C++20 std::format is 2x slower than std::fstream?

1. fast_io

   1 19 153 9.9 C++

   Discontinued C++20 Concepts IO library which is 10x faster than stdio and iostream (by tearosccebe)

   concat and concatln function generates std::string. https://github.com/tearosccebe/fast_io/blob/master/benchmark/0002.file_io_tsc/time/iobuf_file_concatln.cc

2. Stream

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3. dtoa-benchmark

   2 5 0 6.7 C++

   Discontinued C++ double-to-string conversion benchmark

   https://github.com/tearosccebe/dtoa-benchmark/blob/master/src/fast_io_scientific.cpp on your buffer

4. nanobench

   3 13 1,604 2.5 C++

   Simple, fast, accurate single-header microbenchmarking functionality for C++11/14/17/20

   

   I've tried again with your latest changes and decided to use https://github.com/martinus/nanobench for a better benchmark and got the following output:

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