陶瓷外贸寒冬：订单暴增却亏损加剧，行业面临多重挑战
陶瓷外贸寒冬：订单暴增却亏损加剧，行业面临多重挑战
Ceramic Export Winter: Surging Orders but Mounting Losses, Industry Faces Multiple Challenges
近期，中国陶瓷外贸行业正经历着前所未有的挑战。尽管海外订单量显著增加，但企业却陷入"订单越多亏损越大"的困境。
Recently, China's ceramic export industry is experiencing unprecedented challenges. Despite a significant increase in overseas orders, companies are falling into the dilemma of "the more orders, the greater the losses".
成本飙升与价格困境
Soaring Costs and Pricing Dilemma
根据海关数据，2021年1-8月中国陶瓷砖出口额达26.65亿美元，但8月同比下滑9.35%。虽然出口单价连续5年上涨至6.88美元/㎡，但仍远低于2015年的7.31美元/㎡。
According to customs data, China's ceramic tile exports reached $2.665 billion from January to August 2021, but fell 9.35% year-on-year in August. Although the average export price has risen for five consecutive years to $6.88/㎡, it is still far below the $7.31/㎡ in 2015.
主要成本压力来源：
Main cost pressures:
- 天然气价格涨至4.3元/㎡
- Natural gas prices rose to 4.3 yuan/㎡
- 煤炭到厂价突破2200元/吨
- Coal delivery prices exceeded 2200 yuan/ton
- 原材料价格惊人上涨
- Raw material prices rose astonishingly
- 全国性限电停产政策
- Nationwide power rationing and production suspension policies
海运危机加剧困境
Shipping Crisis Worsens the Situation
海运费用暴涨成为压垮外贸企业的最后一根稻草：
The surge in shipping costs has become the last straw for export companies:
| 航线 | 价格变化 | Shipping Route | Price Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 美西线 | 1000→15000美元 | US West Coast | $1000→$15000 |
| 中东线 | 300→4500美元 | Middle East | $300→$4500 |
以20英尺集装箱为例，可装1075㎡800×800mm抛釉砖，单是海运费就已超过瓷砖本身价值。
Taking a 20-foot container as an example, it can hold 1075㎡ of 800×800mm glazed tiles, the shipping cost alone exceeds the value of the tiles themselves.
行业前景与应对策略
Industry Outlook and Coping Strategies
面对严峻形势，陶瓷外贸企业正在采取以下措施：
Facing the severe situation, ceramic export companies are taking the following measures:
- 千方百计稳住现有客户
- Make every effort to retain existing customers
- 谨慎评估新订单风险
- Carefully assess the risks of new orders
- 优化库存和资金周转
- Optimize inventory and cash flow
- 考虑提前放假减少损失
- Consider early holidays to reduce losses
商务部副部长任鸿斌表示："中小外贸企业利润受到严重挤压，面临较大困难。"陶瓷行业作为传统劳动密集型产业，面临的挑战尤为严峻。
Vice Minister of Commerce Ren Hongbin said: "The profits of small and medium-sized export enterprises are severely squeezed, facing great difficulties." As a traditional labor-intensive industry, the ceramic industry faces particularly severe challenges.
本文数据来源：海关总署、《陶瓷信息》
Data sources: General Administration of Customs, "Ceramic Information"
