10/01/2025, 00:01 CSS 3 Cheat Sheet & Quick Reference
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CSS 3
This is a quick reference cheat sheet for CSS goodness, listing selector syntax, properties, units and other useful bits of information.
# Getting Started
Introduction
CSS is rich in capabilities and is more than simply laying out pages.
External stylesheet
<link href="./path/to/stylesheet/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
Internal stylesheet
<style>
body {
background-color: linen;
}
</style>
Inline styles
<h2 style="text-align: center;">Centered text</h2>
<p style="color: blue; font-size: 18px;">Blue, 18-point text</p>
Add class
<div class="classname"></div>
<div class="class1 ... classn"></div>
Support multiple classes on one element.
!important
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.post-title {
color: blue !important;
}
Overrides all previous styling rules.
Selector
h1 { }
#job-title { }
div.hero { }
div > p { }
See: Selectors
Text color
color: #2a2aff;
color: green;
color: rgb(34, 12, 64, 0.6);
color: hsla(30 100% 50% / 0.6);
See: Colors
Background
background-color: blue;
background-image: url("nyan-cat.gif");
background-image: url("../image.png");
See: Backgrounds
Font
.page-title {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 30px;
font-family: "Courier New";
}
See: Fonts
Position
.box {
position: relative;
top: 20px;
left: 20px;
}
See also: Position
Animation
animation: 300ms linear 0s infinite;
animation: bounce 300ms linear infinite;
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Comment
/* This is a single line comment */
/* This is a
multi-line comment */
Flex layout
div {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
div {
display: flex;
justify-content: flex-start;
}
See: Flexbox | Flex Tricks
Grid layout
#container {
display: grid;
grid: repeat(2, 60px) / auto-flow 80px;
}
#container > div {
background-color: #8ca0ff;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
}
See: Grid Layout
Variable & Counter
counter-set: subsection;
counter-increment: subsection;
counter-reset: subsection 0;
:root {
--bg-color: brown;
}
element {
background-color: var(--bg-color);
}
See: Dynamic content
# CSS Selectors
Examples
Groups Selector
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h1, h2 {
color: red;
}
Chaining Selector
h3.section-heading {
color: blue;
}
Attribute Selector
div[attribute="SomeValue"] {
background-color: red;
}
First Child Selector
p:first-child {
font-weight: bold;
}
No Children Selector
.box:empty {
background: lime;
height: 80px;
idth 80
Basic
* All elements
div All div tags
.classname All elements with class
#idname Element with ID
div,p All divs and paragraphs
#idname * All elements inside #idname
See also: Type / Class / ID / Universal selectors
Combinators
div.classname Div with certain classname
div#idname Div with certain ID
div p Paragraphs inside divs
All p tags
div > p
one level deep in div
div + p P tags immediately after div
div ~ p P tags preceded by div
See also: Adjacent / Sibling / Child selectors
Attribute selectors
a[target] With a target attribute
a[target="_blank"] Open in new tab
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a[href^="/index"] Starts with /index
[class|="chair"] Starts with chair
[class*="chair"] containing chair
[title~="chair"] Contains the word chair
a[href$=".doc"] Ends with .doc
[type="button"] Specified type
See also: Attribute selectors
User action pseudo classes
a:link Link in normal state
a:active Link in clicked state
a:hover Link with mouse over it
a:visited Visited link
Pseudo classes
p::after Add content after p
p::before Add content before p
p::first-letter First letter in p
p::first-line First line in p
::selection Selected by user
::placeholder Placeholder attribute
:root Documents root element
:target Highlight active anchor
div:empty Element with no children
p:lang(en) P with en language attribute
:not(span) Element that's not a span
Input pseudo classes
input:checked Checked inputs
input:disabled Disabled inputs
input:enabled Enabled inputs
input:focus Input has focus
input:in-range Value in range
input:out-of-range Input value out of range
input:valid Input with valid value
input:invalid Input with invalid value
input:optional No required attribute
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input:required Input with required attribute
input:read-only With readonly attribute
input:read-write No readonly attribute
input:indeterminate With indeterminate state
Structural pseudo classes
p:first-child First child
p:last-child Last child
p:first-of-type First of some type
p:last-of-type Last of some type
p:nth-child(2) Second child of its parent
p:nth-child(3n42) Nth-child (an + b) formula
p:nth-last-child(2) Second child from behind
p:nth-of-type(2) Second p of its parent
p:nth-last-of-type(2) ...from behind
p:only-of-type Unique of its parent
p:only-child Only child of its parent
# CSS Fonts
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Properties
font-family: <font>
font-size: <size>
letter-spacing: <size>
line-height: <number>
font-weight: <number> / bold / normal
font-style: italic / normal
text-decoration: underline / none
left / right
text-align:
center / justify
text-transform: capitalize / uppercase / lowercase
See also: Font
Shorthand
font: italic 400 14px / 1.5 sans-serif
style weight size (required) line-height family (required)
Example
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 12pt;
letter-spacing: 0.02em;
Case
/* Hello */
text-transform: capitalize;
/* HELLO */
text-transform: uppercase;
/* hello */
text-transform: lowercase;
@font-face
@font-face {
font-family: 'Glegoo';
src: url('../Glegoo.woff');
}
# CSS Colors
Named color
color: red;
color: orange;
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color: tan;
color: rebeccapurple;
Hexadecimal color
color: #090;
color: #009900;
color: #090a;
color: #009900aa;
rgb() Colors
color: rgb(34, 12, 64, 0.6);
color: rgba(34, 12, 64, 0.6);
color: rgb(34 12 64 / 0.6);
color: rgba(34 12 64 / 0.3);
color: rgb(34.0 12 64 / 60%);
color: rgba(34.6 12 64 / 30%);
HSL Colors
color: hsl(30, 100%, 50%, 0.6);
color: hsla(30, 100%, 50%, 0.6);
color: hsl(30 100% 50% / 0.6);
color: hsla(30 100% 50% / 0.6);
color: hsl(30.0 100% 50% / 60%);
color: hsla(30.2 100% 50% / 60%);
Other
color: inherit;
color: initial;
color: unset;
color: transparent;
color: currentcolor; /* keyword */
# CSS Backgrounds
Properties
background: (Shorthand)
background-color: See: Colors
background-image: url(...)
left/center/right
background-position:
top/center/bottom
background-size: cover X Y
border-box
background-clip: padding-box
content-box
no-repeat
background-repeat: repeat-x
repeat-y
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Shorthand
background: #ff0 url(a.jpg) left top / 100px auto no-repeat fixed;
background: #abc url(b.png) center center / cover repeat-x local;
color image posX posY size repeat attach..
Examples
background: url(img_man.jpg) no-repeat center;
background: url(img_flwr.gif) right bottom no-repeat, url(paper.gif) left top repeat;
background: rgb(2,0,36);
background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(2,0,36,1) 0%, rgba(13,232,230,1) 35%, rgba(0,212,255,1) 100%);
# CSS The Box Model
Maximums/Minimums
.column {
max-width: 200px;
width: 500px;
}
See also: max-width / min-width / max-height / min-height
Margin / Padding
.block-one {
margin: 20px;
padding: 10px;
}
See also: Margin / Padding
Box-sizing
.container {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
See also: Box-sizing
Visibility
.invisible-elements {
visibility: hidden;
}
See also: Visibility
Auto keyword
div {
margin: auto;
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}
See also: Margin
Overflow
.small-block {
overflow: scroll;
}
See also: Overflow
# CSS Animation
Shorthand
animation: bounce 300ms linear 100ms infinite alternate-reverse both reverse
name duration timing-function delay count direction fill-mode play-state
Properties
animation: (shorthand)
animation-name: <name>
animation-duration: <time>ms
animation-timing-function: ease / linear / ease-in / ease-out / ease-in-out
animation-delay: <time>ms
animation-iteration-count: infinite / <number>
animation-direction: normal / reverse / alternate / alternate-reverse
animation-fill-mode: none / forwards / backwards / both / initial / inherit
animation-play-state: normal / reverse / alternate / alternate-reverse
See also: Animation
Example
/* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay |
iteration-count | direction | fill-mode | play-state | name */
animation: 3s ease-in 1s 2 reverse both paused slidein;
/* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay | name */
animation: 3s linear 1s slidein;
/* @keyframes duration | name */
animation: 3s slidein;
animation: 4s linear 0s infinite alternate move_eye;
animation: bounce 300ms linear 0s infinite normal;
animation: bounce 300ms linear infinite;
animation: bounce 300ms linear infinite alternate-reverse;
animation: bounce 300ms linear 2s infinite alternate-reverse forwards normal;
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Javascript Event
.one('webkitAnimationEnd oanimationend msAnimationEnd animationend')
# CSS Flexbox
Simple example
.container {
display: flex;
}
.container > div {
flex: 1 1 auto;
}
Container
.container {
display: flex;
display: inline-flex;
flex-direction: row; /* ltr - default */
flex-direction: row-reverse; /* rtl */
flex-direction: column; /* top-bottom */
flex-direction: column-reverse; /* bottom-top */
flex-wrap: nowrap; /* one-line */
flex-wrap: wrap; /* multi-line */
align-items: flex-start; /* vertical-align to top */
align-items: flex-end; /* vertical-align to bottom */
align-items: center; /* vertical-align to center */
align-items: stretch; /* same height on all (default) */
justify-content: flex-start; /* [xxx ] */
justify-content: center; /* [ xxx ] */
justify-content: flex-end; /* [ xxx] */
justify-content: space-between; /* [x x x] */
justify-content: space-around; /* [ x x x ] */
justify-content: space-evenly; /* [ x x x ] */
Child
.container > div {
/* This: */
flex: 1 0 auto;
/* Is equivalent to this: */
flex-grow: 1;
flex-shrink: 0;
flex-basis: auto;
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order: 1;
align-self: flex-start; /* left */
margin-left: auto; /* right */
# CSS Flexbox Tricks
Vertical center
.container {
display: flex;
}
.container > div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
margin: auto;
}
Vertical center (2)
.container {
display: flex;
/* vertical */
align-items: center;
/* horizontal */
justify-content: center;
}
Reordering
.container > .top {
order: 1;
}
.container > .bottom {
order: 2;
}
Mobile layout
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.container > .top {
flex: 0 0 100px;
}
.container > .content {
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flex: 1 0 auto;
}
Table-like
.container {
display: flex;
}
/* the 'px' values here are just suggested percentages */
.container > .checkbox { flex: 1 0 20px; }
.container > .subject { flex: 1 0 400px; }
.container > .date { flex: 1 0 120px; }
This creates columns that have different widths, but size accordingly according to the circumstances.
Vertical
.container {
align-items: center;
}
Vertically-center all items.
Left and right
.menu > .left { align-self: flex-start; }
.menu > .right { align-self: flex-end; }
# CSS Grid Layout
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Grid Template Columns
#grid-container {
display: grid;
width: 100px;
grid-template-columns: 20px 20% 60%;
}
fr Relative Unit
.grid {
display: grid;
width: 100px;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 60px 1fr;
}
Grid Gap
/*The distance between rows is 20px*/
/*The distance between columns is 10px*/
#grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-gap: 20px 10px;
}
CSS Block Level Grid
#grid-container {
display: block;
}
CSS grid-row
CSS syntax:
grid-row: grid-row-start / grid-row-end;
Example
.item {
grid-row: 1 / span 2;
}
CSS Inline Level Grid
#grid-container {
display: inline-grid;
}
minmax() Function
.grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 100px minmax(100px, 500px) 100px;
}
grid-row-start & grid-row-end
CSS syntax:
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grid-row-start: auto|row-line;
grid-row-end: auto|row-line|span n;
Example
grid-row-start: 2;
grid-row-end: span 2;
CSS grid-row-gap
grid-row-gap: length;
Any legal length value, like px or %. 0 is the default value
CSS grid-area
.item1 {
grid-area: 2 / 1 / span 2 / span 3;
}
Justify Items
#container {
display: grid;
justify-items: center;
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
grid-gap: 10px;
}
CSS grid-template-areas
.item {
grid-area: nav;
}
.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-areas:
'nav nav . .'
'nav nav . .';
}
Justify Self
#grid-container {
display: grid;
justify-items: start;
}
.grid-items {
justify-self: end;
}
The grid items are positioned to the right (end) of the row.
Align Items
#container {
display: grid;
align-items: start;
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
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grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
grid-gap: 10px;
}
# CSS Dynamic Content
Variable
Define CSS Variable
:root {
--first-color: #16f;
--second-color: #ff7;
}
Variable Usage
#firstParagraph {
background-color: var(--first-color);
color: var(--second-color);
}
See also: CSS Variable
Counter
/* Set "my-counter" to 0 */
counter-set: my-counter;
/* Increment "my-counter" by 1 */
counter-increment: my-counter;
/* Decrement "my-counter" by 1 */
counter-increment: my-counter -1;
/* Reset "my-counter" to 0 */
counter-reset: my-counter;
See also: Counter set
Using counters
body { counter-reset: section; }
h3::before {
counter-increment: section;
content: "Section." counter(section);
}
ol {
counter-reset: section;
list-marker-type: none;
}
li::before {
counter-increment: section;
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content: counters(section, ".") " ";
}
# Css 3 tricks
Scrollbar smooth
html {
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
Click me, the page will scroll smoothly to Getting started
# Also see
CSS selectors cheatsheet (frontend30.com)
MDN: Using CSS flexbox
Ultimate flexbox cheatsheet
GRID: A simple visual cheatsheet
CSS Tricks: A Complete Guide to Grid
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