R Program to Add and Subtract Two Matrices

Introduction

Matrix operations are fundamental in various fields such as mathematics, data analysis, and machine learning. This guide will walk you through writing an R program that performs matrix addition and subtraction.

Problem Statement

Create an R program that:

• Creates two matrices with the same dimensions.
• Adds the two matrices.
• Subtracts the second matrix from the first.
• Displays the resulting matrices.

Example:

• Input: Two 2×2 matrices:
  • Matrix A: 1 2 | 3 4
  • Matrix B: 5 6 | 7 8
• Output:
  • Addition Result: 6 8 | 10 12
  • Subtraction Result: -4 -4 | -4 -4

Solution Steps

1. Create Two Matrices: Use the matrix() function to create two matrices with the same dimensions.
2. Add the Matrices: Use the + operator to perform element-wise addition of the two matrices.
3. Subtract the Matrices: Use the - operator to perform element-wise subtraction of the two matrices.
4. Display the Results: Use the print() function to display the resulting matrices.

R Program

# R Program to Add and Subtract Two Matrices # Author: Ramesh Fadatare # Step 1: Create two matrices matrix_A <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4), nrow = 2, ncol = 2) matrix_B <- matrix(c(5, 6, 7, 8), nrow = 2, ncol = 2) # Step 2: Add the matrices addition_result <- matrix_A + matrix_B # Step 3: Subtract the matrices subtraction_result <- matrix_A - matrix_B # Step 4: Display the results print("Matrix A:") print(matrix_A) print("Matrix B:") print(matrix_B) print("Addition of Matrix A and Matrix B:") print(addition_result) print("Subtraction of Matrix B from Matrix A:") print(subtraction_result) 

Explanation

Step 1: Create Two Matrices

• The matrix() function is used to create matrix_A and matrix_B, each with dimensions 2×2.
• matrix_A is populated with values 1, 2, 3, 4, and matrix_B with 5, 6, 7, 8.

Step 2: Add the Matrices

• The + operator performs element-wise addition of matrix_A and matrix_B. The result is stored in addition_result.

Step 3: Subtract the Matrices

• The - operator performs element-wise subtraction of matrix_B from matrix_A. The result is stored in subtraction_result.

Step 4: Display the Results

• The print() function is used to display matrix_A, matrix_B, the result of the addition, and the result of the subtraction.

Output Example

Example:

[1] "Matrix A:" [,1] [,2] [1,] 1 3 [2,] 2 4 [1] "Matrix B:" [,1] [,2] [1,] 5 7 [2,] 6 8 [1] "Addition of Matrix A and Matrix B:" [,1] [,2] [1,] 6 10 [2,] 8 12 [1] "Subtraction of Matrix B from Matrix A:" [,1] [,2] [1,] -4 -4 [2,] -4 -4 

Conclusion

This R program demonstrates how to perform matrix addition and subtraction using basic arithmetic operations. It covers fundamental concepts such as matrix creation, element-wise operations, and displaying results. Understanding matrix operations is essential for various applications in data analysis, statistics, and scientific computing, making this example valuable for beginners learning R programming.