node.js - Create non root user in Docker Alpine images with lesser image size?

Node.js - Create non root user in Docker Alpine images with lesser image size?

Creating a non-root user in a Docker Alpine image can help enhance the security of your application. Additionally, using a non-root user is a good practice to follow the principle of least privilege. Here's a basic example of how you can create a non-root user in a Dockerfile for an Alpine-based image:

# Use the Alpine Linux base image FROM alpine:latest # Create a non-root user with a home directory RUN adduser -D -h /app nonrootuser # Set the working directory to the non-root user's home directory WORKDIR /app # Copy your application files to the container COPY . . # Specify the non-root user as the user for subsequent commands USER nonrootuser # Your application-specific commands go here CMD ["./your_application_executable"]

Explanation:

  • adduser -D -h /app nonrootuser: This command adds a non-root user named nonrootuser with the home directory set to /app. The -D flag means a system user (no password and home directory specified). Adjust the home directory as needed.

  • WORKDIR /app: Sets the working directory to /app, which is the home directory of the non-root user.

  • USER nonrootuser: Specifies that subsequent commands should be executed as the nonrootuser.

Replace ./your_application_executable with the actual command needed to start your application.

Build your Docker image using the following command:

docker build -t your_image_name .

This approach helps reduce the security risk by running your application in the container as a non-root user. Additionally, it contributes to a smaller image size, which is one of the benefits of using Alpine Linux as a base image.

Examples

  1. "Docker Alpine image non-root user setup"

    • Code:
      FROM node:alpine # Create a non-root user RUN adduser -D -u 1001 myuser USER myuser WORKDIR /app
    • Description: This Dockerfile snippet creates a non-root user named myuser with UID 1001 and sets it as the default user for subsequent commands.

  2. "Alpine Docker image reduce size with non-root user"

    • Code:
      FROM node:alpine # Create a non-root user and switch to it RUN adduser -D -u 1001 myuser USER myuser WORKDIR /app
    • Description: Minimizes the Docker image size by creating a non-root user and setting it as the user for subsequent commands, reducing potential security risks.

  3. "Dockerfile best practices for non-root user in Alpine"

    • Code:
      FROM node:alpine # Create a non-root user RUN adduser -D -u 1001 myuser USER myuser WORKDIR /app
    • Description: Demonstrates a best practice by creating a non-root user early in the Dockerfile to enhance security and minimize image size.

  4. "Node.js Docker Alpine non-root user security"

    • Code:
      FROM node:alpine # Create a non-root user with reduced privileges RUN adduser -D -u 1001 -s /bin/sh myuser USER myuser WORKDIR /app
    • Description: Enhances security by specifying /bin/sh as the login shell for the non-root user, limiting potential access.

  5. "Docker multi-stage build with non-root user in Alpine"

    • Code:
      # Stage 1: Build stage FROM node:alpine as builder WORKDIR /app COPY . . RUN npm install RUN npm run build # Stage 2: Production stage FROM node:alpine # Create a non-root user RUN adduser -D -u 1001 myuser USER myuser WORKDIR /app COPY --from=builder /app/dist /app/dist
    • Description: Implements multi-stage Docker build with a non-root user in the production stage, minimizing the final image size.

  6. "Node.js Alpine Docker image user permissions"

    • Code:
      FROM node:alpine # Create a non-root user RUN adduser -D -u 1001 myuser USER myuser WORKDIR /app # Copy application files with correct permissions COPY --chown=myuser:myuser . . # Continue with other commands
    • Description: Ensures proper permissions for application files by using the --chown option during the Dockerfile COPY step.

  7. "Docker Alpine image security best practices"

    • Code:
      FROM node:alpine # Create a non-root user with reduced privileges RUN adduser -D -u 1001 -s /bin/sh myuser USER myuser WORKDIR /app # Implement other security best practices...
    • Description: Integrates non-root user creation as part of a broader security best practices approach in Docker Alpine images.

  8. "Alpine Docker image without root access for Node.js"

    • Code:
      FROM node:alpine # Create a non-root user RUN adduser -D -u 1001 -s /bin/sh myuser USER myuser WORKDIR /app
    • Description: Explicitly sets /bin/sh as the login shell for the non-root user, further limiting access.

  9. "Docker Alpine image non-root user troubleshooting"

    • Code:
      FROM node:alpine # Create a non-root user RUN adduser -D -u 1001 myuser || true USER myuser WORKDIR /app
    • Description: Includes error handling (|| true) to prevent the build from failing if the user already exists, aiding troubleshooting.

  10. "Docker-compose with non-root user in Node.js Alpine"

    • Code:
      version: '3' services: app: build: context: . dockerfile: Dockerfile user: 1001
    • Description: Demonstrates how to set the non-root user for a service in a Docker Compose file, ensuring consistency with the Dockerfile setup.

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