java - How to test Classes with @ConfigurationProperties and @Autowired

Java - How to test Classes with @ConfigurationProperties and @Autowired

Testing classes annotated with @ConfigurationProperties and @Autowired in Spring can be done effectively using Spring's testing support. Below is an example of how to set up a test for such classes using JUnit 5 and Spring Boot's testing framework.

Step-by-Step Guide

  1. Set Up Dependencies: Ensure your pom.xml includes the necessary dependencies for Spring Boot testing.

    <dependencies> <!-- Spring Boot Starter Test --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>

  2. Create the Configuration Properties Class: Annotate your class with @ConfigurationProperties.

    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "myapp") public class MyAppProperties { private String name; private int timeout; // Getters and Setters public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getTimeout() { return timeout; } public void setTimeout(int timeout) { this.timeout = timeout; } }

  3. Service Class Using @Autowired: Create a service class that autowires the properties.

    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class MyService { private final MyAppProperties myAppProperties; @Autowired public MyService(MyAppProperties myAppProperties) { this.myAppProperties = myAppProperties; } public String getName() { return myAppProperties.getName(); } public int getTimeout() { return myAppProperties.getTimeout(); } }

  4. Application Properties: Define your properties in application.yml or application.properties.

    myapp: name: MyApplication timeout: 30

  5. Write the Test: Use Spring Boot's test framework to test your configuration properties and service.

    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals; @SpringBootTest @ActiveProfiles("test") public class MyServiceTest { @Autowired private MyService myService; @Test public void testConfigurationProperties() { assertEquals("MyApplication", myService.getName()); assertEquals(30, myService.getTimeout()); } }

  6. Test Properties: If you need different properties for testing, create a src/test/resources/application-test.yml.

    myapp: name: TestApplication timeout: 15

Explanation

  • Dependencies: Ensure you have spring-boot-starter-test in your dependencies for testing support.
  • Configuration Properties Class: Use @ConfigurationProperties to map properties from the application configuration file.
  • Service Class: Autowire the properties class into your service.
  • Application Properties: Define the actual properties in your application.yml or application.properties.
  • Spring Boot Test: Use @SpringBootTest to create a Spring application context for the test, which will load the configuration properties and autowire the beans.
  • Active Profiles: Use @ActiveProfiles("test") to load properties from application-test.yml during testing.

This setup ensures that your configuration properties are correctly loaded and injected into your service, and it provides a way to test them effectively.

Examples

  1. How to mock @ConfigurationProperties in JUnit tests in Spring Boot?

    • Description: Mocking and testing classes annotated with @ConfigurationProperties in Spring Boot applications.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class MyConfigurationTest { @Autowired private MyConfigurationProperties properties; @Test public void testConfigurationProperties() { // Test your configuration properties here assertNotNull(properties); assertEquals("example", properties.getName()); } }

  2. How to initialize @ConfigurationProperties for testing in Spring Boot?

    • Description: Setting up test scenarios to initialize and test classes using @ConfigurationProperties.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest @TestPropertySource(properties = { "myapp.name=example", "myapp.enabled=true" }) public class MyConfigurationTest { @Autowired private MyConfigurationProperties properties; @Test public void testConfigurationProperties() { // Test your configuration properties here assertNotNull(properties); assertEquals("example", properties.getName()); assertTrue(properties.isEnabled()); } }

  3. How to mock @ConfigurationProperties in Spring Boot with Mockito?

    • Description: Using Mockito to mock @ConfigurationProperties beans for unit testing in Spring Boot.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class) public class MyServiceTest { @Mock private MyConfigurationProperties mockProperties; @InjectMocks private MyService myService; @Test public void testMyService() { // Mocking behavior of configuration properties when(mockProperties.getName()).thenReturn("mockedExample"); // Test your service logic using mockProperties assertEquals("mockedExample", myService.getConfiguredName()); } }

  4. How to test @ConfigurationProperties validation in Spring Boot?

    • Description: Validating @ConfigurationProperties using constraints and testing in Spring Boot applications.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest @TestPropertySource(properties = { "myapp.name=" // invalid, requires a value }) public class MyConfigurationValidationTest { @Autowired private MyConfigurationProperties properties; @Test(expected = BindException.class) public void testConfigurationValidation() { // Invalid configuration should throw BindException assertNotNull(properties); } }

  5. How to test conditional @ConfigurationProperties in Spring Boot?

    • Description: Writing tests for @ConfigurationProperties that are conditionally loaded based on profiles or conditions.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest @ActiveProfiles("test") public class ConditionalConfigurationTest { @Autowired private ConditionalConfigurationProperties properties; @Test public void testConditionalConfiguration() { // Test your conditional configuration properties here assertNotNull(properties); assertEquals("testValue", properties.getConditionalProperty()); } }

  6. How to inject @ConfigurationProperties using TestApplicationContextInitializer?

    • Description: Injecting @ConfigurationProperties beans using TestApplicationContextInitializer in Spring Boot tests.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = MyApplication.class, initializers = TestApplicationContextInitializer.class) public class ConfigurationPropertiesInitializerTest { @Autowired private MyConfigurationProperties properties; @Test public void testConfigurationProperties() { // Test your configuration properties here assertNotNull(properties); assertEquals("example", properties.getName()); } }

  7. How to use @TestConfiguration with @ConfigurationProperties in Spring Boot tests?

    • Description: Using @TestConfiguration to define configuration beans with @ConfigurationProperties for testing.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class TestConfigurationPropertiesTest { @TestConfiguration static class TestConfig { @Bean @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "test.myapp") public MyConfigurationProperties myConfigurationProperties() { return new MyConfigurationProperties(); } } @Autowired private MyConfigurationProperties properties; @Test public void testConfigurationProperties() { // Test your configuration properties here assertNotNull(properties); assertEquals("example", properties.getName()); } }

  8. How to test hierarchical @ConfigurationProperties in Spring Boot?

    • Description: Testing nested or hierarchical @ConfigurationProperties classes in Spring Boot applications.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class HierarchicalConfigurationPropertiesTest { @Autowired private HierarchicalConfigurationProperties properties; @Test public void testHierarchicalConfigurationProperties() { // Test your hierarchical configuration properties here assertNotNull(properties); assertEquals("example", properties.getParent().getName()); assertTrue(properties.getChildren().containsKey("child1")); } }

  9. How to test @ConfigurationProperties with relaxed binding in Spring Boot?

    • Description: Writing tests for @ConfigurationProperties with relaxed binding (accepting various property naming conventions) in Spring Boot.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest @TestPropertySource(properties = { "myapp.name=example", "myapp.enabled=true" }) public class RelaxedBindingConfigurationTest { @Autowired private MyConfigurationProperties properties; @Test public void testRelaxedBindingConfiguration() { // Test your configuration properties here assertNotNull(properties); assertEquals("example", properties.getName()); assertTrue(properties.isEnabled()); } }

  10. How to test @ConfigurationProperties with @Value injection in Spring Boot?

    • Description: Combining @ConfigurationProperties with @Value injection and testing in Spring Boot applications.
    • Code:
      @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class ConfigurationPropertiesWithValueInjectionTest { @Value("${myapp.name}") private String appName; @Autowired private MyConfigurationProperties properties; @Test public void testConfigurationPropertiesWithValueInjection() { // Test your configuration properties and @Value injection here assertNotNull(properties); assertEquals("example", properties.getName()); assertEquals("example", appName); } }

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