新型离岸贸易：数字文明时代的外贸新业态
新型离岸贸易：数字文明时代的外贸新业态
New Offshore Trade: Emerging Foreign Trade Model in the Digital Civilization Era
新型离岸贸易，是传统跨境与离岸贸易借助数字技术支撑、通过对海外流通设施和国际物流枢纽的有序布局，由平台、电商、跨境物流与离岸服务融合形成的外贸新业态，是对外贸易与服务领域的新质生产力。
New offshore trade is an emerging foreign trade model that integrates traditional cross-border and offshore trade with digital technology support. Through systematic layout of overseas distribution facilities and international logistics hubs, it combines platforms, e-commerce, cross-border logistics and offshore services, representing new productive forces in foreign trade and services.
一、传统离岸贸易
1. Traditional Offshore Trade
传统离岸贸易是区别于国内贸易和跨境进出口贸易的一种国际贸易形态，包括离岸货物贸易和离岸服务贸易两种形式。
Traditional offshore trade is an international trade model distinct from domestic trade and cross-border import/export trade, consisting of two forms: offshore goods trade and offshore service trade.
离岸货物贸易主要包括：
Offshore goods trade mainly includes:
- 过境贸易 (Transit trade)
- 转口贸易 (Entrepot trade)
- 离岸转手买卖 (Offshore resale)
- 全球采购 (Global procurement)
- 委托境外加工 (Overseas processing)
二、新型离岸贸易
2. New Offshore Trade
新型离岸贸易是指数字技术的介入使传统的跨境、离岸贸易与服务融为一体，形成数实融合、货物与服务贸易融合、跨境提供与离岸提供融合的贸易方式。
New offshore trade refers to the integration of traditional cross-border, offshore trade and services through digital technology, forming a trade model that combines digital and physical elements, goods and services trade, as well as cross-border and offshore provision.
主要特点：
Key features:
- 比较成本大幅降低 (Significant cost reduction)
- 贸易效率大幅提高 (Dramatic efficiency improvement)
- 推动外贸业态发展 (Promoting foreign trade development)
三、业态特征与发展趋势
3. Industry Characteristics and Development Trends
离岸贸易是以一国居民或非居民为主体，完全在境外发生的货物和服务贸易业态。数字服务的融合只改变和拓展对外贸易业态，但不改变离岸贸易的业务本质。
Offshore trade is a goods and services trade model conducted entirely overseas by residents or non-residents of a country. The integration of digital services only changes and expands foreign trade models without altering the essential nature of offshore trade.
发展趋势：
Development trends:
- 从货物贸易转向服务贸易 (Shift from goods trade to service trade)
- 从产成品贸易转向原材料和中间品贸易 (Shift from finished products to raw materials and intermediate goods)
- 从一般贸易转向加工贸易 (Shift from general trade to processing trade)
- 利润向微笑曲线两端倾斜 (Profit shifting to both ends of the "smile curve")
注：本文作者严才明为上海财经大学公共政策与治理研究院研究员
Note: The author Yan Caiming is a researcher at the Institute of Public Policy and Governance, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
