2048 Game in Python

import random def start_game(): # declaring an empty list then # appending 4 list each with four # elements as 0. mat =[] for i in range(4): mat.append([0] * 4) # printing controls for user print("Commands are as follows : ") print("'W' or 'w' : Move Up") print("'S' or 's' : Move Down") print("'A' or 'a' : Move Left") print("'D' or 'd' : Move Right") # calling the function to add # a new 2 in grid after every step add_new_2(mat) return mat def findEmpty(mat):  """Finds the first empty (0) cell in the grid.""" for i in range(4): for j in range(4): if mat[i][j] == 0: return i, j # Return the first found empty cell return None, None # No empty cells left # function to add a new 2 in # grid at any random empty cell def add_new_2(mat):  """Adds a new '2' in a random empty cell in the grid.""" if all(all(cell != 0 for cell in row) for row in mat): return # No empty space left, avoid infinite loop tries = 0 while tries < 30: r = random.randint(0, 3) c = random.randint(0, 3) if mat[r][c] == 0: mat[r][c] = 2 return # Successfully placed a '2' tries += 1 # If random placement fails too many times, find an empty cell manually r, c = findEmpty(mat) if r is not None and c is not None: mat[r][c] = 2 # function to get the current # state of game def get_current_state(mat): # if any cell contains # 2048 we have won for i in range(4): for j in range(4): if(mat[i][j]== 2048): return 'WON' # if we are still left with # atleast one empty cell # game is not yet over for i in range(4): for j in range(4): if(mat[i][j]== 0): return 'GAME NOT OVER' # or if no cell is empty now # but if after any move left, right, # up or down, if any two cells # gets merged and create an empty # cell then also game is not yet over for i in range(3): for j in range(3): if(mat[i][j]== mat[i + 1][j] or mat[i][j]== mat[i][j + 1]): return 'GAME NOT OVER' for j in range(3): if(mat[3][j]== mat[3][j + 1]): return 'GAME NOT OVER' for i in range(3): if(mat[i][3]== mat[i + 1][3]): return 'GAME NOT OVER' # else we have lost the game return 'LOST' # all the functions defined below # are for left swap initially. # function to compress the grid # after every step before and # after merging cells. def compress(mat): # bool variable to determine # any change happened or not changed = False # empty grid  new_mat = [] # with all cells empty for i in range(4): new_mat.append([0] * 4) # here we will shift entries # of each cell to it's extreme # left row by row # loop to traverse rows for i in range(4): pos = 0 # loop to traverse each column # in respective row for j in range(4): if(mat[i][j] != 0): # if cell is non empty then # we will shift it's number to # previous empty cell in that row # denoted by pos variable new_mat[i][pos] = mat[i][j] if(j != pos): changed = True pos += 1 # returning new compressed matrix # and the flag variable. return new_mat, changed # function to merge the cells # in matrix after compressing def merge(mat): changed = False for i in range(4): for j in range(3): # if current cell has same value as # next cell in the row and they # are non empty then if(mat[i][j] == mat[i][j + 1] and mat[i][j] != 0): # double current cell value and # empty the next cell mat[i][j] = mat[i][j] * 2 mat[i][j + 1] = 0 # make bool variable True indicating # the new grid after merging is # different. changed = True return mat, changed # function to reverse the matrix # means reversing the content of # each row (reversing the sequence) def reverse(mat): new_mat =[] for i in range(4): new_mat.append([]) for j in range(4): new_mat[i].append(mat[i][3 - j]) return new_mat # function to get the transpose # of matrix means interchanging # rows and column def transpose(mat): new_mat = [] for i in range(4): new_mat.append([]) for j in range(4): new_mat[i].append(mat[j][i]) return new_mat # function to update the matrix # if we move / swipe left def move_left(grid): # first compress the grid new_grid, changed1 = compress(grid) # then merge the cells. new_grid, changed2 = merge(new_grid) changed = changed1 or changed2 # again compress after merging. new_grid, temp = compress(new_grid) # return new matrix and bool changed # telling whether the grid is same # or different return new_grid, changed # function to update the matrix # if we move / swipe right def move_right(grid): # to move right we just reverse # the matrix  new_grid = reverse(grid) # then move left new_grid, changed = move_left(new_grid) # then again reverse matrix will # give us desired result new_grid = reverse(new_grid) return new_grid, changed # function to update the matrix # if we move / swipe up def move_up(grid): # to move up we just take # transpose of matrix new_grid = transpose(grid) # then move left (calling all # included functions) then new_grid, changed = move_left(new_grid) # again take transpose will give # desired results new_grid = transpose(new_grid) return new_grid, changed # function to update the matrix # if we move / swipe down def move_down(grid): # to move down we take transpose new_grid = transpose(grid) # move right and then again new_grid, changed = move_right(new_grid) # take transpose will give desired # results. new_grid = transpose(new_grid) return new_grid, changed # this file only contains all the logic # functions to be called in main function # present in the other file 

import logic # Driver code if __name__ == '__main__': # calling start_game function # to initialize the matrix mat = logic.start_game() while(True): # taking the user input # for next step x = input("Press the command : ") # we have to move up if(x == 'W' or x == 'w'): # call the move_up function mat, flag = logic.move_up(mat) # get the current state and print it status = logic.get_current_state(mat) print(status) # if game not over then continue # and add a new two if(status == 'GAME NOT OVER'): logic.add_new_2(mat) # else break the loop  else: break # the above process will be followed # in case of each type of move # below # to move down elif(x == 'S' or x == 's'): mat, flag = logic.move_down(mat) status = logic.get_current_state(mat) print(status) if(status == 'GAME NOT OVER'): logic.add_new_2(mat) else: break # to move left elif(x == 'A' or x == 'a'): mat, flag = logic.move_left(mat) status = logic.get_current_state(mat) print(status) if(status == 'GAME NOT OVER'): logic.add_new_2(mat) else: break # to move right elif(x == 'D' or x == 'd'): mat, flag = logic.move_right(mat) status = logic.get_current_state(mat) print(status) if(status == 'GAME NOT OVER'): logic.add_new_2(mat) else: break else: print("Invalid Key Pressed") # print the matrix after each # move. print(mat)