云南古茶树：世界茶源地的活化石与千亿产业支柱
云南作为世界茶树原产地，拥有全球最丰富的古茶树资源。据云南省林草局最新调查，全省现存古茶树约5400万株，覆盖面积达91万亩，是迄今为止世界上古茶园保存最完整、数量最集中的地区。
As the origin place of world tea trees, Yunnan boasts the most abundant ancient tea tree resources globally. According to the latest survey by Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Bureau, the province preserves approximately 54 million ancient tea trees across 910,000 mu (about 60,666 hectares), making it the most well-preserved and concentrated area of ancient tea gardens worldwide.
【种质资源宝库】云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所所长何青元指出："全球31个茶种4个变种中，云南独占23个种3个变种，其中16个种2个变种以云南茶树为模式标本定名。"这种生物多样性使云南成为当之无愧的茶树基因库。
[Germplasm Resource Treasury] Director He Qingyuan of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tea Research Institute noted: "Among 31 tea species and 4 variants globally, Yunnan alone possesses 23 species and 3 variants, with 16 species and 2 variants named based on Yunnan tea specimens." This biodiversity makes Yunnan the undisputed gene bank of tea plants.
三大代表性古茶树印证着云南的茶历史：
1. 勐海巴达山1700年野生型古茶树（高32米）
2. 澜沧邦崴村千年过渡型古茶树（登上中国邮票）
3. 凤庆香竹箐"茶树王"（基径1.85米，需4人合抱）
Three iconic ancient tea trees testify to Yunnan's tea history:
1. 1700-year-old wild tea tree in Bada Mountain, Menghai (32m tall)
2. Millennium transitional tea tree in Bangwei Village, Lancang (featured on Chinese stamp)
3. "King of Tea Trees" in Xiangzhuqing, Fengqing (1.85m diameter, requires 4 people to embrace)
【野生茶树群落】云南现存88个野生茶树群落，其中：
• 镇沅千家寨群落：2.3万亩范围内47万株，含18棵30米以上"茶树巨人"
• 双江勐库大雪山群落：海拔2750米，世界分布海拔最高的野生茶树群
[Wild Tea Tree Communities] Yunnan preserves 88 wild tea tree communities, including:
• Qianjiazhai in Zhenyuan: 470,000 trees across 15,333 hectares, with 18 "tea giants" over 30m tall
• Mengku Snow Mountain in Shuangjiang: at 2,750m altitude, the world's highest-elevation wild tea community
产业价值方面，2021年云南古树茶产量1.2万吨，综合产值120亿元。整个茶产业已成为年产值超千亿元、惠及近千万人的支柱产业。临沧市凤庆县委书记陈礼军表示："我们对古茶树实施保护性采摘，确保这一宝贵资源永续利用。"
Industrial value shows Yunnan's ancient tea yielded 12,000 tons with 12 billion RMB output value in 2021. The entire tea industry has become a pillar sector with annual output exceeding 100 billion RMB, benefiting nearly 10 million people. Fengqing County Party Secretary Chen Lijun stated: "We implement protective harvesting of ancient tea trees to ensure sustainable use of this precious resource."
专家认为，云南古茶树不仅见证了茶树从野生型到栽培型的完整演化链条，其蕴含的抗寒、抗病等优质基因，更是未来茶产业品种改良的战略资源。随着"茶旅融合"发展，这些千年古树正焕发新的生机。
Experts believe Yunnan's ancient tea trees not only document the complete evolutionary chain from wild to cultivated varieties, but also contain strategic genetic resources (cold/disease resistance) for future tea improvement. With the development of "tea tourism integration", these millennium-old trees are gaining new vitality.
