中国钢铁产业崛起：全球钢材出口支柱与美德钢铁荒对比
钢铁工业的历史发展与现状
Historical Development and Current Status of Steel Industry
现代钢铁工业始建于19世纪初期，至今已有200年的历史。第二次世界大战前，西欧、美国和苏联的钢铁产量约占全世界的87.5%。1996年中国钢铁产量突破1亿吨，跃居世界第一；2020年中国钢铁产量突破10亿吨，占全球总产量的60%。
The modern steel industry was established in the early 19th century and has a history of 200 years. Before World War II, Western Europe, the United States and the Soviet Union accounted for about 87.5% of the world's steel production. In 1996, China's steel output exceeded 100 million tons, ranking first in the world; in 2020, China's steel output exceeded 1 billion tons, accounting for 60% of global production.
中国钢铁产业的崛起
The Rise of China's Steel Industry
2021年上半年，全国钢铁市场消费粗钢产量约为53172万吨，同比增长10.5%。国内外需求不断增长推动了中国钢铁产量大幅提升，同时钢材价格大幅上涨激发了国内钢铁企业的增产积极性。
In the first half of 2021, China's crude steel consumption reached about 531.72 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 10.5%. Growing domestic and international demand has driven significant increases in China's steel production, while rising steel prices have stimulated domestic steel companies to increase output.
美德陷入钢铁荒的困境
US and EU Face Steel Shortage Crisis
美德等国家由于过度依赖进口钢铁，本身制造能力不足，现在深陷钢铁荒。美国中西部钢铁价格比去年上涨了一半，未来需求将进一步加剧本土钢铁短缺。中国钢铁协会建议优先满足国内需求，出口更高附加值产品。
The US and EU countries are deeply mired in steel shortages due to excessive reliance on imports and insufficient domestic production capacity. Steel prices in the US Midwest have risen by half compared to last year, and future demand will further exacerbate local shortages. China Iron and Steel Association recommends prioritizing domestic demand and exporting higher value-added products.
全球钢铁贸易格局变化
Changes in Global Steel Trade Pattern
作为世界第一和第三大钢铁出口国，中国和俄罗斯调整出口策略，使得美德等传统工业国家的处境更为艰难。中国已成为全球钢材出口支柱，上半年钢产量达6.9亿吨。
As the world's first and third largest steel exporters, China and Russia's export strategy adjustments have made the situation more difficult for traditional industrial countries like the US and Germany. China has become the pillar of global steel exports, with steel production reaching 690 million tons in the first half of the year.
