Computer Graphics Lab Manual
1. Write a Program to draw basic graphics construction like line, circle, arc,
ellipse and rectangle.
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
intgd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph (&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
setbkcolor(GREEN);
printf("\t\t\t\n\nLINE");
line(50,40,190,40);
printf("\t\t\n\n\n\nRECTANGLE");
rectangle(125,115,215,165);
printf("\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n\n\nARC");
arc(120,200,180,0,30);
printf("\t\n\n\n\nCIRCLE");
circle(120,270,30);
printf("\t\n\n\n\nECLIPSE");
ellipse(120,350,0,360,30,20);
getch();
}
2. Write a Program to draw animation using increasing circles filled with
different colors and patterns.
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
intgd=DETECT, gm, i, x, y;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
x=getmaxx()/3;
y=getmaxx()/3;
setbkcolor(WHITE);
setcolor(BLUE);
for(i=1;i<=8;i++)
{
setfillstyle(i,i);
delay(20);
circle(x, y, i*20);
floodfill(x-2+i*20,y,BLUE);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
3. Program to make screen saver in that display different size circles filled
with different colors and at random places.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include"graphics.h"
#include"stdlib.h"
void main()
{
intgd=DETECT,gm,i=0,x,xx,y,yy,r;
//Initializes the graphics system
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
x=getmaxx();
y=getmaxy();
while(!kbhit())
{
i++;
// setfillstyle(random(i),random(30));
circle(xx=random(x),yy=random(y),random(30));
setfillstyle(random(i),random(30));
floodfill(xx,yy,getmaxcolor());
delay(200);
}
getch();
}
4. Write a Program to make a moving colored car using inbuilt functions.
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
intgd=DETECT,gm, i, maxx, cy;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
setbkcolor(WHITE);
setcolor(RED);
maxx = getmaxx();
cy = getmaxy()/2;
for(i=0;i<maxx-140;i++)
{
cleardevice();
line(0+i,cy-20, 0+i, cy+15);
line(0+i, cy-20, 25+i, cy-20);
line(25+i, cy-20, 40+i, cy-70);
line(40+i, cy-70, 100+i, cy-70);
line(100+i, cy-70, 115+i, cy-20);
line(115+i, cy-20, 140+i, cy-20);
line(0+i, cy+15, 18+i, cy+15);
circle(28+i, cy+15, 10);
line(38+i, cy+15, 102+i, cy+15);
circle(112+i, cy+15,10);
line(122+i, cy+15 ,140+i,cy+15);
line(140+i, cy+15, 140+i, cy-20);
rectangle(50+i, cy-62, 90+i, cy-30);
setfillstyle(1,BLUE);
floodfill(5+i, cy-15, RED);
setfillstyle(1, LIGHTBLUE);
floodfill(52+i, cy-60, RED);
delay(10);
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
5. Write a Program to print your name in Hindi script on console output in C.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
setbkcolor(9);
line(100,100,370,100);
line(120,100,120,170);
arc(143,100,0,180,23);
line(165,100,165,155);
arc(150,155,100,0,15);
line(180,100,180,170);
circle(210,140,10);
line(210,130,250,130);
circle(280,140,10);
line(280,130,330,130);
line(330,100,330,170);
line(345,100,345,170);
ellipse(337,100,0,180,9,18);
getch();
}
6. Write a Program control a ball using arrow keys.
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
intgd=DETECT,gm,x,y,r=40;
charch;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:/TURBOC3/BGI");
setbkcolor(3);
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
setfillstyle(1,RED);
circle(x,y,r);
floodfill(x,y,getmaxcolor());
while((ch=getch())!=13)
{
switch(ch)
{
case 75: if(x>=r+1)
{
cleardevice();
circle(x-=10,y,r);
floodfill(x,y,getmaxcolor());
}
break;
case 72: if(y>=r+1)
{
cleardevice();
circle(x,y-=10,r);
floodfill(x,y,getmaxcolor());
}
break;
case 77: if(x<=(getmaxx()-r-10))
{
cleardevice();
circle(x+=10,y,r);
floodfill(x,y,getmaxcolor());
}
break;
case 80: if(y<=(getmaxy()-r-10))
{
cleardevice();
circle(x,y+=10,r);
floodfill(x,y,getmaxcolor());
}
}
}
getch();
}
7. Write a Program to implement Digital Clock.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
struct time t;
void display(int,int,int);
void main()
{
int i=0,gd=DETECT,gm,hr,min,sec;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
setcolor(GREEN);
settextstyle(4,0,7);
while(!kbhit())
{
gettime(&t);
hr=t.ti_hour;
min=t.ti_min;
sec=t.ti_sec;
i++;
display(100,100,hr);
display(200,100,min);
display(300,100,sec);
sound(400);
delay(30);
nosound();
delay(930);
cleardevice();
}
getch();
}
void display(int x,int y,int num)
{
char str[3];
itoa(num,str,10);
settextstyle(4,0,7);
outtextxy(180,100,":");
outtextxy(280,100,":");
outtextxy(x,y,str);
rectangle(90,90,380,200);
rectangle(70,70,400,220);
outtextxy(90,250,"Digital Clock");
}
8. Write a Program to implement bouncing ball using sine wave form.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#define HEIGHT getmaxy()
#define WIDTH getmaxx()
#define GROUND 450
#define MAXHEIGHT 420
void main()
{
int x,y=0,t=MAXHEIGHT,c=1;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\T urboC3\\BGI");
for(x=40;x<=getmaxx();x=x+2)
{
//Draw Ground
rectangle (0,MAXHEIGHT,getmaxx(),MAXHEIGHT+5);
floodfill (5,MAXHEIGHT+3,WHITE);
//Draw Ball
pieslice(x,y,0,360,20);
//floodfill(x,y,RED);
delay(100);
if(y>MAXHEIGHT-20)
{
c=0;
t=t-40;
}
if(y<=(MAXHEIGHT-t))
{
c=1;
}
if(t>=40)
y=y+(c? 15:-15);
cleardevice();
//Exit upon keypress
if(kbhit())
break;
}
getch();
}
9. Write a Program to implement Bouncing Ball in vertical direction.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <dos.h>
int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int i, x, y, flag=0;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
x = getmaxx()/2;
y = 30;
while (!kbhit())
{
if(y >= getmaxy()-30 || y <= 30)
flag = !flag;
/* draws the gray board */
setcolor(RED);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, RED);
circle(x, y, 30);
floodfill(x, y, RED);
delay(50);
cleardevice();
if(flag)
{
y = y + 5;
}
else
{
y = y - 5;
}
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
10. Write a program of Translation, Rotation, and Scaling using Composite
Transformation.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,a,b;
void draw();
void rotate();
int main(void)
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TC\\BGI");
printf("Enter first co-ordinate value for triangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter second co-ordinatevalues for triangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
printf("Enter third co-ordinate valuesfor triangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x3,&y3);
draw();
getch();
rotate();
getch();
return 0;
}
void draw()
{
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
}
void rotate()
{
int a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3;
float angle;
printf("Enter the rotation angle co-ordinates:");
scanf("%f",&angle);
cleardevice();
angle=(angle*3.14)/180;
a1=a+(x1-a)*cos(angle)-(y1-b)*sin(angle);
b1=b+(x1-a)*sin(angle)+(y2-b)*cos(angle);
a2=a+(x2-a)*cos(angle)-(y1-b)*sin(angle);
b2=b+(x2-a)*sin(angle)+(y2-b)*cos(angle);
a3=a+(x3-a)*cos(angle)-(y1-b)*sin(angle);
b3=b+(x3-a)*sin(angle)+(y2-b)*cos(angle);
printf("ROTATION");
printf("\n Changed coordinates\n");
printf("%d %d\n%d %d\n%d %d",a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3);
line(a1,b1,a2,b2);
line(a2,b2,a3,b3);
line(a3,b3,a1,b1);
}
11. Write a program to draw a Circle using midpoint implementation Method.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void drawcircle(int x0, int y0, int radius)
{
int x = radius;
int y = 0;
int err = 0;
while (x >= y)
{
putpixel(x0 + x, y0 + y, 7);
putpixel(x0 + y, y0 + x, 7);
putpixel(x0 - y, y0 + x, 7);
putpixel(x0 - x, y0 + y, 7);
putpixel(x0 - x, y0 - y, 7);
putpixel(x0 - y, y0 - x, 7);
putpixel(x0 + y, y0 - x, 7);
putpixel(x0 + x, y0 - y, 7);
if (err <= 0)
{
y += 1;
err += 2*y + 1;
}
if (err > 0)
{
x -= 1;
err -= 2*x + 1;
}
}
}
void main()
{
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, error, x, y, r;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
printf("Enter radius of circle: ");
scanf("%d", &r);
printf("Enter co-ordinates of center(x and y): ");
scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
drawcircle(x, y, r);
getch();
}
12. Program to draw Sine, Cosine and Tangent Curves
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define pi 3.14
class arc
{
float x, y, a, xm, ym;
int i, ch;
public:
void get();
void map();
void sine();
void cosine();
void tangent();
};
void arc::get()
{
cout<<"\n ENTER THE MAXIMUM VALUE FOR Y";
cin>>y;
cout<<"\n MENU IS---------";
cout<<"\n 1-> SINE CURVE";
cout<<"\n 2->COSINE CURVE";
cout<<"\n 3-> TANGENT CURVE";
cout<<"\n 4-> EXIT";
cout<<"\n ENTER YOUR CHOICE";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case1:
sine();
break();
case2:
cosine();
case3:
tangent();
case4:
exit(0);
}
}
void arc::sine()
{
cleardevice();
xm=getmaxx()/2;
ym=getmaxy()/2;
line(xm, 0, xm, 2*ym);
line(0, ym, 2 *xm, ym);
outtextxy(0, ym, "X-AXIS");
outtextxy(xm, 0, "Y-AXIS");
for(x=-300;x<=300;x=x+0.5)
{
y=a*sin((pi*x)/180);
putpixel(x+(320),-y+240,RED);
}
}
void arc::cosine()
{
cleardevice();
xm=getmaxx()/2;
ym=getmaxy()/2;
line(xm, 0, xm, 2*ym);
line(0, ym, 2 *xm, ym);
outtextxy(0, ym, "X-AXIS");
outtextxy(xm, 0, "Y-AXIS");
for(x=-300;x<=300;x=x+0.5)
{
y=a*cos((pi*x)/180);
putpixel(x+(320),-y+240,RED);
}
}
void arc :: map()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph (&gd, &gm, "");
int errorcode = graphresult();
/*an error occurred */
if (errorcode!=grOK)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s \n",grapherrormsg (errorcode));
printf("Press and key to halt: ");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}
}
void main()
{
class arc a;
clrscr();
a.map();
a.get();
getch();
}
13. Draw shapes using C graphics
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
int gd = DETECT,gm,left=100,top=100,right=200,bottom=200,x= 300,y=150,radius=50;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
rectangle(left, top, right, bottom);
circle(x, y, radius);
bar(left + 300, top, right + 300, bottom);
line(left - 10, top + 150, left + 410, top + 150);
ellipse(x, y + 200, 0, 360, 100, 50);
outtextxy(left + 100, top + 325, "My first C graphics program");
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
14. C program draw bar chart
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
setcolor(YELLOW);
rectangle(0,30,639,450);
settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,HORIZ_DIR,2);
setcolor(WHITE);
outtextxy(275,0,"Bar Chart");
setlinestyle(SOLID_LINE,0,2);
line(100,420,100,60);
line(100,420,600,420);
line(90,70,100,60);
line(110,70,100,60);
line(590,410,600,420);
line(590,430,600,420);
outtextxy(95,35,"Y");
outtextxy(610,405,"X");
outtextxy(85,415,"O");
setfillstyle(LINE_FILL,BLUE);
bar(150,100,200,419);
setfillstyle(XHATCH_FILL,RED);
bar(225,150,275,419);
setfillstyle(WIDE_DOT_FILL,GREEN);
bar(300,200,350,419);
setfillstyle(INTERLEAVE_FILL,MAGENTA);
bar(375,125,425,419);
setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,BROWN);
bar(450,175,500,419);
getch();
return 0;
}
15. C program for DDA line generation
#include <graphics.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// Function for finding absolute value
int abs(int n) { return ((n > 0) ? n : (n * (-1))); }
// DDA Function for line generation
void DDA(int X0, int Y0, int X1, int Y1)
{
// calculate dx & dy
int dx = X1 - X0;
int dy = Y1 - Y0;
// calculate steps required for generating pixels
int steps = abs(dx) > abs(dy) ? abs(dx) : abs(dy);
// calculate increment in x & y for each steps
float Xinc = dx / (float)steps;
float Yinc = dy / (float)steps;
// Put pixel for each step
float X = X0;
float Y = Y0;
for (int i = 0; i <= steps; i++) {
putpixel(round(X), round(Y),
RED); // put pixel at (X,Y)
X += Xinc; // increment in x at each step
Y += Yinc; // increment in y at each step
delay(100); // for visualization of line-
// generation step by step
}
}
// Driver program
int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
// Initialize graphics function
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
int X0 = 2, Y0 = 2, X1 = 14, Y1 = 16;
// Function call
DDA(2, 2, 14, 16);
return 0;
}
16. Program to implement Bresenham's Line Drawing Algorithm:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void drawline(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
{
int dx, dy, p, x, y;
dx=x1-x0;
dy=y1-y0;
x=x0;
y=y0;
p=2*dy-dx;
while(x<x1)
{
if(p>=0)
{
putpixel(x,y,7);
y=y+1;
p=p+2*dy-2*dx;
}
else
{
putpixel(x,y,7);
p=p+2*dy;}
x=x+1;
}
}
int main()
{
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, error, x0, y0, x1, y1;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
printf("Enter co-ordinates of first point: ");
scanf("%d%d", &x0, &y0);
printf("Enter co-ordinates of second point: ");
scanf("%d%d", &x1, &y1);
drawline(x0, y0, x1, y1);
return 0;
}
17. DDA Circle drawing algorithm
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
int xc=340,yc=280,y,r,x;
float theta;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\turboc3\\BGI");
//printf("Enter the center of circle:");
//scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);
printf("Enter radius of circle:");
scanf("%d",&r);
for(theta=0;theta<=2*3.14;theta+=0.01)
x=(int)(xc+(r*cos(theta)));
y=(int)(yc+(r*sin(theta)));
putpixel(x,y,WHITE);
getch();
closegraph();
18. Bresenham’s Circle drawing algorithm
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int r,x,y,p,xc=320,yc=240;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TurboC3\\BGI");
cleardevice();
printf("Enter the radius");
scanf("%d",&r);
x=0;
y=r;
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,1);
p=3-(2*r);
for(x=0;x<=y;x++)
if(p<0)
y=y;
p=(p+(4*x)+6);
else
{
y=y-1;
p=p+((4*(x-y)+10));
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,1);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,2);
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,3);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,4);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,5);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,6);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,7);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,8);
getch();
closegraph();
19. Cohen sutherland line clipping Algorithm
//Write a program to implement Cohen Sutherland line clipping algorithm.
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
const int t=1,b=2,r=2,l=8;
float xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax;
int calcode(float x,float y)
int code=0;
if(y>ymax)
code |=t;
else if(y<ymin)
code|=b;
else if(x>xmax)
code|=r;
else if(x<xmin)
code|=l;
return(code);
void lineclip(float x1,float y1,float x2,float y2)
unsigned int code1,code2,codeout;
int accept=0,done=0;
code1=calcode(x1,y1);
code2=calcode(x2,y2);
do
if(!(code1|code2))
accept=1;
done=1;
else if(code1 & code2)
done=1;
else
float x,y;
codeout=code1?code1:code2;
if(codeout& t)
x=x1+(x2-x1)*(ymax-y1)/(y2-y1);
y=ymax;
else if(codeout& b)
x=x1+(x2-x1)*(ymin-y1)/(y2-y1);
y=ymin;
else if(codeout& r)
y=y1+(y2-y1)*(xmax-x1)/(x2-x1);
x=xmax;
else
y=y1+(y2-y1)*(xmin-x1)/(x2-x1);
x=xmin;
if(codeout==code1)
{
x1=x;
y1=y;
code1=calcode(x1,y1);
else
x2=x;
y2=y;
code2=calcode(x2,y2);
while(done==0);
if(accept)
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);
main()
float x1,y1,x2,y2;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TurboC3\\BGI");
printf("Enter the co-ordinates of line ::::\n\t x1");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("\n\t y1:");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("\n\t x2:");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("\n\t y2:");
scanf("%f",&y2);
printf("Enter the co-ordinates of window :::\n");
printf("\n\txmin");
scanf("%f",&xmin);
printf("\n\tymin");
scanf("%f",&ymin);
printf("\n\txmax");
scanf("%f",&xmax);
printf("\n\tymax");
scanf("%f",&ymax);
clrscr();
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
rectangle(xmin,ymin,xmax,ymax);
getch();
clrscr();
lineclip(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
20. Animate national flag
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
int gd = DETECT,gm,a,b,i,r,x,y;
initgraph(&gd, &gm,"C:\\Turboc3\\BGI");
//draw the bottom rectangle
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,1);
rectangle(10,320,200,340);
floodfill(11,321,15);
rectangle(30,300,175,320);
floodfill(31,301,15);
rectangle(50,280,155,300);
floodfill(51,281,15);
//draw the pole
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,3);
rectangle(100,38,110,280);
floodfill(101,39,15);
//draw the top rectangle
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
rectangle(110,40,220,58);
floodfill(111,43,15);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,15);
rectangle(110,58,220,78);
floodfill(111,59,15);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);
rectangle(110,78,220,98);
floodfill(111,79,15);
//Ashok chakra
a=160;
b=68;
r=13;
setcolor(BLUE);
circle(a,b,r);
for(i=0;i<=360;i=i+25)
x=r*cos(i*3.14/180);
y=r*sin(i*3.14/180);
line(a,b,a+x,b-y);
getch();
return 0;
// closegraph();
