government of Bombay initiated a proposal to 1965 with a Model Public Libraries Act.
register libraries which were to be given
 Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation, an
copies of books published from “funds for the
autonomous body under the Department of
encouragement of literature”. This has been
Culture, Ministry of Education (now ministry
the first attempt to register the libraries and
oy culture), was established in May, 1972.
assist them with literature by the government.
 A Working Group on Modernization of
 In August 1836, the Calcutta public library
Libr ary Ser vices and Informatics was
was established.
appointed by the Planning Commission in
 In 1867, the Government of India enacted the 1983 and submitted its report in 1984 with
“Press and Registration of Books Act” the formulation of National Policy on Library
under which the publisher of a book was Services and Informatics.
supposed to deliver free.
 Delhi Public Library became a copyright
 In 1876, Khuda Baksh Oriental public library library in 1982.
8 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
 National Literacy Mission was adopted in (Connemara Public 35 Library) and Bombay
1986, which emphasized education for women (Asiatic Library). Delhi Public Library
and also establishment of rural libraries. became a copyright library in 1982. (Now
Library networks and systems were every Indian publisher should send free of cost
strengthened at the national level institutions one copy of each of its publications to four
in the development of literature in neoliterates. libraries in Calcutta (National Library),
 The Government of India, Department of Madras (Connemara Public 35 Library),
Culture, appointed a Committee on National Bombay (Asiatic Library) and Delhi (Delhi
Policy on Library and Information System Public Library).
(CONPOLIS) in 1985.  During the Second Five Year Plan (1956-61),
 The National Policy on Education, 1986 states a sum of Rs. 140 lakhs was spent by the
that a nationwide movement for improvement Central Government for Public library
of existing libraries and the establishment of development.
new ones will be taken up, provision will be  During the Second Five Year Plan,
made in all educational institutions for library Government of India, set up an Advisory
facilities, and the status of librarianship Committee for libraries (1957) under the
improved. Chairmanship of Shri K.P.Sinha.
 The National Book Policy, 1986 also had an  During Third Five Year Plan, the Planning
impact on libraries, that 10 percent of the Commission (India) appointed the working
annual education budget of the governments Group on Libraries in June, 1964.
be used to purchase books for libraries.  During the Fourth Plan Period (1969-74) the
 Rural libraries should become the focal point Government of India took a highly laudable
for postliteracy and continuing educational step by establishing Raja Rammohan Roy
programs. Publishers, voluntary organizations, Library Foundation in Calcutta in 1972.
and school library programs undertaken as part  During the 12th five year plan, the Ministry
of the “Operation Blackboard Scheme” of of Culture has approved Rs 400 crore for the
the National Education Policy on Education, scheme ‘National Mission on Libraries – Up-
1986 were given assistance. gradation of Libraries – Providing Services
Progress under Five Year Plans to the Public’
 First Five Year Plan: During the First Five Year Committees & Commissions
Plan (1951-56), the Government paid attention  Hunter Education Commission (1882):
towards the improvement of Public library Hunter Education Commission was appointed
services along with the Community by Lord Ripon. This commission, headed by
Development Programme. It was proposed Sir William Wilson Hunter, had submitted its
under this plan to set up a National Central report in 1882.
Library and one Central Library in each
 Indian University Commission (1902):
state.
The Indian Universities Commission was
 First Five Year Plan: Delhi Public Library appointed in 1902 by Lord Curzon which
(1951) and Indian National Scientific was intended to make recommendations for
Documentation Centre (1952) were set up reforms in University education in India.
during the First Five Year Plan Period.
 Sadler Commission/ Culcutta University
 The Delivery of Books Act was passed in Commission (1917): In September 1917 the
1954. Later it was amended in 1956. The Act Government of India had appointed a
prescribed that every Indian publisher should commission presided over by Michael Sadler
send free of cost one copy of each of its and constituted of distinguished educationists
publications to each of the three libraries in of England and of India to report on the
Calcutta (National Library), Madras working of the universities in general and of
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 9
the Calcutta University in particular. The of books and serials to facilitate cooperation
Commission had presented its report to the among libraries, library education and library
Government on 18 March, 1919. building and furniture. The committee also
 Richey Committee (1926): Richey suggested to appointing another committee
committee recommended that the Imperial to look into the standards of teaching,
Library should be declared as a copyright
 In post independent era, various efforts
depository Library.
were made to improve the standard of
 Ranganathan Committee on Library and higher education. A University Education
Collage Libraries (1957-59): Commission, setup by the Government of
 Dr. C.D. Deshmukh, the first chairman of India, under the chairmanship of Dr. S.
UGC while drawing an analogy between a Radhakrishnan to improve the quality of
University and the human body, remarked that higher education of the country and after
the student from the body of the university, recommendation of this committee, the UGC
the administration is the head, the teachers are was established in December 1953. It was
the soul and Library is the Heart. It aim was made a statuary body in November 1956 by
to develop institutions of higher learning and an act of Parliament to maintain the standards
to strengthen library facilities in Universities. of Higher Education in India and it has been
One of the first acts of the UGC in this functioning as an autonomous advisory
regards was to appoint the Library organization since its inception.post
Committee in 1957under the chairmanship independent era, various efforts were made
of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan. It is popularly to improve the standard of higher education.
known as “Ranganathan Committee”. Report A University Education Commission, setup
of this committee was published by UGC in by the Government of India, under the
the year 1965 under the titled-”University chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan to
and Collage Libraries”. Since then, this improve the quality of higher education of the
document has been serving as bible in the country and after recommendation of this
matters relating to the Indian university & committee, the UGC was established in
collage libraries. It was for first time that December 1953. It was made a statuary body
the Government of India has sought advice in November 1956 by an act of Parliament to
from professional librarians. The committee maintain the standards of Higher Education
systematically surveyed the academic in India and it has been functioning as an
libraries and was very much disappointed autonomous advisory organization since its
to find poor facilities, services and inception University Education Commission,
inadequate budget for University Libraries. setup by the Government of India, under
 The committee submitted its report in 1959 the chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
making concrete recommendations on to improve the quality of higher education of
several aspect viz. Library grants, purchase the country and after recommendation of this
of books, cultivating reading habits, facilities committee, the UGC was established in
for inter library loan, photocopying, December 1953. It was made a statuary body
reference & documentation services, in November 1956 by an act of Parliament to
building of microfilm collections, open maintain the standards of Higher Education
access system, preparation of union catalogues in India and it has been functioning as an
autonomous advisory organization since its
10 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
inception.  Advisory Committee or Sinha Committee
 Radhakrishanan Commission (1948) : A (1957): During the Second Five Year Plan,
University Education Commission, setup by Government of India, set up an Advisory
the Government of India, under the Committee for public libraries in 1957 under
chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan to the Chairmanship of Shri K.P.Sinha and report
improve the quality of higher education of the submitted in 1959.
country and after recommendation of this  Working Group on Libraries (1964) :
committee, the UGC was established in During Third Five Year Plan, the Planning
December 1953. It was made a statuary body Commission (India) appointed the working
in November 1956. University Education Group on Libraries in June, 1964. Planning
Commission recommended 6.25% of total Commission constituted a Working Group on
university budget be spent on the university Public Libraries in 1964 and the Commission
library. Radhakrishanan Commission stated submitted its report in 1965 with a Model
that “the library is the heart of all Public Libraries Act.
the university’s work”  Kothari Commission (1964): The Education
 Ranganathan Committee (1957): Dr. C.D. Commission under the Chairmanship of Dr.
Deshmukh, the first chairman of UGC while D. S. Kothari (1964-66) was a landmark in
drawing an analogy between a University and the history of university libraries in India. The
the human body, remarked that the student Commission recommended that a university
from the body of the university, the should spend 6.5% to 10% of its total budget
administration is the head, the teachers are the on its libr ary depending on stage of
soul and Library is the Heart. It aim was to development.
develop institutions of higher learning and to  Ranganathan Committee on Library
strengthen library facilities in Universities. Science Education (1961): Review
One of the first acts of the UGC in this committee on library science was appointed
regards was to appoint the Library in 1961 under the chairmanship of Dr. S.R.
Committee in 1957 under the chairmanship Ranganathan on the recommendation of UGC
of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan. The Report was library committee of 1957. The report was
published by the University Gr ants published by the UGC in the year 1965
Commission in 1959 entitled ‘University and under the caption-”Library Science in Indian
College Libraries.’ It was perhaps the first Universities” with forwarded note of Dr. D.K.
attempt by any Library Committee in India to Kothari, the chairman of UGC.
systematically survey the academic libraries
 Kaula Committee on Curriculum
on a national basis, and it was also the first
Development in LIS Education (1990): In
time that the government of India had decided
September 1990, the curriculum development
to seek advice from professional librarians
committee (CDC) on Library and Information
regarding academic libraries. The committee
Science was constituted under the
suggested, a university should spend each year
chairmanship of Prof. P.N. Kaula. The report
about Rs.25 per student registered and Rs.300
of the committee was published by the UGC
per teacher (of the total budget) depending on
in the year 1992 under the title-”Report of
the stage of development of each university
the Curriculum Development Committee on
library.”
Library and Information Science.
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 11
 Committee on National Network System Library and Information Science is to “provide
(1988): UGC constituted a Committee on a framework for properly planned and co-
National Network System under the coordinated development of library and
information structure in a country, resulting
Chairmanship of Prof. Yash Pal in 1988. the
thereby in an enhanced and user-oriented
Committee decided to constitute a Working information services to its user population”.
Group to pr epare a project repor t on
 The need for the formulation of National
‘Information and Libr ary Network’ Policy on Library and Information Systems
(INFLIBNET). (NAPLIS) was brought to the notice of the
 Rastogi Committee (1997): The UGC Government of India by Indian library
appointed a Committee in 1997 under the profession since 1950s by Dr.
Chairmanship of Prof.R.P.Rastogi to consider S.R.Ranganathan and in the recommendations
the revision of pay scales and career of the Library Advisory Committee Report,
advancement of the academic staff of the 1958. Afterwards, professional organizations,
universities and colleges. On the like RRRLF, NISSAT and National Library
recommendations of the Rastogi Committee, urged upon the Government the necessity of
the Ministr y of Human Resource enunciating such policy.
Development announced the revised pay  The matter was discussed in the annual
scales of the teachers, librarians and physical conference of IASLIC in 1979 at Roorkee and
instructors. ILA in 1984 at Jaipur. Consequently, Indian
 Mehrotra Committee (1983): The UGC Library Association submitted a draft policy
appointed a Committee on December 24, 1983 statement to the Government in 1985. The
under the Chairmanship of Professor Planning Commission Working Group in its
R.C.Mehrotra to consider the revision of pay report Modernization of Library Services and
scales, career/professional development and Informatics for the 7th Five-Year Plan (1985-
service conditions of teachers in the 1990) emphasized the need of such policy.
universities and colleges. The Committee  The Raja Rammohun Roy Foundation, after
submitted the report on revision of pay scales nine years of its inception, took up the task in
of Librarians to the UGC on September 3, 1981 and after careful deliberations submitted
1986. a Draft National policy on Library and
 Karisiddappa Committee on Curriculum Information Systems to the government in
Development in LIS education (1997-2001): July 1984.
The UGC constituted subject panels in  On the basis of the draft policy submitted by
different disciplines including Library and the Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation
Information Science (LIS) in April 1997 and Indian Library Association, the
with Prof. C.R. Karisiddappa as its Government of India, Ministry of Human
convener to formulate model curriculum and resources Development, Department of
prepare the status report with modifications Culture, set up a Committee (CONPOLIS)
of exiting guidelines where necessary. The in October 1985 under the Chairmanship of
panel suggested integrated approach to LIS Professor D.P.Chattopadhyaya for the 72
education with a two year master’s degree formulation of a National Policy on Library
curriculum giving freedom to individual and Information Systems and the final report
university to opt for one year BLIS & MLIS was submitted in May 1986.
model.
National Policy on Library and Information National Knowledge Commission, 2005
System (CONPOLIS), 1985  National Knowledge Commission was set up
 According to P.B.Mangla, National Policy on by the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan
12 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
Singh to prepare a blueprint to tap into the ‘conserving the past for the future’. It has
enormous reservoir of our knowledge base so emerged as a movement, undoubtedly the most
that our people can confidently face popular and effective among all the heritage
challenges of the 21st. conservation initiatives in the country.
 The Commission headed by Mr. Sam Pitroda National Mission on Library, 2012
as its Chairman and there are other 5(five)  National Mission on Libraries has been set
members, who are renowned persons in up by Ministry of Culture, Government of
different fields of knowledge. It is a high-level India on 4th May, 2012 in pursuance of
advisory body to the Prime Minister of India, National Knowledge Commission
with a mandate to guide policy and generate recommendations for sustained attention for
reforms. The Commission is the world’s first development of Libraries and Information
body of its kind. Science Sector. The Ministry of Culture has
 It was constituted on 13 June 2005, by approved Rs 400 crore for the scheme
the Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan ‘National Mission on Libraries – Upgradation
Singh. of Libraries – Providing Services to the Public’
 National Knowledge Commission submit its in the 12th five year plan.
final Report to the Nation in 2009 and title of  National Mission on Libraries (NML) was
the report is “Libraries: Gateway to launched in 2014 by Pr esident Pranab
Knowledge” Mukherjee at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New
 As of July, 2014, the National Knowledge Delhi.
Commission is defunct as the incoming Modi  The major components under the National
government, elected in the summer of 2014, Mission on Libraries (NML), creation of
discontinued it. National Virtual Library of India (NVLI),
National Mission for Manuscripts (NAMAMI), setting up of NML model librar ies,
2003 quantitative and qualitative survey of libraries
and capacity building have been incorporated.
 The National Mission for Manuscripts was
established in February 2003, by the Ministry  National Mission on Libraries consists of four
of Tourism and Culture, Government of India. components:-
A unique project in its programme and (i) Creation of National Virtual Library of
mandate, the Mission seeks to unearth and India (NVLI): The purpose of National
preserve the vast manuscript wealth of India. Virtual Library of India is to facilitate a
 The Mission has the mandate of identifying, comprehensive database on digital resources
documenting, conserving and making on information about India and on information
accessible the manuscript heritage of India. generated in India, in an open access
We see a national effort in the form of a environment.
mission for manuscripts as a logical, radical (ii) Setting up of NML Model Libraries: The
and urgent response to a very contemporary setting up on NML Model Libraries would
challenge- of reclaiming the inheritance develop 6 Libraries under Ministry of Culture
contained in manuscripts, often in a poor state (Delhi Public Library, Delhi; Khuda Bakhsh
of preservation. Oriental Public Library, Patna; National
 National Mission for Manuscripts is a Library, Kolkata; Central Secretariat Library;
National level comprehensive initiative which Rampur Raza Library, Uttar Pradesh and
caters to the need of conserving manuscripts Thanjavur Maharaja Serfoji’s Saraswati
and disseminating knowledge contained Mahal Library, Tamil Nadu), 35 State Central
therein. Libraries and 35 District Libraries with
particular emphasis on economically
 NMM is working towards fulfilling its motto,
backward districts, as model Libraries. In
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 13
addition, 629 district libraries across the states as practice; as a body of techniques evolved
would be provided network connectivity. from certain adhoc assumptions about how
(iii) Quantitative & Qualitative Survey of people use books”.
Libraries: The Quantitative & Qualitative  The first school for library science (School of
Survey of Libraries would be undertaken to Library Economy) was founded by Melvil
prepare a baseline data of libraries in India Dewey at Columbia College (now Columbia
through a survey of 5000 Libraries. University) in 1887.
(iv) Capacity Building: The Capacity Building  Librarianship is the discipline and profession
would be undertaken to enhance the that is concerned with helping individuals
professional competence of library personnel. obtain reliable information to increase their
Committees/Commissi Chairman knowledge in all spheres of their lives from
ons the cumulated information store of mankind.
Library Committee Dr. S. R. Ranganathan  Librarianship is a bridge between two entities;
Review Committee on Dr. S. R. Ranganathan
people and information. Librarians consider
Library Science
Education Commission Prof. D. S. Kothari who may need this bridge, when and where a
Mehrotra Committee R. C. Mehrotra bridge is needed, how it is to be built, how it
Committee on National Yash Pal can be best utilized. We are the planner,
Network System for architect, builder, and marketer of bridges.
University Libraries
 Librarianship is a profession. Service of
National Library & D. P. Chatoppadhyay
Information Policy mankind is its motto. It is not a business and
(NAPLIS)/ CONPOLIS those who entertain mercenary outlook and
Curriculum Prof. P. N. Kaula habits may not be fit for this emulated
Development profession. The worth ‘ethics’ is derived from
Committee on Library ethics which means custom or character.
and Information
Science  Ethics of librarianship, an essential element
UGC Model Dr. C.R.Karisiddappa of library profession, denotes the conduct and
Curriculum: Library behaviours of those who adopt the profession.
and Information A librarian is called the friend, philosopher
Science and guide of the uninitiated and the scholar
National Knowledge Sam Pitroda alike.
Commission
National Mission on --  As a duty of librarian, he should follow the
Libraries(NML) second law of library science. It means
librarian should try to provide necessary
materials to the users.
Library and Information Profession/  According to R. L. Mittal, Seven lamps of the
Seven lamps of professional Ethics professional ethics of librarianship are as
follow:
 The primary purpose of LIS profession is to (i) Impersonal book selection: Librarian
provide access to information pertinent to user should selects the book as per the
request with great speed and thus, achieve user 3demand of the students, teachers or
satisfaction. Hence it is service based. scholars. Biasness is not fit for this
Keeping this basic purpose in view many LIS profession. He should expend the every
scientists define the LIS profession amount of the budget for the necessary
(librarianship) in different ways. In essence it books not for others.
is the science and art of managing libraries.
(ii) Service before self: He/she should
 P.N. Kaula defines “Librarianship developed serve the users community with full
14 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science
effort. His motto is to serve the users Librarian of Panjab University, Lahore
first then to think about himself/herself. (now Pakistan) during 1915–1916.
(iii) Split mind: Library professional’s mind
should be broad.  The Andhra Desa Library Association
(founded in 1914) started conducting “training
(iv) Sympathetic behaviour: Library
professionals should behave politely classes for the libr ary workers”
and sympathetically to attract the users at Vijayawadain 1920.
in the library. T his is the age of  In 1920, a course for the training of librarians
Information and Communication was conducted at Bangalor e under the
Technology (ICT), if the librarian/
“program of library development” initiated by
library professionals behave harshly/
badly then users will depend more on the Dewan of Mysore M. Visweswaraya.
Internet rather than using library.  The Madras Library Association also
(v) Tact: Librarians/library professionals organized a regular certificate course in library
should act tactfully to manage the science from 1929. T hen in 1931,
changed situation of automated library University of Madras took up the training
and information service.
course of MALA in 1931 and started offering
(vi) Industries: Librarians should be the course on a regular basis.
engaged to serve each and every need
of the users.  Andhra University started a certificate course
in 1935.
(vii) Scholarship: Libr arians should
maintain the high level of information  The Imperial library, Calcutta started a
service to satisfy all types of users. training class under the supervision of its
librarian K. M. Asudulah in 1935. It was a
Library and Information Science full time r egular Diploma course in
Education in India libr arianship at the Imperial Library,
Calcutta (now National Library, Kolkata). It
 In 1910, Siyaji Rao Gaikwad-III, the ruler of continued till 1946.
Baroda state called the American librarian W.  University of Madras, in 1937, introduced a
A. Borden (1853-1931), a disciple of Melvil one year Post Graduate Diploma course in
Dewey to create a cadre of men for the newly place of the certificate course of three month
established libraries in the state library system. duration. This was the first P G Diploma in
In 1911, he initiated the first training school library science in India.
in library education in India.  The second university to start a post graduate
 In 1912, the Punjab University called diploma cour se was the Banaras
another librarian Don Dickinson (1876–1960) Hindu University in 1942.
from USA. He started the second educational  In 1947, Aligarh Muslim University started
course of three month duration in library Bachelor of Library Science Course for the
science in the year 1915. first time in the country.
 University of Delhi was the first university to
 This happens to be the first university course
establish a full fledged Department of
in Asia.
Library Science in 1946.
 Mr. Asa Don Dickinson later become the  University of Delhi also instituted the first
Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science 15
post diploma degree course in 1948. In 1949, guidance of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan in 1957.
the structure was changed. The programme of  In 1977, Panjab University, Chandigarh
Master of Library Science was introduced offered the second Ph.D.
as a two year course with the first year leading
 In 1992, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar
to Bachelor of Library Science.
awarded first D.Litt. to Dr. B. B. Shukla. It
 In 1962, Dr. S. R. Ranganathan established claimed to be the first such degree in library
Documentation Research and Training Centre science all over the world.
at Bangalore. Previously DRTC courses were
 Dr. Ranganathan received D. Litt Degree
of 14 month duration which was later on
from the Delhi (1948) and Pisttsburg
moved to two years programme.
Universities (1964), in recognition of unique
 INSDOC conducted a short term course for service to Library Science.
Asian Document lists in 1963. In 1964, it
 The first doctoral thesis accepted by the
started a one year post graduate course in
London School of Economics on a core
Documentation and Reprography leading to
Library Science subject in 1935. The title of
“Associateship in Documentation and
the thesis was “The public library service
Reprography”. under English local government”
 In 2010, University of Calcutta introduces five
year integr ated course in Library & Courses University/Institutions Year
Information Science and thus becomes the first Refresher Course Barodha 1911
university to launch such course in LIS Diploma Punjab University 1915
domain. PG Diploma Madras University 1937
 University of Delhi was the first to introduce BLIS Aligarh Muslim University 1947
M. Phil programme in Library and MLIS Delhi University 1949
Information Science in 1978. M.Phil. Delhi University 1978
 University of Delhi was the first to introduce Ph.D. Delhi University 1951
Ph.D. programme in Library and Information
Science in 1951. The credit for introducing  Library Cess: S.R.Ranganathan advocated
the provision of library cess (membership fee).
the doctoral degree programme in library
According to Advisory Committee report:
science in India goes to Dr. S. R. Ranganathan. only a cess can provide a stable base of library
 The university offered first doctoral degree finance. It can give the library administrators
in Library science to D. B. Krishan Rao for some solid grounds from which they can plan
ahead without fear of mishap the following
his “Facet Analysis and Depth
year or year later.
Classification of Agriculture” under the
16 Unit-1 : Foundation of Library and Information Science

Reference Sources & further readings

1. www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Library_science
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_science
3. http://www.isibang.ac.in/~library/portal/Pages/SRRBIO.pdf
4. https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvil_Dewey
6. https://www.oclc.org/en/dewey/resources/biography.html
7. https://www.biography.com/people/melvil-dewey-9273516

8. https://forbeslibrary.org/info/library-history/charles-ammi-cutter/
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ammi_Cutter

10. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9309/9/09_chapter%201.pdf/)

11. http://www.nmlindia.nic.in/
12. https://www.namami.gov.in/
13. https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-Prithvi-Nath-Kaula/6000000012565993168 erma, Manoj Kumar and Singh,
S.N. (2010). Role of Commissions and Committees in Library Education. erma, Manoj Kumar and Singh, S.N.
(2010). Role of Commissions and Committees in Library Education.
14. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327281037_Role_ of_Commissions_ and_ Committees_in_ Library_
Education (Verma Manoj Kumar & Singh, S. N.)
15. http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/11271/ 1/Unit-2.pdf
16. http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/35267/5/BLI-221-B4.pdf
17. http://newonlinelibrary.blogspot.com/.../seven-lamps-of-con
18. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/55327/12/12_chapter%203.pdf