Solutions

Author: OmarAlmighty

CH6Module/MyFunctions.py

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+#############################################################
+# This file contains all functions required for this chapter
+#############################################################
+
+
+# Converts from Celsius to Fahrenheit
+def celsiusToFahrenheit(celsius):
+ fahrenheit = (9 / 5) * celsius + 32
+ return fahrenheit
+
+
+# Converts from Fahrenheit to Celsius
+def fahrenheitToCelsius(fahrenheit):
+ celsius = (5 / 9) * (fahrenheit - 32)
+ return celsius
+
+
+# Converts from feet to meters
+def footToMeter(foot):
+ meter = 0.305 * foot
+ return meter
+
+
+# Converts from meters to feet
+def meterToFoot(meter):
+ foot = meter / 0.305
+ return foot
+
+
+# Check whether number is prime
+def isPrime(number):
+ divisor = 2
+ while divisor <= number / 2:
+ if number % divisor == 0:
+ # If true, number is not prime
+ return False # number is not a prime
+ divisor += 1
+ return True # number is prime
+
+
+def computeCommission(salesAmount):
+ commission = 0
+ if salesAmount > 10000:
+ commission = (5000 * 0.08) + (5000 * 0.1) + (salesAmount - 10000) * 0.12
+ elif salesAmount > 5000:
+ commission = 5000 * 0.08 + (salesAmount - 5000) * 0.1
+ else:
+ commission = salesAmount * 0.08
+
+ return commission
+
+
+def computePi(i):
+ sum = 0
+ for j in range(1, i + 1):
+ sum += ((-1) ** (j + 1)) / (2 * j - 1)
+
+ pi = 4 * sum
+ return pi
+
+
+def computeTax(status, taxableIncome):
+ tax = 0
+ if status == 0:
+ if taxableIncome <= 8350:
+ tax = taxableIncome * 0.10
+ elif taxableIncome <= 33950:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + taxableIncome - 8350 * 0.15
+ elif taxableIncome <= 82250:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + 33950 - 8350 * 0.15 + taxableIncome - 33950 * 0.25
+ elif taxableIncome <= 171550:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + 33950 - 8350 * 0.15 + 82250 - 33950 \
+ * 0.25 + taxableIncome - 82250 * 0.28
+ elif taxableIncome <= 372950:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + 33950 - 8350 * 0.15 + 82250 - 33950 \
+ * 0.25 + 171550 - 82250 * 0.28 + taxableIncome - 171550 * 0.33
+ else:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + 33950 - 8350 * 0.15 + 82250 - 33950 \
+ * 0.25 + 171550 - 82250 * 0.28 + 372950 - 171550 \
+ * 0.33 + taxableIncome - 372950 * 0.35
+ elif status == 1:
+ if taxableIncome <= 16700:
+ tax = taxableIncome * 0.10
+ elif taxableIncome <= 67900:
+ tax = 16700 * 0.10 + taxableIncome - 16700 * 0.15
+ elif taxableIncome <= 137050:
+ tax = 16700 * 0.10 + 67900 - 16700 * 0.15 \
+ + taxableIncome - 67900 * 0.25
+ elif taxableIncome <= 208850:
+ tax = 16700 * 0.10 + 67900 - 16700 * 0.15 + 137050 - 67900 \
+ * 0.25 + taxableIncome - 137050 * 0.28
+ elif taxableIncome <= 372950:
+ tax = 16700 * 0.10 + 67900 - 16700 * 0.15 + 137050 - 67900 \
+ * 0.25 + 208850 - 137050 * 0.28 \
+ + taxableIncome - 208850 * 0.33
+ else:
+ tax = 16700 * 0.10 + 67900 - 16700 * 0.15 + 137050 - 67900 \
+ * 0.25 + 208850 - 137050 * 0.28 + 372950 - 208850 \
+ * 0.33 + taxableIncome - 372950 * 0.35
+ elif status == 2:
+ if taxableIncome <= 8350:
+ tax = taxableIncome * 0.10
+ elif taxableIncome <= 33950:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + taxableIncome - 8350 * 0.15
+ elif taxableIncome <= 68525:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + 33950 - 8350 * 0.15 \
+ + taxableIncome - 33950 * 0.25
+ elif taxableIncome <= 104425:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + 33950 - 8350 * 0.15 + 68525 - 33950 \
+ * 0.25 + taxableIncome - 68525 * 0.28
+ elif taxableIncome <= 186475:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + 33950 - 8350 * 0.15 + 68525 - 33950 \
+ * 0.25 + 104425 - 68525 * 0.28 \
+ + taxableIncome - 104425 * 0.33
+ else:
+ tax = 8350 * 0.10 + 33950 - 8350 * 0.15 + 68525 - 33950 \
+ * 0.25 + 104425 - 68525 * 0.28 + 186475 - 104425 \
+ * 0.33 + taxableIncome - 186475 * 0.35
+ elif status == 3:
+ if taxableIncome <= 11950:
+ tax = taxableIncome * 0.10
+ elif taxableIncome <= 45500:
+ tax = 11950 * 0.10 + taxableIncome - 11950 * 0.15
+ elif taxableIncome <= 117450:
+ tax = 11950 * 0.10 + 45500 - 11950 * 0.15 \
+ + taxableIncome - 45500 * 0.25
+ elif taxableIncome <= 190200:
+ tax = 11950 * 0.10 + 45500 - 11950 * 0.15 + 117450 - 45500 \
+ * 0.25 + taxableIncome - 117450 * 0.28
+ elif taxableIncome <= 372950:
+ tax = 11950 * 0.10 + 45500 - 11950 * 0.15 + 117450 - 45500 \
+ * 0.25 + 190200 - 117450 * 0.28 \
+ + taxableIncome - 190200 * 0.33
+ else:
+ tax = 11950 * 0.10 + 45500 - 11950 * 0.15 + 117450 - 45500 \
+ * 0.25 + 190200 - 117450 * 0.28 + 372950 - 190200 \
+ * 0.33 + taxableIncome - 372950 * 0.35
+ else:
+ print("Error: invalid status")
+ return 0
+
+ return tax
+
+
+def numberOfDaysInAYear(year):
+ if isLeapYear(year):
+ return 366
+ else:
+ return 365
+
+
+# Determine if it is a leap year *
+def isLeapYear(year):
+ return year % 400 == 0 or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0)
+
+
+# Returns true if the sum of any two sides is
+# greater than the third side.
+def isValid(side1, side2, side3):
+ b1 = side1 + side2 > side3
+ b2 = side2 + side3 > side1
+ b3 = side1 + side3 > side2
+ return (b1 and b2 and b3)
+
+
+# Returns the area of the triangle.
+def area(side1, side2, side3):
+ if isValid(side1, side2, side3):
+ s = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2
+ area = (s * (s - side1) * (s - side2) * (s - side3)) ** 0.5
+ return area
+
+
+# Return true if point (x2, y2) is on the left side of the
+# directed line from (x0, y0) to (x1, y1)
+def leftOfTheLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2):
+ d = (x1 - x0) * (y2 - y0) - (x2 - x0) * (y1 - y0)
+ return d > 0
+
+
+# Return true if point (x2, y2) is on the same
+# line from (x0, y0) to (x1, y1)
+def onTheSameLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2):
+ d = (x1 - x0) * (y2 - y0) - (x2 - x0) * (y1 - y0)
+ return d == 0
+
+
+# Return true if point (x2, y2) is on the
+# line segment from (x0, y0) to (x1, y1)
+def onTheLineSegment(x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2):
+ d = (x1 - x0) * (y2 - y0) - (x2 - x0) * (y1 - y0)
+ return d < 0
+
+
+def sqrt(n):
+ lastGuess = n
+ init = 0.0001
+ nextGuess = (lastGuess + (n / lastGuess)) / 2
+ while (lastGuess - nextGuess) >= init:
+ lastGuess = nextGuess
+ nextGuess = (lastGuess + (n / lastGuess)) / 2
+
+ return nextGuess
+
+
+def isPalindrome(number):
+ return number == reverse(number)
+
+
+# Return the reversal of an integer, i.e. reverse(456) returns 654
+def reverse(number):
+ result = 0
+ while number != 0:
+ remainder = number % 10
+ result = result * 10 + remainder
+ number = number // 10
+
+ return result

CH7/Account.py

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+class Account:
+ def __init__(self,id=0,balance=100,annualIntersetRate=0):
+ self.__id = id
+ self.__balance = balance
+ self.__annualIntersetRate = annualIntersetRate
+
+ def getId(self):
+ return self.__id
+
+ def getBalance(self):
+ return self.__balance
+
+ def getAnnualIntersetRate(self):
+ return self.__annualIntersetRate
+
+ def setId(self,id):
+ self.__id = id
+
+ def setBalance(self,balance):
+ self.__balance = balance
+
+ def setAnnualIntersetRate(self,annualIntersetRate):
+ self.__annualIntersetRate = annualIntersetRate
+
+ def getMonthlyInterestRate(self):
+ return (self.__annualIntersetRate/ 12) /100
+
+ def getMonthlyInterest(self):
+ return self.__balance *self.getMonthlyInterestRate()
+
+ def deposit(self,balance):
+ self.__balance += balance
+
+ def withdraw(self,amount):
+ self.__balance -= amount
+

CH7/Checkpoints

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+#7.1
+Objects of the same kind are defined by using a common class. The relationship between
+classes and objects is analogous to that between an apple-pie recipe and apple pies. You can
+make as many apple pies (objects) as you want from a single recipe (class).
+
+#7.2
+class ClassName:
+ initializer
+ methods
+
+#7.3
+objName = ClassName(args)
+
+#7.4
+__init__
+
+#7.5
+self is a parameter that references the object itself. Using self, you can access object’s
+members in a class definition.
+
+#7.6
+ClassName(args)
+The arguments of the constructor match the parameters in the __init__ method without self.
+The constructor first creates an object in the memory and then invokes the initializer.
+
+#7.7
+Initializer is a special method that is used to initialize object's data when creating object.
+
+#7.8
+dot operator(.).
+
+#7.9
+Variable i in class a isn't initialized.
+Fix: a = A(x), where x is any value.
+
+#7.10
+(a) The constructor should be __init__(self).
+(b) radius = 3 should be self.radius = 3.
+
+#7.11
+count is 100
+times is 0
+
+#7.12
+count is 0
+n is 1
+
+#7.13
+AttributeError: no attribute '__i', the i attribute is
+a private data field.
+To fix this we can make i public by removing the leading __
+or provide getter method.
+
+#7.14
+Yes. It prints "Welcome"
+
+#7.15
+The code is not correct.
+To fix this we can make on attribute public by
+removing leading __ or provide getter method to
+on attribute:
+class A:
+ def __init__(self, on):
+ self.on = not on
+OR
+class A:
+ def __init__(self, on):
+ self.__on = not on
+ def isOn(self,on):
+ return self.__on
+
+def main():
+ a = A(False)
+ print(a.isOn)
+
+main() # Call the main function
+
+#7.16
+Making data fields private protects data and makes the class easy to maintain.
+To prevent direct modifications of data fields, don’t let the client directly access data fields.
+This is known as data hiding. This can be done by defining private data fields. In Python, the
+private data fields are defined with two leading underscores. You can also define a private
+method named with two leading underscores.
+
+#7.17
+def __methodName(parms):
+
+#7.18
+The object-oriented approach combines the power of the procedural paradigm
+with an added dimension that integrates data with operations into objects.
+In procedural programming, data and operations are separate, and this methodology
+requires sending data to methods. Object-oriented programming places data and the operations
+that pertain to them together in an object. This approach solves many of the problems
+inherent in procedural programming. The object-oriented programming approach organizes
+programs in a way that mirrors the real world, in which all objects are associated with both
+attributes and activities. Using objects improves software reusability and makes programs
+easier to develop and easier to maintain.

CH7/EX7.1.py

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+# 7.1 (The Rectangle class) Following the example of the Circle class in Section
+# 7.2, design a class named Rectangle to represent a rectangle. The class
+# contains:
+# ■ Two data fields named width and height.
+# ■ A constructor that creates a rectangle with the specified width and height.
+# The default values are 1 and 2 for the width and height, respectively.
+# ■ A method named getArea() that returns the area of this rectangle.
+# ■ A method named getPerimeter() that returns the perimeter.
+# Draw the UML diagram for the class, and then implement the class. Write a test
+# program that creates two Rectangle objects—one with width 4 and height 40
+# and the other with width 3.5 and height 35.7. Display the width, height, area,
+# and perimeter of each rectangle in this order.
+from CH7.Rectangle import Rectangle
+
+rect1 = Rectangle(4, 40)
+rect2 = Rectangle(3.5, 35.7)
+area1 = rect1.getArea()
+area2 = rect2.getArea()
+per1 = rect1.getPerimeter()
+per2 = rect2.getPerimeter()
+
+print("Rectangle1:\n\tWidth =", rect1.width, "\n\tHeight =", rect1.height,
+ "\n\tArea =", area1, "\n\tPerimeter =", per1)
+
+print("Rectangle2:\n\tWidth =", rect2.width, "\n\tHeight =", rect2.height,
+ "\n\tArea =", area2, "\n\tPerimeter =", per2)