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Y Fractal tree in Python using Turtle

Last Updated : 02 Jul, 2020
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A fractal is a never-ending pattern. Fractals are infinitely complex patterns that are self-similar across different scales. They are created by repeating a simple process over and over in an ongoing feedback loop. Driven by recursion, fractals are images of dynamic systems – the pictures of Chaos. In this article, we will draw a colorful Y fractal tree using a recursive technique in Python. Examples:
Output for depth level: (a) 14 (b) 12

Modules required

turtle: turtle library enables users to draw picture or shapes using commands, providing them with a virtual canvas. turtle comes with Python's Standard Library. It needs a version of Python with Tk support, as it uses tkinter for the graphics. Functions used:
  • fd(x) : draw the cursor forward by x pixels.
  • rt(x), lt(x) : rotates the facing direction of the cursor by x degrees to the right and left respectively.
  • colormode(): to change the colour mode to rgb.
  • pencolor(r, g, b): to set the colour of the turtle pen.
  • speed(): to set the speed of the turtle.
Approach :
  • We start by drawing a single 'Y' shape for the base(level 1) tree. Then both the branches of the 'Y' serve as the base of other two 'Y's(level 2).
  • This process is repeated recursively and size of the Y decreases as level increases.
  • Colouring of the tree is done level wise: darkest in the base level to lightest in the topmost.
In the implementation below, we will draw a tree of size 80 and level 7. Python3 1==
from turtle import * speed('fastest') # turning the turtle to face upwards rt(-90) # the acute angle between # the base and branch of the Y angle = 30 # function to plot a Y def y(sz, level):   if level > 0:  colormode(255)    # splitting the rgb range for green  # into equal intervals for each level  # setting the colour according  # to the current level  pencolor(0, 255//level, 0)    # drawing the base  fd(sz)  rt(angle)  # recursive call for  # the right subtree  y(0.8 * sz, level-1)    pencolor(0, 255//level, 0)    lt( 2 * angle )  # recursive call for  # the left subtree  y(0.8 * sz, level-1)    pencolor(0, 255//level, 0)    rt(angle)  fd(-sz)     # tree of size 80 and level 7 y(80, 7) 
Output :

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