Python datetime
The datetime module in Python provides classes to work with dates and times. In this tutorial, we'll cover some of the most commonly used classes and methods in the datetime module.
datetime.dateclass:
The date class represents a date (year, month, and day). Here's how to create a date object and access its attributes:
from datetime import date # Create a date object d = date(2023, 5, 1) # Access date attributes print(d.year) # Output: 2023 print(d.month) # Output: 5 print(d.day) # Output: 1
To get the current date, use the date.today() method:
from datetime import date # Get the current date current_date = date.today() print(current_date)
datetime.timeclass:
The time class represents a time of day (hour, minute, second, microsecond). Here's how to create a time object and access its attributes:
from datetime import time # Create a time object t = time(14, 30, 45) # Access time attributes print(t.hour) # Output: 14 print(t.minute) # Output: 30 print(t.second) # Output: 45
datetime.datetimeclass:
The datetime class represents both date and time. Here's how to create a datetime object and access its attributes:
from datetime import datetime # Create a datetime object dt = datetime(2023, 5, 1, 14, 30, 45) # Access datetime attributes print(dt.year) # Output: 2023 print(dt.month) # Output: 5 print(dt.day) # Output: 1 print(dt.hour) # Output: 14 print(dt.minute) # Output: 30 print(dt.second) # Output: 45
To get the current date and time, use the datetime.now() method:
from datetime import datetime # Get the current date and time current_datetime = datetime.now() print(current_datetime)
datetime.timedeltaclass:
The timedelta class represents a duration or difference between two dates or times. Here's how to create a timedelta object and perform arithmetic operations with dates and times:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta # Create datetime objects dt1 = datetime(2023, 5, 1, 14, 30, 45) dt2 = datetime(2023, 5, 10, 16, 45, 30) # Calculate the difference between two datetimes diff = dt2 - dt1 print(diff) # Output: 9 days, 2:14:45 # Add a duration to a datetime duration = timedelta(days=7, hours=3) new_dt = dt1 + duration print(new_dt) # Output: 2023-05-08 17:30:45
Examples
Working with dates in Python using
datetime:- Description: The
datetimemodule provides classes for working with dates and times in Python. - Code:
from datetime import datetime # Current date and time current_datetime = datetime.now()
- Description: The
Creating
datetimeobjects in Python:- Description:
datetimeobjects can be created by specifying the year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. - Code:
from datetime import datetime # Creating a datetime object specific_datetime = datetime(2023, 1, 15, 12, 30, 0)
- Description:
Formatting and parsing dates with
datetimein Python:- Description:
strftimeis used to formatdatetimeobjects into strings, andstrptimeis used for parsing strings intodatetimeobjects. - Code:
from datetime import datetime # Formatting datetime formatted_date = current_datetime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # Parsing string to datetime parsed_datetime = datetime.strptime('2023-01-15 12:30:00', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')- Description:
Performing arithmetic operations with
datetimeobjects:- Description:
datetimeobjects support arithmetic operations for calculating durations. - Code:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta # Adding days to a datetime object future_date = current_datetime + timedelta(days=7)
- Description:
Dealing with time zones in Python
datetime:- Description: Use the
pytzlibrary to work with time zones indatetime. - Code:
from datetime import datetime import pytz # Creating a datetime object with time zone tz = pytz.timezone('America/New_York') localized_datetime = datetime.now(tz)- Description: Use the
Handling
timedeltafor date and time differences in Python:- Description:
timedeltarepresents the difference between two dates or times. - Code:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta # Creating a timedelta object time_difference = future_date - current_datetime
- Description:
Converting between
datetimeand string in Python:- Description: Convert
datetimeobjects to strings and vice versa. - Code:
from datetime import datetime # Converting datetime to string date_string = current_datetime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # Converting string to datetime converted_datetime = datetime.strptime(date_string, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')- Description: Convert
Using
datetimewith file I/O in Python:- Description: Store and retrieve
datetimeobjects in/from files. - Code:
from datetime import datetime # Writing datetime to a file with open('timestamp.txt', 'w') as file: file.write(current_datetime.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')) # Reading datetime from a file with open('timestamp.txt', 'r') as file: stored_datetime = datetime.strptime(file.read(), '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')- Description: Store and retrieve
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