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How to get the last n characters of a PHP string?

Last Updated : 31 Oct, 2018
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Write a PHP program to get last n characters of a given string. Examples:
 Input : $str = "GeeksforGeeks!" $n = 6 Output : Geeks! Input : $str = "GeeksforGeeks!" $n = 9 Output : forGeeks! 
Method 1: Tn this method, traverse the last N characters of the string and keep appending them in a new string. Example: php
<?php $str = "GeeksforGeeks!"; $n = 6; // Starting index of the string // where the new string begins $start = strlen($str) - $n; // New string $str1 = ''; for ($x = $start; $x < strlen($str); $x++) { // Appending characters to the new string $str1 .= $str[$x]; } // Print new string echo $str1; ?> 
Output:
 Geeks! 
Method 2: Another way to do this use inbuilt library function substr with parameters as the name of the string. Example: php
<?php $str = "GeeksforGeeks!"; $n = 6; $start = strlen($str) - $n; // substr returns the new string. $str1 = substr($str, $start); echo $str1; ?> 
Output:
 Geeks! 
Note: In above example, $start can also take -N to create a sub-string of last n characters

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