Python Operators Tutorial

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Introduction

Operators are special symbols in Python that carry out arithmetic or logical computation. The value that the operator operates on is called the operand. Python provides a variety of operators, which can be categorized into different types based on their functionality.

Table of Contents

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Comparison Operators
3. Logical Operators
4. Bitwise Operators
5. Assignment Operators
6. Membership Operators
7. Identity Operators
8. Conclusion

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

Table of Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Description
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Modulus
**	Exponentiation
//	Floor Division

Examples

# Addition print(5 + 3) # Output: 8 # Subtraction print(5 - 3) # Output: 2 # Multiplication print(5 * 3) # Output: 15 # Division print(5 / 2) # Output: 2.5 # Modulus print(5 % 2) # Output: 1 # Exponentiation print(5 ** 2) # Output: 25 # Floor Division print(5 // 2) # Output: 2 

2. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values. They return a boolean value, either True or False.

Table of Comparison Operators

Operator	Description
==	Equal to
!=	Not equal to
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal to
<=	Less than or equal to

Examples

# Equal to print(5 == 3) # Output: False # Not equal to print(5 != 3) # Output: True # Greater than print(5 > 3) # Output: True # Less than print(5 < 3) # Output: False # Greater than or equal to print(5 >= 3) # Output: True # Less than or equal to print(5 <= 3) # Output: False 

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

Table of Logical Operators

Operator	Description
and	Logical AND
or	Logical OR
not	Logical NOT

Examples

# Logical AND print(True and False) # Output: False # Logical OR print(True or False) # Output: True # Logical NOT print(not True) # Output: False 

4. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to perform bit-level operations on binary numbers.

Table of Bitwise Operators

Operator	Description
&	AND
|	OR
^	XOR
~	NOT
<<	Left Shift
>>	Right Shift

Examples

# Bitwise AND print(5 & 3) # Output: 1 # Bitwise OR print(5 | 3) # Output: 7 # Bitwise XOR print(5 ^ 3) # Output: 6 # Bitwise NOT print(~5) # Output: -6 # Left Shift print(5 << 1) # Output: 10 # Right Shift print(5 >> 1) # Output: 2 

5. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Table of Assignment Operators

Operator	Description
=	Assign
+=	Add and assign
-=	Subtract and assign
*=	Multiply and assign
/=	Divide and assign
%=	Modulus and assign
**=	Exponentiate and assign
//=	Floor divide and assign
&=	Bitwise AND and assign
|=	Bitwise OR and assign
^=	Bitwise XOR and assign
<<=	Left shift and assign
>>=	Right shift and assign

Examples

# Assign a = 5 print(a) # Output: 5 # Add and assign a += 5 print(a) # Output: 10 # Subtract and assign a -= 3 print(a) # Output: 7 # Multiply and assign a *= 2 print(a) # Output: 14 # Divide and assign a /= 2 print(a) # Output: 7.0 # Modulus and assign a %= 3 print(a) # Output: 1.0 # Exponentiate and assign a **= 3 print(a) # Output: 1.0 # Floor divide and assign a = 10 a //= 3 print(a) # Output: 3 # Bitwise AND and assign a &= 2 print(a) # Output: 2 # Bitwise OR and assign a |= 3 print(a) # Output: 3 # Bitwise XOR and assign a ^= 1 print(a) # Output: 2 # Left shift and assign a <<= 2 print(a) # Output: 8 # Right shift and assign a >>= 1 print(a) # Output: 4 

6. Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence contains a specific item.

Table of Membership Operators

Operator	Description
in	Returns True if sequence contains the specified item

4, 5]|True | | not in | Returns True if sequence does not contain the specified item |6 not in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]|True` |

Examples

# in print(5 in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) # Output: True # not in print(6 not in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) # Output: True 

7. Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location.

Table of Identity Operators

Operator	Description
is	Returns True if both variables are the same object
is not	Returns True if both variables are not the same object

Examples

a = [1, 2, 3] b = a c = [1, 2, 3] # is print(a is b) # Output: True print(a is c) # Output: False # is not print(a is not c) # Output: True 

8. Conclusion

Python operators are essential tools that allow you to perform a variety of operations on variables and values. Understanding how to use each type of operator—arithmetic, comparison, logical, bitwise, assignment, membership, and identity—will enable you to write more efficient and effective Python code. This tutorial provided an overview of each operator category along with examples to demonstrate their use.