File & Directory Commands

Command Description Example
ls List directory contents with details (permissions, owner, size) ls -la
cd Change current directory (use ~ for home directory) cd /var/www
pwd Print working directory (shows current path) pwd
mkdir Create new directory (use -p to create parent directories) mkdir -p project/src
rm Remove files/directories (-r for recursive, -f to force) rm -rf temp/
cp Copy files (-r for directories, -i for interactive) cp -ri source/ destination/
mv Move or rename files/directories mv oldname.txt newname.txt
find Search for files in directory hierarchy find /home -name “*.txt”