How to Run a Python Script using Docker?

Running a Python script inside a Docker container allows you to execute your code in an isolated environment with specific dependencies, ensuring consistent behavior regardless of where Docker is running.

Here's a step-by-step guide to run a Python script using Docker:

1. Write your Python script:

   Let's say you have a Python script named script.py.

   # script.py print("Hello from Docker!") 

2. Create a Dockerfile:

   The Dockerfile defines the environment in which your script will run. Here's a basic example:

   # Use an official Python runtime as a parent image FROM python:3.8-slim # Set the working directory in the container WORKDIR /usr/src/app # Copy the local script.py to the container COPY script.py . # Run script.py when the container launches CMD ["python", "./script.py"] 

3. Build the Docker image:

   Navigate to the directory containing your script.py and Dockerfile, then run:

   docker build -t my-python-script . 

   This command will build a Docker image and tag it with the name my-python-script.

4. Run the Docker container:

   Once the image is built, you can run it:

   docker run my-python-script 

   This will start a container from the my-python-script image and execute your Python script. You should see the output: Hello from Docker!.

5. (Optional) Managing dependencies:

   If your script requires external libraries, you'd typically use a requirements.txt file:

   requests==2.25.1 numpy==1.20.0 

   Update your Dockerfile to install these dependencies:

   # Copy the requirements file into the container COPY requirements.txt . # Install Python dependencies RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt # Rest of the Dockerfile remains the same... 

   Then, make sure to rebuild the Docker image.

This approach allows you to encapsulate your Python script and its environment into a Docker container, ensuring that it runs consistently across different systems.

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