Fails to build with NVHPC 24.5 #236
Description
Hello,
I am trying to build using NVIDIA C++ Compiler nvc++ version 24.5
CC := nvc++ CFLAGS := -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -mp -std=c++11 It complains with the following error(s):
nvc++ -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -mp -std=c++11 -o heterogeneity BioFVM_vector.o BioFVM_mesh.o BioFVM_microenvironment.o BioFVM_solvers.o BioFVM_matlab.o BioFVM_utilities.o BioFVM_basic_agent.o BioFVM_MultiCellDS.o BioFVM_agent_container.o pugixml.o PhysiCell_phenotype.o PhysiCell_cell_container.o PhysiCell_standard_models.o PhysiCell_cell.o PhysiCell_custom.o PhysiCell_utilities.o PhysiCell_constants.o PhysiCell_basic_signaling.o PhysiCell_signal_behavior.o PhysiCell_rules.o PhysiCell_SVG.o PhysiCell_pathology.o PhysiCell_MultiCellDS.o PhysiCell_various_outputs.o PhysiCell_pugixml.o PhysiCell_settings.o PhysiCell_geometry.o custom.o main.cpp main.cpp: /usr/bin/ld: PhysiCell_constants.o: in function `__sti___30___core_PhysiCell_constants_cpp_d2e95040': nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0xb4): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::advanced_Ki67_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0xc4): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::advanced_Ki67_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x118): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::basic_Ki67_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x120): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::basic_Ki67_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x158): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::flow_cytometry_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x164): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::live_cells_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x19c): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::flow_cytometry_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x1c8): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::live_cells_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x1f8): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::flow_cytometry_separated_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x234): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::flow_cytometry_separated_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x268): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::cycling_quiescent_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x274): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::apoptosis_death_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x278): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::necrosis_death_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x2b4): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::cycling_quiescent_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x2e0): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::apoptosis_death_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x30c): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::advanced_Ki67_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x310): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::necrosis_death_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x34c): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::advanced_Ki67_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x370): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::basic_Ki67_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x378): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::basic_Ki67_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x3f4): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::flow_cytometry_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x3f8): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::flow_cytometry_cycle_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x508): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::cycling_quiescent_model' /usr/bin/ld: nvc++Ormxb4w0R0PHy.ll:(.text+0x514): undefined reference to `PhysiCell::PhysiCell_constants::cycling_quiescent_model' pgacclnk: child process exit status 1: /usr/bin/ld make: *** [Makefile:71: all] Error 2 I consulted NVIDIA compiler engineer. It looks like the code is not super portable. The file core/PhysiCell_constants.h contains many static data members of type const int, such as:
namespace PhysiCell { class PhysiCell_constants { public: // ... static const int advanced_Ki67_cycle_model= 0; // ... }; }; Each of those static data members must have an out-of-class definition in a .cpp file somewhere, so that storage for the static data member exists somewhere:
namespace PhysiCell { const int PhysiCell_constants::advanced_Ki67_cycle_model; } In some cases the compiler can do constant folding and optimize away references to the static data member, in which case the code can get away without the definition. With -O3 GNU seems to work. With lower optimisation flags, it may complain too. nvc++ is unable to do the constant folding in this particular situation,
It would be best if the code becomes more robust, so that PhysiCell_constants.cpp contained definitions for all the static data members of class PhysiCell_constants. That will make the code able to build in more situations and with more compilers with different optimisation levels.