Built-in Constants

Description

Constants built into R.

Usage

LETTERS letters month.abb month.name pi 

Details

R has a small number of built-in constants.

The following constants are available:

• LETTERS: the 26 upper-case letters of the Roman alphabet;

• letters: the 26 lower-case letters of the Roman alphabet;

• month.abb: the three-letter abbreviations for the English month names;

• month.name: the English names for the months of the year;

• pi: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

These are implemented as variables in the base namespace taking appropriate values.

References

⁠Becker RA, Chambers JM, Wilks AR (1988). The New S Language. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London.

See Also

data, DateTimeClasses.

Quotes for the parsing of character constants, NumericConstants for numeric constants.

Examples

 ## John Machin (ca 1706) computed pi to over 100 decimal places ## using the Taylor series expansion of the second term of pi - 4*(4*atan(1/5) - atan(1/239)) ## months in English month.name ## months in your current locale format(ISOdate(2000, 1:12, 1), "%B") format(ISOdate(2000, 1:12, 1), "%b")