Backup Database in MS SQL Server

Creating regular backups of your database is crucial for ensuring data integrity and recovery in case of system failures or accidental data loss. In Microsoft SQL Server, we can create full database backups using either SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) or Transact-SQL (T-SQL).

In this guide, we will learn an overview of the methods for performing full backups, highlight the necessary permissions and prerequisites, and explain how to handle backups using both SSMS and T-SQL.

Prerequisites

To Create a Full Database Backup, the below methods could be used:

• Create a database in MS SQL Server
• SQL Server Management Studio.
• Transact-SQL.

Restriction:

Backups created on a newer version of SQL Server cannot be restored in previous versions of SQL Server.

Facts to know:

• When the database size increases, full database backups require more time and more storage space to complete.
  
• The sp_spaceused system stored procedure could be used to estimate the size of a full database backup.
  
• An entry is added for every successful backup in the SQL Server error logs and in the system event log.

Permissions:

• BACKUP DATABASE permissions to members of the sysadmin server role and the db_owner and db_backupoperator to database roles.
  
• The account under which the SQL Server service runs must have write permissions to the backup device, so the SQL Server service must be able to read and write to the device.

Backup Database in MS SQL Server Using SQL Server Management Studio

1. In Object Explorer, connect to the desired instance of the Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine, expand the server instance.
   
2. Expand Databases box and select a user database or select a system database.
   
3. Right-click the database that need to backup, click on Tasks, and then click Back Up.
4. In the Back-Up Database dialog box, the database that you selected appears in the drop-down list.
   
   • In the Backup type drop-down list, select the backup type - the default is Full.
     
   • Under Backup component, select Database.
     
   • Review the default location for the backup file, in the Destination section.
     
   • To remove a backup destination, click on it and Remove.
     
   • To backup to a new device, change the selection using the Add and select destination.
   
5. Review the other available settings under the Media Options and Backup Options pages.
6. Click OK to start the backup. Click OK to close the SQL Server Management Studio dialog box once the backup completed successfully.

Backup Database in MS SQL Server Using Transact-SQL:

• Connect to the Database Engine.
• Open New Query.

Syntax:

BACKUP DATABASE databasename TO backup_device [][WITH with_options[]];

Where,

• databasename: It is the database that need to be backed up.
  
• backup_device [DISK | TAPE]: It declares a list of backup devices from 1 to 64 to be used for the backup operation.
  
• WITH with_options [] : defines one or more options mentioned below:
  
  • COMPRESSION | NO_COMPRESSION:It defines whether backup compression is performed on this backup or not.
    
  • DESCRIPTION:It could have a maximum of 255 characters and describes the backup set.
    
  • NAME: It could have a maximum of 128 characters and describes the name of the backup set.
    
  • FORMAT [MEDIANAME] [MEDIADESCRIPTION]: It could be used while using media for the first time or to overwrite all existing data.

Example 1: Back up Database to a Disk Device

Let's write a SQL query performs a full backup of the GeekDB database and saves it to a specified disk location.

USE GeekDB;
GO
BACKUP DATABASE GeekDB
TO DISK = 'D:\Backup\GeekDB.bak'
WITH FORMAT,
MEDIANAME = 'GeekDBBackup',
NAME = 'Full Backup of GeekDB';
GO

Explanation:

• This query operates on the GeekDB database, creating a full backup stored on the disk at D:\Backup\GeekDB.bak.
  
• The WITH FORMAT option ensures that the backup file is initialized and any existing backup on the disk is overwritten.
  
• The MEDIANAME specifies a label for the backup media, while the NAME provides a descriptive name for the backup set.

Example 2: Back up to a Tape Device

Let's write a SQL query provided performs a full backup of the GeekDB database to a specified tape location.

USE GeekDB;
GO
BACKUP DATABASE GeekDB
TO TAPE = '\\.\TapeLocation'
WITH NOINIT,
NAME = 'Full Backup of GeekDB';
GO

Explanation:

• The query executes in the GeekDB database and creates a full backup of it, saving the backup to the tape drive located at \\.\TapeLocation.
  
• The WITH NOINIT option ensures that the backup is appended to the existing backups on the tape rather than overwriting them, while the NAME parameter provides a label for this backup set.

Conclusion

Regular full database backups are essential for maintaining the health and recoverability of your SQL Server databases. Whether using SQL Server Management Studio for a graphical interface or Transact-SQL for scripting and automation, it's vital to ensure that backups are performed correctly and stored securely. Remember that backups created in newer SQL Server versions may not be restored in older versions, and proper permissions must be set for both the SQL Server service account and the database roles involved.