跨境金融服务监管：金融科技时代的牌照边界与风险防控
国家外汇管理局总会计师孙天琦在第三届中国新金融高峰论坛上提出重要观点："互联网可以无国界，但金融牌照必须有国界"。这一论述揭示了在金融科技快速发展的背景下，跨境金融服务监管面临的新挑战。
Director Sun Tianqi of SAFE made a significant statement at the 3rd China New Finance Summit: "The internet may have no borders, but financial licenses must have borders." This highlights the new challenges in cross-border financial services regulation amid rapid fintech development.
孙天琦以中国与某小国的自贸协定谈判为例，指出跨境金融服务成为谈判焦点。该国金融业高度开放且离岸金融发达，要求允许其金融机构跨境提供服务。外管局在评估时主要考虑四个因素：
Using China's FTA negotiations with a small country as an example, Sun pointed out that cross-border financial services became a key focus. The country's highly open financial sector and developed offshore finance demanded cross-border service provision. SAFE considered four main factors in its assessment:
- 境外机构可能通过数字平台向中国居民提供投资型保险、外汇保证金交易等服务
- Foreign institutions might provide investment insurance, forex margin trading, etc. to Chinese residents via digital platforms
- 该国可能成为其他国家金融机构进入中国市场的跳板
- The country could become a gateway for financial institutions from other nations to enter China
- 已发现境外机构通过互联网提供中国禁止的金融服务
- Cases have been found of foreign institutions providing prohibited financial services in China via the internet
- 国内监管能力是否匹配开放程度
- Whether domestic regulatory capacity matches the level of openness
孙天琦强调，封闭市场会导致竞争力丧失，但开放必须伴随监管能力提升。他特别指出金融科技可能助长跨境违法违规金融服务，导致风险跨国传播。
Sun emphasized that closed markets lead to lost competitiveness, but openness must be accompanied by enhanced regulatory capacity. He specifically noted that fintech could facilitate illegal cross-border financial services, causing cross-border risk transmission.
当前跨境金融违法违规行为主要表现为两种形式：
Current illegal cross-border financial activities mainly manifest in two forms:
1. 境外到境内：境外公司或国内公司在境外设立网站，返程向境内提供违法违规服务，如外汇保证金交易、ICO交易、虚拟货币买卖等
1. Foreign-to-domestic: Foreign companies or domestic companies setting up overseas websites to provide illegal services like forex margin trading, ICO transactions, virtual currency trading
2. 境内到境外：国内互金企业转移到东南亚等地，未获当地批准即通过互联网提供服务
2. Domestic-to-foreign: Chinese fintech firms relocating to Southeast Asia without local approval to provide services online
孙天琦提出了七项监管建议，包括处理好创新与风险关系、实施穿透式监管、加强国际协调等。他强调，作为服务接受国，初期可要求外资设立商业存在，中长期需完善跨境交付监管体系。
Sun proposed seven regulatory recommendations, including balancing innovation and risk, implementing thorough supervision, and enhancing international coordination. He stressed that as a service recipient, China could initially require foreign capital to establish commercial presence, with mid-to-long-term plans to improve cross-border delivery supervision.
这一论述为金融科技时代的跨境金融服务监管提供了重要思路，平衡了开放与风险防控的关系，对重庆SEO海外推广和苏州谷歌竞价推广等跨境业务具有指导意义。
This perspective provides important insights for cross-border financial services regulation in the fintech era, balancing openness and risk control, offering guidance for cross-border businesses like Chongqing SEO overseas promotion and Suzhou Google Ads promotion.
