Introduction
BASEM E. ELNAGHI
Creative thinking
Man is among the creatures by thinking and codifying the intellectual
output, and with the accumulation of this intellectual product through the
ages, sciences were formed.
Creative thinking: an organized approach or method that can be used in
our daily lives or in our work and studies. Scientific thinking does not have a
special language or terminology, but rather is based on the organization
of ideas and methods.
منهج أو طريقة منظمة يمكن استخدامها في حياتنا اليومية أو في اعمالنا ودراستنا فالتفكير العلمي: فالتفكير العلمي
.ليس له لغة او مصطلحات خاصة وانما يقوم على اساس تنظيم االفكار واالساليب
The intellectual product is divided into:
Science and theoretical studies
Applied science and studies
The difference between science and studies in terms of the quality of the
intellectual product and its saturation with the researcher's point of view:
Science: does not support the researcher's point of view and is known only
by specialists
Studies: bear personal points of view, according to the researcher's
interpretation.
The difference between theory and practice: a difference in the goal, way of
thinking, and • the criterion of honesty and research methodology.
Science and theoretical studies
It aims to theorize or present theories about all natural and intellectual
phenomena such as
Science and mathematical and philosophical studies: The way of thinking
is deductive, starting with definitions and then deriving an integrated
theory with no contradiction between its elements (such as algebra and
arithmetic, Euclid's theory). internal validity criterion
Science and natural studies: The way of thinking is inductive (observation)
where he extrapolates from nature his theories. external validity criterion
Science and human studies: (As evidence from the human body and
behavior). external validity criterion
Science and applied studies
It aims to apply all the discoveries of science and theoretical studies to solve
the problems of society, such as:
Science and engineering studies (electrical, mechanical,)
Sciences and administrative studies (urban planning, educational, military)
Way of thinking (inductive and deductive.) The criterion of its validity (internal
and external) in addition to a third criterion, which is benefit.
Questions
………………………. an organized approach or method that can be used in our
daily lives or in our work and studies.
a) Creative thinking
b) Electrical Engineering
c) Civil Engineering
d) None
Scientific thinking has a special language or terminology, but rather is based on
the organization of ideas and methods.
a) True
b) False
Applied science and studies can be considered intellectual product
a) True
b) False
Science: supports the researcher's point of view and is known only by specialists
a) True
b) False
Science : bear personal points of view, according to the researcher's
interpretation.
a) True
b) False
Science and theoretical studies aims to theorize or present theories about all natural and intellectual
phenomena such as
a) Science and engineering studies
b) Electrical Engineering
c) urban planning
d) Science and human studies
……………………. Is the way of thinking is inductive (observation) where he extrapolates from nature
his theories. external validity criterion
a) a) Electrical Engineering
b) urban planning
c) Science and natural studies
d) Science and human studies
It aims to apply all the discoveries of science and theoretical studies to solve
the problems of society
a) Science and theoretical studies
b) Science and applied studies
