Morse code
Morse code is one of the simplest and most versatile methods of telecommunication in existence. It has been in use for more than 175 years — longer than any other electronic encoding system.
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
- Task
Send a string as audible Morse code to an audio device (e.g., the PC speaker).
As the standard Morse code does not contain all possible characters, you may either ignore unknown characters in the file, or indicate them somehow (e.g. with a different pitch).
This program runs under MS-DOS and outputs to the PC speaker. It reads the text from standard input until EOF is reached.
cpu8086 bits16 ;;; I/O ports KBB:equ61h; Keyboard controller port B (also controls speaker) PITC2:equ42h; Programmable Interrupt Timer, channel 2 (frequency) PITCTL:equ43h; PIT control port. ;;; Control bits SPKR:equ3; Lower two bits of KBB determine speaker on/off CTR:equ6; Counter select offset in PIT control byte CBITS:equ4; Size select offset in PIT control byte B16:equ3; 16-bit mode for the PIT counter MODE:equ1; Offset of mode in PIT control byte SQWV:equ3; Square wave mode ;;; Software interrupts CLOCK:equ1Ah; BIOS clock function interrupt DOS:equ21h; MS-DOS syscall interrupt ;;; MS-DOS syscalls read:equ3Fh; Read from file section.text org100h ;;; Set up the PIT to generate a 'C' note cli moval,(2<<CTR)|(B16<<CBITS)|(SQWV<<MODE) outPITCTL,al movax,2280; Divisor of main oscillator frequency outPITC2,al; Output low byte first, xchgal,ah outPITC2,al; Then high byte. sti ;;; Read from stdin and sound as morse input:movah,read; Read xorbx,bx; from STDIN movcx,buf.size; into the buffer movdx,buf intDOS jcstop; Carry set = error, stop testax,ax; Did we get any characters? jnzgo; If not, we're done, so stop stop:ret go:movcx,ax; Loop counter = how many characters we have movsi,buf; Start at buffer size dochar:lodsb; Get current character cmpal,26; End of file? jestop; Then stop pushcx; Save pointer and counter pushsi callchar; Sound out this character popsi; Restore pointer and counter popcx loopdochar; If more characters, do the next one jmpinput; Afterwards, try to get more input ;;; Sound ASCII character in AL char:andal,127; 7-bit ASCII subal,32; Word separator? (<=32) ja.snd; If not, look up in table movbx,4; Otherwise, 'sound' a word space jmpdelay; (4 more ticks to form 7-tick delay) .snd:movbx,morse; Find offset in morse pulse table xlatb testal,al; If it is zero, we want to ignore it jz.out xorah,ah; Otherwise, find its address movbx,ax leasi,[bx+morse.P]; and store it in SI. xorbh,bh; BX = BL in the following code .byte:lodsb; Get pulse byte movcx,4; Four pulses per byte .pulse:movbl,3; Load low pulse in BL andbl,al testbl,bl; If it is zero, jz.out; We're done movbp,ax; Otherwise, keep AX callpulse; Sound the pulse movax,bp; Restore AX shral,1; Next pulse shr al,1 loop.pulse jmp.byte; If no zero pulse seen yet, next byte .out:movbl,2; 2 ticks more delay to form inter-char space jmpdelay ;;; Sound morse code pulse w/delay pulse:cli; Turn off interrupts inal,KBB; Read current configuration oral,SPKR; Turn speaker on outKBB,al; Write configuration back sti; Turn interrupts back on calldelay; Delay for BX ticks cli; Turn off interrupts inal,KBB; Read current configuration andal,~SPKR; Turn speaker off outKBB,al; Write configuration back sti; Turn interrupts back on movbx,1; Intra-character delay = 1 tick ;;; Delay for BX ticks delay:pushbx; Keep the registers we alter pushcx pushdx xorah,ah; Clock function 0 = get ticks intCLOCK; Get current ticks (in CX:DX) addbx,dx; BX = time for which to wait .wait:intCLOCK; Wait for that time to occur cmpdx,bx; Are we there yet? jbe.wait; If not, try again popdx; Restore the registers popcx pop bx ret section.data morse:;;; Printable ASCII to pulse mapping (32-122) db.n_-.P,.excl-.P,.dquot-.P,.n_-.P; !"# db.dolar-.P,.n_-.P,.amp-.P,.quot-.P;$%&' db.open-.P,.close-.P,.n_-.P,.plus-.P;()*+ db.comma-.P,.minus-.P,.dot-.P,.slsh-.P;,-./ db.n0-.P,.n1-.P,.n2-.P,.n3-.P;0123 db.n4-.P,.n5-.P,.n6-.P,.n7-.P;4567 db.n8-.P,.n9-.P,.colon-.P,.semi-.P;89:; db.n_-.P,.eq-.P,.n_-.P,.qm-.P ;<=>? db.at-.P,.a-.P,.b-.P,.c-.P;@ABC db.d-.P,.e-.P,.f-.P,.g-.P;DEFG db.h-.P,.i-.P,.j-.P,.k-.P;HIJK db.l-.P,.m-.P,.n-.P,.o-.P;LMNO db.p-.P,.q-.P,.r-.P,.s-.P;PQRS db.t-.P,.u-.P,.v-.P,.w-.P;TUVW db.x-.P,.y-.P,.z-.P,.n_-.P;XYZ[ db.n_-.P,.n_-.P,.n_-.P,.uscr-.P;\]^_ db.n_-.P,.a-.P,.b-.P,.c-.P;`abc db.d-.P,.e-.P,.f-.P,.g-.P;defg db.h-.P,.i-.P,.j-.P,.k-.P;hijk db.l-.P,.m-.P,.n-.P,.o-.P;lmno db.p-.P,.q-.P,.r-.P,.s-.P;pqrs db.t-.P,.u-.P,.v-.P,.w-.P;tuvw db.x-.P,.y-.P,.z-.P,.n_-.P;xyz{ db.n_-.P,.n_-.P,.n_-.P,.n_-.P;|}~ .P:;;; Morse pulses are stored four to a byte, lowest bits first .n_:db0; To ignore undefined characters .a:db0Dh .b:db57h,0 .c:db77h,0 .d:db17h .e:db1h .f:db75h,0 .g:db1Fh .h:db55h,0 .i:db5h .j:db0FDh,0 .k:db37h .l:db5Dh,0 .m:db0Fh .n:db7h .o:db3Fh .p:db7Dh,0 .q:db0DFh,0 .r:db1Dh .s:db15h .t:db3h .u:db35h .v:db0D5h,0 .w:db3Dh .x:db0D7h,0 .y:db0F7h,0 .z:db5Fh,0 .n0:db0FFh,3 .n1:db0FDh,3 .n2:db0F5h,3 .n3:db0D5h,3 .n4:db55h,3 .n5:db55h,1 .n6:db57h,1 .n7:db5Fh,1 .n8:db7Fh,1 .n9:db0FFh,1 .dot:db0DDh,0Dh .comma:db5Fh,0Fh .qm:db0F5h,5 .quot:db0FDh,7 .excl:db77h,0Fh .slsh:db0D7h,1 .open:db0F7h,1 .close:db0F7h,0Dh .amp:db5Dh,1 .colon:db7Fh,5 .semi:db77h,7 .eq:db57h,3 .plus:db0DDh,1 .minus:db57h,0Dh .uscr:db0F5h,0Dh .dquot:db5Dh,7 .dolar:db0D5h,35h .at:db7Dh,7 section.bss buf:resb1024; 1K buffer .size:equ$-buf REPORT morse_code. TYPES: BEGIN OF y_morse_code, letter TYPE string, code TYPE string, END OF y_morse_code, ty_morse_code TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF y_morse_code WITH EMPTY KEY. cl_demo_output=>new( )->begin_section( |Morse Code| )->write( REDUCE stringtab( LET words = VALUE stringtab( ( |sos| ) ( | Hello World!| ) ( |Rosetta Code| ) ) morse_code = VALUE ty_morse_code( ( letter = 'A' code = '.- ' ) ( letter = 'B' code = '-... ' ) ( letter = 'C' code = '-.-. ' ) ( letter = 'D' code = '-.. ' ) ( letter = 'E' code = '. ' ) ( letter = 'F' code = '..-. ' ) ( letter = 'G' code = '--. ' ) ( letter = 'H' code = '.... ' ) ( letter = 'I' code = '.. ' ) ( letter = 'J' code = '.--- ' ) ( letter = 'K' code = '-.- ' ) ( letter = 'L' code = '.-.. ' ) ( letter = 'M' code = '-- ' ) ( letter = 'N' code = '-. ' ) ( letter = 'O' code = '--- ' ) ( letter = 'P' code = '.--. ' ) ( letter = 'Q' code = '--.- ' ) ( letter = 'R' code = '.-. ' ) ( letter = 'S' code = '... ' ) ( letter = 'T' code = '- ' ) ( letter = 'U' code = '..- ' ) ( letter = 'V' code = '...- ' ) ( letter = 'W' code = '.- - ' ) ( letter = 'X' code = '-..- ' ) ( letter = 'Y' code = '-.-- ' ) ( letter = 'Z' code = '--.. ' ) ( letter = '0' code = '----- ' ) ( letter = '1' code = '.---- ' ) ( letter = '2' code = '..--- ' ) ( letter = '3' code = '...-- ' ) ( letter = '4' code = '....- ' ) ( letter = '5' code = '..... ' ) ( letter = '6' code = '-.... ' ) ( letter = '7' code = '--... ' ) ( letter = '8' code = '---.. ' ) ( letter = '9' code = '----. ' ) ( letter = '''' code = '.----. ' ) ( letter = ':' code = '---... ' ) ( letter = ',' code = '--..-- ' ) ( letter = '-' code = '-....- ' ) ( letter = '(' code = '-.--.- ' ) ( letter = '.' code = '.-.-.- ' ) ( letter = '?' code = '..--.. ' ) ( letter = ';' code = '-.-.-. ' ) ( letter = '/' code = '-..-. ' ) ( letter = '_' code = '..--.- ' ) ( letter = ')' code = '---.. ' ) ( letter = '=' code = '-...- ' ) ( letter = '@' code = '.--.-. ' ) ( letter = '\' code = '.-..-. ' ) ( letter = '+' code = '.-.-. ' ) ( letter = ' ' code = '/' ) ) IN INIT word_coded_tab TYPE stringtab FOR word IN words NEXT word_coded_tab = VALUE #( BASE word_coded_tab ( REDUCE string( INIT word_coded TYPE string FOR index = 1 UNTIL index > strlen( word ) LET _morse_code = VALUE #( morse_code[ letter = COND #( WHEN index = 1 THEN to_upper( word(index) ) ELSE LET prev = index - 1 IN to_upper( word+prev(1) ) ) ]-code OPTIONAL ) IN NEXT word_coded = |{ word_coded } { _morse_code }| ) ) ) ) )->display( ). DEFINE PTR="CARD" DEFINE COUNT="$60" PTR ARRAY code(COUNT) BYTE PALNTSC=$D014, dotDuration,dashDuration, intraGapDuration,letterGapDuration,wordGapDuration PROC Init() Zero(code,COUNT) code('!)="-.-.--" code('")=".-..-." code('$)="...-..-" code('&)=".-..." code('')=".----." code('()="-.--.-" code('))="---.." code('+)=".-.-." code(',)="--..--" code('-)="-....-" code('.)=".-.-.-" code('/)="-..-." code('0)="-----" code('1)=".----" code('2)="..---" code('3)="...--" code('4)="....-" code('5)="....." code('6)="-...." code('7)="--..." code('8)="---.." code('9)="----." code(':)="---..." code(';)="-.-.-." code('=)="-...-" code('?)="..--.." code('@)=".--.-." code('A)=".-" code('B)="-..." code('C)="-.-." code('D)="-.." code('E)="." code('F)="..-." code('G)="--." code('H)="...." code('I)=".." code('J)=".---" code('K)="-.-" code('L)=".-.." code('M)="--" code('N)="-." code('O)="---" code('P)=".--." code('Q)="--.-" code('R)=".-." code('S)="..." code('T)="-" code('U)="..-" code('V)="...-" code('W)=".--" code('X)="-..-" code('Y)="-.--" code('Z)="--.." code('\)=".-..-." code('_)="..--.-" IF PALNTSC=15 THEN dotDuration=6 ELSE dotDuration=5 FI dashDuration=2*dotDuration intraGapDuration=dotDuration letterGapDuration=3*intraGapDuration wordGapDuration=7*intraGapDuration RETURN PROC Wait(BYTE frames) BYTE RTCLOK=$14 frames==+RTCLOK WHILE frames#RTCLOK DO OD RETURN PROC ProcessSound(CHAR ARRAY s BYTE last) BYTE i FOR i=1 TO s(0) DO Sound(0,30,10,10) IF s(i)='. THEN Wait(dotDuration) ELSE Wait(dashDuration) FI Sound(0,0,0,0) IF i<s(0) THEN Wait(intraGapDuration) FI OD RETURN PROC Process(CHAR ARRAY a) CHAR ARRAY seq,subs BYTE i,first,afterSpace CHAR c PrintE(a) first=1 afterSpace=0 FOR i=1 TO a(0) DO c=a(i) IF c>='a AND c<='z THEN c=c-'a+'A ELSEIF c>=COUNT THEN c=0 FI seq=code(c) IF seq#0 THEN IF first=1 THEN first=0 ELSE Put(' ) IF afterSpace=0 THEN Wait(letterGapDuration) FI FI subs=code(c) Print(subs) ProcessSound(subs) afterSpace=0 ELSEIF c=' THEN Print(" ") Wait(wordGapDuration) afterSpace=1 ELSE afterSpace=0 FI OD PutE() PutE() Wait(wordGapDuration) RETURN PROC Main() Init() Process("SOS") Process("Atari Action!") Process("www.rosettacode.org") RETURN- Output:
Screenshot from Atari 8-bit computer
SOS ... --- ... Atari Action! .- - .- .-. .. .- -.-. - .. --- -. -.-.-- www.rosettacode.org .-- .-- .-- .-.-.- .-. --- ... . - - .- -.-. --- -.. . .-.-.- --- .-. --.
Conforms to Ada95. Works for Windows 32 XP , not for Vista since Beep is no longer effective.
Specification of the package :
package Morse is type Symbols is (Nul, '-', '.', ' '); -- Nul is the letter separator, space the word separator; Dash : constant Symbols := '-'; Dot : constant Symbols := '.'; type Morse_Str is array (Positive range <>) of Symbols; pragma Pack (Morse_Str); function Convert (Input : String) return Morse_Str; procedure Morsebeep (Input : Morse_Str); private subtype Reschars is Character range ' ' .. 'Z'; -- restricted set of characters from 16#20# to 16#60# subtype Length is Natural range 1 .. 5; subtype Codes is Morse_Str (Length); -- using the current ITU standard with 5 signs -- only alphanumeric characters are taken into consideration type Codings is record L : Length; Code : Codes; end record; Table : constant array (Reschars) of Codings := ('A' => (2, ".- "), 'B' => (4, "-... "), 'C' => (4, "-.-. "), 'D' => (3, "-.. "), 'E' => (1, ". "), 'F' => (4, "..-. "), 'G' => (3, "--. "), 'H' => (4, ".... "), 'I' => (2, ".. "), 'J' => (4, ".--- "), 'K' => (3, "-.- "), 'L' => (4, ".-.. "), 'M' => (2, "-- "), 'N' => (2, "-. "), 'O' => (3, "--- "), 'P' => (4, ".--. "), 'Q' => (4, "--.- "), 'R' => (3, ".-. "), 'S' => (3, "... "), 'T' => (1, "- "), 'U' => (3, "..- "), 'V' => (4, "...- "), 'W' => (3, ".-- "), 'X' => (4, "-..- "), 'Y' => (4, "-.-- "), 'Z' => (4, "--.. "), '1' => (5, ".----"), '2' => (5, "..---"), '3' => (5, "...--"), '4' => (5, "....-"), '5' => (5, "....."), '6' => (5, "-...."), '7' => (5, "--..."), '8' => (5, "---.."), '9' => (5, "----."), '0' => (5, "-----"), others => (1, " ")); -- Dummy => Other characters do not need code. end Morse; with Ada.Strings.Maps, Ada.Characters.Handling, Interfaces.C; use Ada, Ada.Strings, Ada.Strings.Maps, Interfaces; package body Morse is Dit, Dah, Lettergap, Wordgap : Duration; -- in seconds Dit_ms, Dah_ms : C.unsigned; -- durations expressed in ms Freq : constant C.unsigned := 1280; -- in Herz Morse_Sequence : constant Character_Sequence := " ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"; Morse_charset : constant Character_Set := To_Set (Morse_Sequence); function Convert (Input : String) return Morse_Str is Cap_String : constant String := Characters.Handling.To_Upper (Input); Result : Morse_Str (1 .. 7 * Input'Length); -- Upper Capacity First, Last : Natural := 0; Char_code : Codings; begin for I in Cap_String'Range loop if Is_In (Cap_String (I), Morse_charset) then First := Last + 1; if Cap_String (I) = ' ' then Result (First) := ' '; Last := Last + 1; else Char_code := Table (Reschars (Cap_String (I))); Last := First + Char_code.L - 1; Result (First .. Last) := Char_code.Code (1 .. Char_code.L); Last := Last + 1; Result (Last) := Nul; end if; end if; end loop; if Result (Last) /= ' ' then Last := Last + 1; Result (Last) := ' '; end if; return Result (1 .. Last); end Convert; procedure Morsebeep (Input : Morse_Str) is -- Beep is not portable : adapt to your OS/sound board -- Implementation for Windows XP / interface to fn in stdlib procedure win32xp_beep (dwFrequency : C.unsigned; dwDuration : C.unsigned); pragma Import (C, win32xp_beep, "_beep"); begin for I in Input'Range loop case Input (I) is when Nul => delay Lettergap; when Dot => win32xp_beep (Freq, Dit_ms); delay Dit; when Dash => win32xp_beep (Freq, Dah_ms); delay Dit; when ' ' => delay Wordgap; end case; end loop; end Morsebeep; begin Dit := 0.20; Lettergap := 2 * Dit; Dah := 3 * Dit; Wordgap := 4 * Dit; Dit_ms := C.unsigned (Integer (Dit * 1000)); Dah_ms := C.unsigned (Integer (Dah * 1000)); end Morse; Main program :
with Morse; use Morse; procedure Morse_Tx is begin Morsebeep (Convert ("Science sans Conscience")); end Morse_Tx; This caters for non-diacritical English letters, numerals, and the punctuation found on the Wikipedia page and makes a burping noise for anything else. The morse sounds brisker and smoother if the script's run as an application or from Script Menu rather than in Script Editor or Script Debugger.
use AppleScript version "2.4" -- OS X 10.10 (Yosemite) or later use framework "Foundation" use framework "AppKit" on morseCode(msg) script morse -- Unit duration in seconds and sounds used. property units : 0.075 property morseSound : current application's class "NSSound"'s soundNamed:("Glass") property unknownCharacterSound : current application's class "NSSound"'s soundNamed:("Frog") -- Unicode IDs of in-range but uncatered-for punctuation characters. property unrecognisedPunctuation : {35, 37, 42, 60, 62, 91, 92, 93, 94} -- Dits and dahs for recognised characters, in units. property letters : {{1, 3}, {3, 1, 1, 1}, {3, 1, 3, 1}, {3, 1, 1}, {1}, {1, 1, 3, 1}, {3, 3, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1}, ¬ {1, 3, 3, 3}, {3, 1, 3}, {1, 3, 1, 1}, {3, 3}, {3, 1}, {3, 3, 3}, {1, 3, 3, 1}, {3, 3, 1, 3}, {1, 3, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, ¬ {3}, {1, 1, 3}, {1, 1, 1, 3}, {1, 3, 3}, {3, 1, 1, 3}, {3, 1, 3, 3}, {3, 3, 1, 1}} property underscore : {1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3} property digitsAndPunctuation : {{3, 3, 3, 3, 3}, {1, 3, 3, 3, 3}, {1, 1, 3, 3, 3}, {1, 1, 1, 3, 3}, ¬ {1, 1, 1, 1, 3}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {3, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {3, 3, 1, 1, 1}, {3, 3, 3, 1, 1}, {3, 3, 3, 3, 1}, ¬ {3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1}, {3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1}, missing value, {3, 1, 1, 1, 3}, missing value, ¬ {1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1}, {1, 3, 3, 1, 3, 1}} property |punctuation| : {{3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 3}, {1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1}, missing value, {1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3}, missing value, ¬ {1, 3, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1}, {3, 1, 3, 3, 1}, {3, 1, 3, 3, 1, 3}, missing value, ¬ {1, 3, 1, 3, 1}, {3, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3}, {3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3}, {1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3}, {3, 1, 1, 3, 1}} -- Unicode IDs of the message's characters. property UnicodeIDs : (id of msg) as list on sendCharacter(ditsAndDahs) repeat with ditOrDah in ditsAndDahs tell morseSound to play() delay (ditOrDah * units) tell morseSound to stop() delay (1 * units) end repeat delay (2 * units) -- Previous 1 unit + 2 units = 3 units between characters. end sendCharacter on sendMessage() -- Play an extremely short sound to ensure the sound system's awake for the first morse beep. tell morse to sendCharacter({0}) -- Output the message. repeat with i from 1 to (count UnicodeIDs) set thisID to item i of my UnicodeIDs if ((thisID > 122) or (thisID < 32) or (thisID is in unrecognisedPunctuation)) then -- Character not catered for. Play alternative sound. tell unknownCharacterSound to play() delay (3 * units) tell unknownCharacterSound to stop() delay (3 * units) else if ((thisID > 64) and ((thisID < 91) or (thisID > 96))) then -- English letter. sendCharacter(item (thisID mod 32) of my letters) else if (thisID is 95) then -- Underscore. sendCharacter(underscore) else if (thisID > 47) then -- Digit, colon, semicolon, equals, or question mark. sendCharacter(item (thisID - 47) of my digitsAndPunctuation) else if (thisID > 32) then -- Other recognised punctuation. sendCharacter(item (thisID - 32) of my |punctuation|) else -- Space. delay (4 * units) -- Previous 3 units + 4 units = 7 units between "words". end if end repeat end sendMessage end script tell morse to sendMessage() end morseCode -- Test code: morseCode("Coded in AppleScrip†.") ; set the morse code code: #[ ; letters a: ".-" b: "-..." c: "-.-." d: "-.." e: "." f: "..-." g: "--." h: "...." i: ".." j: ".---" k: "-.-" l: ".-.." m: "--" n: "-." o: "---" p: ".--." q: "--.-" r: ".-." s: "..." t: "-" u: "..-" v: "...-" w: ".--" x: "-..-" y: "-.--" z: "--.." ; digits "0": "-----" "1": ".----" "2": "..---" "3": "...--" "4": "....-" "5": "....." "6": "-...." "7": "--..." "8": "---.." "9": "----." ] ; print an encoded message str: "hello world 2019" out: "" loop split str 'ch [ if not? whitespace? ch -> 'out ++ code\[ch] 'out ++ " " ] print out - Output:
.... . .-.. .-.. --- .-- --- .-. .-.. -.. ..--- ----- .---- ----.
This function converts acceptable characters into dot-dash notation then uses SoundBeep to play them. The frequency and element length are stored near the bottom of the script. It uses the short form of if else that is implemented, to not have such a long script
TestString := "Hello World! abcdefg @\;";Create a string to be sent with multiple caps and some punctuation MorseBeep(teststring);Beeps our string after conversion return;End Auto-Execute Section MorseBeep(passedString) { StringLower, passedString, passedString;Convert to lowercase for simpler checking Loop, Parse, passedString;This loop stores each character in A_loopField one by one using the more compact form of "if else", by var := x>y ? val1 : val2 which stores val1 in var if x > y, otherwise it stores val2, this can be used together to make a single line of if else morse .= A_LoopField = " " ? " " : A_LoopField = "a" ? ".- " : A_LoopField = "b" ? "-... " : A_LoopField = "c" ? "-.-. " : A_LoopField = "d" ? "-.. " : A_LoopField = "e" ? ". " : A_LoopField = "f" ? "..-. " : A_LoopField = "g" ? "--. " : A_LoopField = "h" ? ".... " : A_LoopField = "i" ? ".. " : A_LoopField = "j" ? ".--- " : A_LoopField = "k" ? "-.- " : A_LoopField = "l" ? ".-.. " : A_LoopField = "m" ? "-- " : A_LoopField = "n" ? "-. " : A_LoopField = "o" ? "--- " : A_LoopField = "p" ? ".--. " : A_LoopField = "q" ? "--.- " : A_LoopField = "r" ? ".-. " : A_LoopField = "s" ? "... " : A_LoopField = "t" ? "- " : A_LoopField = "u" ? "..- " : A_LoopField = "v" ? "...- " : A_LoopField = "w" ? ".-- " : A_LoopField = "x" ? "-..- " : A_LoopField = "y" ? "-.-- " : A_LoopField = "z" ? "--.. " : A_LoopField = "!" ? "---. " : A_LoopField = "\" ? ".-..-. " : A_LoopField = "$" ? "...-..- " : A_LoopField = "'" ? ".----. " : A_LoopField = "(" ? "-.--. " : A_LoopField = ")" ? "-.--.- " : A_LoopField = "+" ? ".-.-. " : A_LoopField = "," ? "--..-- " : A_LoopField = "-" ? "-....- " : A_LoopField = "." ? ".-.-.- " : A_LoopField = "/" ? "-..-. " : A_LoopField = "0" ? "----- " : A_LoopField = "1" ? ".---- " : A_LoopField = "2" ? "..--- " : A_LoopField = "3" ? "...-- " : A_LoopField = "4" ? "....- " : A_LoopField = "5" ? "..... " : A_LoopField = "6" ? "-.... " : A_LoopField = "7" ? "--... " : A_LoopField = "8" ? "---.. " : A_LoopField = "9" ? "----. " : A_LoopField = ":" ? "---... " : A_LoopField = ";" ? "-.-.-. " : A_LoopField = "=" ? "-...- " : A_LoopField = "?" ? "..--.. " : A_LoopField = "@" ? ".--.-. " : A_LoopField = "[" ? "-.--. " : A_LoopField = "]" ? "-.--.- " : A_LoopField = "_" ? "..--.- " : "ERROR" ; ---End conversion loop--- Loop, Parse, morse { morsebeep := 120 if (A_LoopField = ".") SoundBeep, 10*morsebeep, morsebeep;Format: SoundBeep, frequency, duration If (A_LoopField = "-") SoundBeep, 10*morsebeep, 3*morsebeep;Duration can be an expression If (A_LoopField = " ") Sleep, morsebeep;Above, each character is followed by a space, and literal };Spaces are extended. Sleep pauses the script return morse;Returns the text in morse code } ; ---End Function Morse--- AWK cannot play sounds by itself, so here we just translate text to dits and dots:
# usage: awk -f morse.awk [inputfile] BEGIN { FS=""; m="A.-B-...C-.-.D-..E.F..-.G--.H....I..J.---K-.-L.-..M--N-."; m=m "O---P.--.Q--.-R.-.S...T-U..-V...-W.--X-..-Y-.--Z--.. "; } { for(i=1; i<=NF; i++) { c=toupper($i); n=1; b="."; while((c!=b)&&(b!=" ")) { b=substr(m,n,1); n++; } b=substr(m,n,1); while((b==".")||(b=="-")) { printf("%s",b); n++; b=substr(m,n,1); } printf("|"); } printf("\n"); } - Output:
with input "sos sos titanic"
...|---|...||...|---|...||-|..|-|.-|-.|..|-.-.|
IMC bash implementation
#!/bin/bash # michaeltd 2019-11-29 https://github.com/michaeltd/dots/blob/master/dot.files/.bashrc.d/.var/morse.sh # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code # International Morse Code # 1. Length of dot is 1 unit # 2. Length of dash is 3 units # 3. The space between parts of the same letter is 1 unit # 4. The space between letters is 3 units. # 5. The space between words is 7 units. ################################################################################ alpha2morse() { local -A alpha_assoc=( [A]='.-' [B]='-...' [C]='-.-.' [D]='-..' [E]='.' \ [F]='..-.' [G]='--.' [H]='....' [I]='..' [J]='.---' \ [K]='-.-' [L]='.-..' [M]='--' [N]='-.' [O]='---' \ [P]='.--.' [Q]='--.-' [R]='.-.' [S]='...' [T]='-' \ [U]='..-' [V]='...-' [W]='.--' [X]='-..-' [Y]='-.--' [Z]='--..' \ [0]='-----' [1]='.----' [2]='..---' [3]='...--' [4]='....-' \ [5]='.....' [6]='-....' [7]='--...' [8]='----..' [9]='----.' ) if [[ "${#}" -lt "1" ]]; then echo -ne "Usage: ${FUNCNAME[0]} arguments...\n \ ${FUNCNAME[0]} is an IMC transmitter. \n \ It'll transmit your messages to International Morse Code.\n" >&2 return 1 fi while [[ -n "${1}" ]]; do for (( i = 0; i < ${#1}; i++ )); do local letter="${1:${i}:1}" for (( y = 0; y < ${#alpha_assoc[${letter^^}]}; y++ )); do case "${alpha_assoc[${letter^^}]:${y}:1}" in ".") echo -n "dot "; play -q -n -c2 synth .1 2> /dev/null || sleep .1 ;; "-") echo -n "dash "; play -q -n -c2 synth .3 2> /dev/null || sleep .3 ;; esac sleep .1 done echo sleep .3 done echo sleep .7 shift done } if [[ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" == "${0}" ]]; then alpha2morse "${@}" fi - Output:
(input
./morse.sh sos titanic sos dot dot dot dash dash dash dot dot dot dash dot dot dash dot dash dash dot dot dot dash dot dash dot dot dot dot dash dash dash dot dot dot
This replaces all non-supported characters with a hash (#) and plays the lowest supported note in their place.
Note that this will only work as-is under DOS (and Windows 9x); under NT systems, the player routine must be changed to use the Beep API call. (This forum post details how to use the speaker under Linux, DOS, and Windows in FreeBASIC; the Linux & DOS code differs further from the below by require inline assembly.)
DECLARE SUB player (what AS STRING) 'this determines the length of the notes 'lower number = longer duration CONST noteLen = 16 DIM tones(62) AS STRING FOR n% = 0 TO 62 READ tones(n%) NEXT n% 'set up the playing system PLAY "t255o4l" + LTRIM$(STR$(noteLen)) LINE INPUT "String to convert to Morse code: "; x$ FOR n% = 1 TO LEN(x$) c$ = UCASE$(MID$(x$, n%, 1)) PLAY "p" + LTRIM$(STR$(noteLen / 2)) + "." SELECT CASE UCASE$(c$) CASE " " 'since each char is effectively wrapped with 6 p's, we only need to add 1: PLAY "p" + LTRIM$(STR$(noteLen)) PRINT " "; CASE "!" TO "_" PRINT tones(ASC(c$) - 33); " "; player tones(ASC(c$) - 33) CASE ELSE PRINT "# "; player "#" END SELECT PLAY "p" + LTRIM$(STR$(noteLen / 2)) + "." NEXT n% PRINT 'all the Morse codes in ASCII order, from "!" to "_" DATA "-.-.--", ".-..-.", "#", "...-..-", "#", ".-...", ".----.", "-.--." DATA "-.--.-", "#", ".-.-.", "--..--", "-....-", ".-.-.-", "-..-.", "-----" DATA ".----", "..---", "...--", "....-", ".....", "-....", "--...", "---.." DATA "----.", "---...", "-.-.-.", "#", "-...-", "#", "..--..", ".--.-.", ".-" DATA "-...", "-.-.", "-..", ".", "..-.", "--.", "....", "..", ".---", "-.-" DATA ".-..", "--", "-.", "---", ".--.", "--.-", ".-.", "...", "-", "..-" DATA "...-", ".--", "-..-", "-.--", "--..", "#", "#", "#", "#", "..--.-" SUB player (what AS STRING) FOR i% = 1 TO LEN(what) z$ = MID$(what, i%, 1) SELECT CASE z$ CASE "." o$ = "g" CASE "-" o$ = "g" + LTRIM$(STR$(noteLen / 2)) + "." CASE ELSE o$ = "<<<<c>>>>" END SELECT PLAY o$ PLAY "p" + LTRIM$(STR$(noteLen)) NEXT i% END SUB - Output:
(2 runs)
String to convert to Morse code: Rosetta Code .-. --- ... . - - .- -.-. --- -.. . String to convert to Morse code: ~!@#$%^&*()_+ # -.-.-- .--.-. # ...-..- # # .-... # -.--. -.--.- ..--.- .-.-.
*TEMPO 8 DIM morse$(63) FOR char% = 0 TO 63 : READ morse$(char%) : NEXT char% PROCmorse("The five boxing wizards jump quickly.") END DEF PROCmorse(text$) LOCAL element%, index%, char&, morse$ FOR index% = 1 TO LEN(text$) char& = ASC(MID$(text$,index%)) AND &7F IF char& < 32 char& = 32 IF char& > 95 char& -= 32 morse$ = morse$(char&-32) FOR element% = 1 TO LEN(morse$) SOUND 1, -15, 148, VAL(MID$(morse$,element%,1)) SOUND 1, -15, 0, 1 NEXT element% SOUND 1, -15, 0, 2 NEXT index% ENDPROC DATA 00,313133,131131,6,1113113,6,13111,133331,31331,313313,6,13131,331133,311113,131313,31131 DATA 33333,13333,11333,11133,11113,11111,31111,33111,33311,33331,333111,313131,6,31113,6,113311 DATA 133131,13,3111,3131,311,1,1131,331,1111,11,1333,313,1311,33,31,333 DATA 1331,3313,131,111,3,113,1113,133,3113,3133,3311,6,6,6,6,113313 10 rem Morse code 20 dim c$(54) 30 for f = 1 to 54 40 read l$ : read m$ 50 d$ = d$+l$ : c$(f) = m$ 60 next f 100 line input "Message? ";t$ 105 t$ = ucase$(t$) 110 for f = 1 to len(t$) 120 p = instr(d$,mid$(t$,f,1)) 130 if p > 0 then print c$(p); else print "?"; 140 next f 150 print 160 goto 100 1000 data "A","._","B","_...","C","_._.","D","_..","E",".","F",".._." 1010 data "G","__.","H","....","I","..","J",".___","K","_._","L","._.." 1020 data "M","__","N","_.","O","___","P",".__.","Q","__._","R","._." 1030 data "S","...","T","_","U",".._","V","..._","W",".__","X","_.._" 1040 data "Y","_.__","Z","__..","1",".____","2","..___","3","...__" 1050 data "4","...._","5",".....","6","_....","7","__...","8","___.." 1060 data "9","____.","0","_____",".","._._._",",","__..__","?","..__.." 1070 data "'",".____.","!","_._.__","/","_.._.","(","_.__.",")","_.__._" 1080 data "&","._...",":","___...",";","_._._.","=","_..._","+","._._.","-","_...._" 1090 data "_","..__._","\","._.._.","$","..._.._","@",".__._." 100 PROGRAM "Morse.bas" 110 STRING TONE$(48 TO 90)*5,ST$*254 120 SET CHARACTER 46,0,0,0,0,24,24,0,0,0:SET CHARACTER 47,0,0,0,0,126,126,0,0,0 130 FOR I=48 TO 90 140 READ TONE$(I) 150 NEXT 160 DO 170 PRINT :PRINT "String to convert to Morse code: ":INPUT PROMPT ">":ST$ 180 LET ST$=LTRIM$(RTRIM$(UCASE$(ST$))) 190 FOR I=1 TO LEN(ST$) 200 LET C=ORD(ST$(I:I)) 210 IF C>47 AND C<91 THEN 220 PRINT TONE$(C);" "; 230 FOR J=1 TO LEN(TONE$(C)) 240 SOUND PITCH 48,DURATION(ORD(TONE$(C)(J))-45)^3+4 250 SOUND PITCH 126,DURATION 8 260 NEXT 270 ELSE 280 PRINT 290 SOUND PITCH 126,DURATION 16 300 END IF 310 SOUND PITCH 126,DURATION 16 320 NEXT 330 PRINT 340 LOOP UNTIL ST$="" 350 CLEAR FONT 360 DATA .////,..///,...//,..../,.....,/....,//...,///..,////.,/////,"","","","","","","" 370 DATA ./,/...,/./.,/..,.,../.,//.,....,..,.///,/./,./..,//,/.,///,.//.,//./,./.,...,/,../,.../,.//,/../,/.//,//..This takes advantage of the PLAY statement in Commodore BASIC 7.0 on the C-128. Since we're in BASIC 7, it also uses some of its structured programming features, such as DO...LOOP and BEGIN...BEND.
100 DI$="IA" : REM DIT = EIGHTH NOTE 110 DA$="Q.A": REM DA = DOTTED QUARTER NOTE 120 IS$="IR" : REM SPACE BETWEEN SYMS=1xDOT 130 IC$="QR" : REM EXTRA BETWEEN CHARS=2xDOT(TOTAL 3) 140 IW$="HR" : REM SPACE BETWEEN WORDS=4xDOT(TOTAL 7) 150 DIM MC$(127): REM READ CODE TABLE 160 DO 170 : READ C$ 180 : IF C$="" THEN EXIT 190 : C=ASC(C$) 200 : READ C$ 210 : MC$(C) = C$ 220 LOOP 230 PRINT "ENTER MESSAGE:" 240 OPEN1,0:INPUT#1,M$:CLOSE1 250 TEMPO 128 260 P$="T7": REM ENVELOPE = ORGAN 270 FOR I=1 TO LEN(M$) 280 : A=ASC(MID$(M$,I)) 290 : IF A=32 THEN BEGIN 300 : P$=P$+IW$ 310 : BEND:ELSE IF MC$(A)<>"" THEN BEGIN 320 : C$=MC$(A) 330 : FOR J=1 TO LEN(C$) 340 : S$=MID$(C$,J,1) 350 : IF S$="." THEN BEGIN 360 : P$=P$+DI$ 370 : BEND:ELSE BEGIN 380 : P$=P$+DA$ 390 : BEND 400 : P$=P$+IS$ 410 : NEXT J 420 : P$=P$+IC$ 430 : BEND 440 NEXT I 450 PLAY P$ 460 END 470 REM MORSE CODE TABLE DATA 500 DATA A,".-", B,"-...", C,"-.-." 510 DATA D,"-..", E,".", F,"..-.",G,"--." 520 DATA H,"....", I,"..", J,".---" 530 DATA K,"-.-", L,".-..", M,"--",N,"-." 540 DATA O,"---", P,".--.", Q,"--.-" 550 DATA R,".-.", S,"...", T,"-",U,"..-" 560 DATA V,"...-", W,".--", X,"-..-" 570 DATA Y,"-.--", Z,"--.." 580 DATA 0,"-----",1,".----",2,"..---" 590 DATA 3,"...--",4,"....-",5,"....." 600 DATA 6,"-....",7,"--...",8,"---.." 610 DATA 9,"----." 620 DATA ".",".-.-.-", ",","--..--" 630 DATA "?","..--.." 640 DATA "" Since Befunge doesn't have a way to output sound, this implementation just generates a text representation of the morse. The string to convert is read from stdin.
>~>48*-:0\`#@_2*::"!"%\"!"/3+g75v ^v('_')v!:-*57g+3/"!"\%"!":+1\-*< ^$$,*84_\#!:#:2#-%#15#\9#/*#2+#,< ##X)P)##Z*##3(D)5);(##8(/)A)8)9(# ($(&(*(2(B(A(?(;(3([)M)##1(##V)L) $%1'-')&$$.''&2'&%$'%&0'#%%%#&,'' '(&*&#$&&*'$&)'%'/'########6)##$% 1'-')&$$.''&2'&%$'%&0'#%%%#&,'''( &*&#$&&*'$&)'%'/'################ - Output:
Hello World! .... . .-.. .-.. --- .-- --- .-. .-.. -.. .-.-..
One could substitute another program for ubuntu beep command.
/* David Lambert, 2010-Dec-09 filter producing morse beep commands. build: make morse use: $ echo tie a. | ./morse beep -n -f 440 -l 300 -D 100 -n -D 200 -n -f 440 -l 100 -D 100 -n -f 440 -l 100 -D 100 -n -D 200 -n -f 440 -l 100 -D 100 -n -D 200 -n -D 400 -n -f 440 -l 100 -D 100 -n -f 440 -l 300 -D 100 -n -D 200 -n -f 440 -l 100 -D 100 -n -f 440 -l 300 -D 100 -n -f 440 -l 100 -D 100 -n -f 440 -l 300 -D 100 -n -f 440 -l 100 -D 100 -n -f 440 -l 300 -D 100 -n -D 200 -n -D 400 -n -D 400 bugs: What is the space between letter and punctuation? Demo truncates input lines at 71 characters or so. */ #include <ctype.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define BIND(A,L,H) ((L)<(A)?(A)<(H)?(A):(H):(L)) /* BIND(-1,0,9) is 0 BIND( 7,0,9) is 7 BIND(77,0,9) is 9 */ char /* beep args for */ /* dit dah extra space */ dih[50],dah[50],medium[30],word[30], *dd[2] = {dih,dah}; const char *ascii = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789.,?'!/()&:;=+-_\"$@", *itu[] = { "13","3111","3131","311","1","1131","331","1111","11","1333","313","1311","33","31","333","1331","3313","131","111","3","113","1113","133","3113","3133","3311","33333","13333","11333","11133","11113","11111","31111","33111","33311","33331","131313","331133","113311","133331","313133","31131","31331","313313","13111","333111","313131","31113","13131","311113","113313","131131","1113113","133131" }; void append(char*s,const char*morse) { for (; *morse; ++morse) strcat(s,dd['3'==*morse]); strcat(s,medium); } char*translate(const char*i,char*o) { const char*pc; sprintf(o,"beep"); for (; *i; ++i) if (NULL == (pc = strchr(ascii,toupper(*i)))) strcat(o,word); else append(o,itu[pc-ascii]); strcat(o,word); return o; } int main(int ac,char*av[]) { char sin[73],sout[100000]; int dit = 100; if (1 < ac) { if (strlen(av[1]) != strspn(av[1],"0123456789")) return 0*fprintf(stderr,"use: %s [duration] dit in ms, default %d\n",*av,dit); dit = BIND(atoi(av[1]),1,1000); } sprintf(dah," -n -f 440 -l %d -D %d",3*dit,dit); sprintf(dih," -n -f 440 -l %d -D %d",dit,dit); sprintf(medium," -n -D %d",(3-1)*dit); sprintf(word," -n -D %d",(7-(3-1)-1)*dit); while (NULL != fgets(sin,72,stdin)) puts(translate(sin,sout)); return 0; } using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace Morse { class Morse { static void Main(string[] args) { string word = "sos"; Dictionary<string, string> Codes = new Dictionary<string, string> { {"a", ".- "}, {"b", "-... "}, {"c", "-.-. "}, {"d", "-.. "}, {"e", ". "}, {"f", "..-. "}, {"g", "--. "}, {"h", ".... "}, {"i", ".. "}, {"j", ".--- "}, {"k", "-.- "}, {"l", ".-.. "}, {"m", "-- "}, {"n", "-. "}, {"o", "--- "}, {"p", ".--. "}, {"q", "--.- "}, {"r", ".-. "}, {"s", "... "}, {"t", "- "}, {"u", "..- "}, {"v", "...- "}, {"w", ".-- "}, {"x", "-..- "}, {"y", "-.-- "}, {"z", "--.. "}, {"0", "-----"}, {"1", ".----"}, {"2", "..---"}, {"3", "...--"}, {"4", "....-"}, {"5", "....."}, {"6", "-...."}, {"7", "--..."}, {"8", "---.."}, {"9", "----."} }; foreach (char c in word.ToCharArray()) { string rslt = Codes[c.ToString()].Trim(); foreach (char c2 in rslt.ToCharArray()) { if (c2 == '.') Console.Beep(1000, 250); else Console.Beep(1000, 750); } System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(50); } } } } /* Michal Sikorski 06/07/2016 */ #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #include <windows.h> #include <string.h> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { string inpt; char ascii[28] = " ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", lwcAscii[28] = " abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; string morse[27] = {" ", ".- ", "-... ", "-.-. ", "-.. ", ". ", "..-. ", "--. ", ".... ", ".. ", ".--- ", "-.- ", ".-.. ", "-- ", "-. ", "--- ", ".--.", "--.- ", ".-. ", "... ", "- ", "..- ", "...- ", ".-- ", "-..- ", "-.-- ", "--.. "}; string outpt; getline(cin,inpt); int xx=0; int size = inpt.length(); cout<<"Length:"<<size<<endl; xx=0; while(xx<inpt.length()) { int x=0; bool working = false; while(!working) { if(ascii[x] != inpt[xx]&&lwcAscii[x] != inpt[xx]) { x++; } else { working = !working; } } cout<<morse[x]; outpt = outpt + morse[x]; xx++; } xx=0; while(xx<outpt.length()+1) { if(outpt[xx] == '.') { Beep(1000,250); } else { if(outpt[xx] == '-') { Beep(1000,500); } else { if(outpt[xx] == ' ') { Sleep(500); } } } xx++; } system("PAUSE"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } (import [javax.sound.sampled AudioFormat AudioSystem SourceDataLine]) (defn play [sample-rate bs] (let [af (AudioFormat. sample-rate 8 1 true true)] (doto (AudioSystem/getSourceDataLine af) (.open af sample-rate) .start (.write bs 0 (count bs)) .drain .close))) (defn note [hz sample-rate ms] (let [period (/ hz sample-rate)] (->> (range (* sample-rate ms 1/1000)) (map #(->> (* 2 Math/PI % period) Math/sin (* 127 ,) byte) ,)))) (def morse-codes {\A ".-" \J ".---" \S "..." \1 ".----" \. ".-.-.-" \: "---..." \B "-..." \K "-.-" \T "-" \2 "..---" \, "--..--" \; "-.-.-." \C "-.-." \L ".-.." \U "..-" \3 "...--" \? "..--.." \= "-...-" \D "-.." \M "--" \V "...-" \4 "....-" \' ".----." \+ ".-.-." \E "." \N "-." \W ".--" \5 "....." \! "-.-.--" \- "-....-" \F "..-." \O "---" \X "-..-" \6 "-...." \/ "-..-." \_ "..--.-" \G "--." \P ".--." \Y "-.--" \7 "--..." \( "-.--." \" ".-..-." ;" \H "...." \Q "--.-" \Z "--.." \8 "---.." \) "-.--.-" \$ "...-..-" \I ".." \R ".-." \0 "-----" \9 "----." \& ".-..." \@ ".--.-." \space " "}) (def sample-rate 1024) (let [hz 440 ms 50] (def sounds {\. (note hz sample-rate (* 1 ms)) \- (note hz sample-rate(* 3 ms)) :element-gap (note 0 sample-rate (* 1 ms)) :letter-gap (note 0 sample-rate (* 3 ms)) \space (note 0 sample-rate (* 1 ms))})) ;includes letter-gap on either side (defn convert-letter [letter] (->> (get morse-codes letter "") (map sounds ,) (interpose (:element-gap sounds) ,) (apply concat ,))) (defn morse [s] (->> (.toUpperCase s) (map convert-letter ,) (interpose (:letter-gap sounds) ,) (apply concat ,) byte-array (play sample-rate ,))) class Morse constructor : (@unit=0.05, @freq=700) -> @cont = new AudioContext() @time = @cont.currentTime @alfabet = "..etianmsurwdkgohvf.l.pjbxcyzq..54.3...2.......16.......7...8.90" getCode : (letter) -> i = @alfabet.indexOf letter result = "" while i > 1 result = ".-"[i%2] + result i //= 2 result makecode : (data) -> for letter in data code = @getCode letter if code != undefined then @maketime code else @time += @unit * 7 maketime : (data) -> for timedata in data timedata = @unit * ' . _'.indexOf timedata if timedata > 0 @maketone timedata @time += timedata @time += @unit * 1 @time += @unit * 2 maketone : (data) -> start = @time stop = @time + data @gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime 0, start @gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime 1, start + @unit / 8 @gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime 1, stop - @unit / 16 @gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime 0, stop send : (text) -> osci = @cont.createOscillator() osci.frequency.value = @freq @gain = @cont.createGain() @gain.gain.value = 0 osci.connect @gain @gain.connect @cont.destination osci.start @time @makecode text @cont morse = new Morse() morse.send 'hello world 0123456789' import std.conv; import std.stdio; immutable string[char] morsecode; static this() { morsecode = [ 'a': ".-", 'b': "-...", 'c': "-.-.", 'd': "-..", 'e': ".", 'f': "..-.", 'g': "--.", 'h': "....", 'i': "..", 'j': ".---", 'k': "-.-", 'l': ".-..", 'm': "--", 'n': "-.", 'o': "---", 'p': ".--.", 'q': "--.-", 'r': ".-.", 's': "...", 't': "-", 'u': "..-", 'v': "...-", 'w': ".--", 'x': "-..-", 'y': "-.--", 'z': "--..", '0': "-----", '1': ".----", '2': "..---", '3': "...--", '4': "....-", '5': ".....", '6': "-....", '7': "--...", '8': "---..", '9': "----." ]; } void main(string[] args) { foreach (arg; args[1..$]) { writeln(arg); foreach (ch; arg) { if (ch in morsecode) { write(morsecode[ch]); } write(' '); } writeln(); } } program Morse; {$APPTYPE CONSOLE} {$R *.res} uses System.Generics.Collections, SysUtils, Windows; const Codes: array[0..35, 0..1] of string = (('a', '.- '), ('b', '-... '), ('c', '-.-. '), ('d', '-.. '), ('e', '. '), ('f', '..-. '), ('g', '--. '), ('h', '.... '), ('i', '.. '), ('j', '.--- '), ('k', '-.- '), ('l', '.-.. '), ('m', '-- '), ('n', '-. '), ('o', '--- '), ('p', '.--. '), ('q', '--.- '), ('r', '.-. '), ('s', '... '), ('t', '- '), ('u', '..- '), ('v', '...- '), ('w', '.-- '), ('x', '-..- '), ('y', '-.-- '), ('z', '--.. '), ('0', '-----'), ('1', '.----'), ('2', '..---'), ('3', '...--'), ('4', '....-'), ('5', '.....'), ('6', '-....'), ('7', '--...'), ('8', '---..'), ('9', '----.')); var Dictionary: TDictionary<String, String>; procedure InitCodes; var i: Integer; begin for i := 0 to High(Codes) do Dictionary.Add(Codes[i, 0], Codes[i, 1]); end; procedure SayMorse(const Word: String); var s: String; begin for s in Word do if s = '.' then Windows.Beep(1000, 250) else if s = '-' then Windows.Beep(1000, 750) else Windows.Beep(1000, 1000); end; procedure ParseMorse(const Word: String); var s, Value: String; begin for s in word do if Dictionary.TryGetValue(s, Value) then begin Write(Value + ' '); SayMorse(Value); end; end; begin Dictionary := TDictionary<String, String>.Create; try InitCodes; if ParamCount = 0 then ParseMorse('sos') else if ParamCount = 1 then ParseMorse(LowerCase(ParamStr(1))) else Writeln('Usage: Morse.exe anyword'); Readln; finally Dictionary.Free; end; end. txt$ = "sos sos" # chars$ = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz " code$[] = [ ".-" "-..." "-.-." "-.." "." "..-." "--." "...." ".." ".---" "-.-" ".-.." "--" "-." "---" ".--." "--.-" ".-." "..." "-" "..-" "...-" ".--" "-..-" "-.--" "--.." " " ] # proc morse ch$ . ind = strpos chars$ ch$ if ind > 0 write ch$ & " " sleep 0.4 for c$ in strchars code$[ind] write c$ if c$ = "." sound [ 440 0.2 ] sleep 0.4 elif c$ = "-" sound [ 440 0.6 ] sleep 0.8 elif c$ = " " sleep 0.8 . . print "" . . for ch$ in strchars txt$ morse ch$ .- Output:
s ... o --- s ... s ... o --- s ...
(require 'json) (require 'hash) (require 'timer) ;; json table from RUBY (define morse-alphabet #'{"0":"-----","1":".----","2":"..---","3":"...--","4":"....-","5":".....","6":"-....","7":"--...","8":"---..","9":"----.","!":"---.","$":"...-..-","'":".----.","(":"-.--.",")":"-.--.-","+":".-.-.",",":"--..--","-":"-....-",".":".-.-.-","/":"-..-.",":":"---...",";":"-.-.-.","=":"-...-","?":"..--..","@":".--.-.","A":".-","B":"-...","C":"-.-.","D":"-..","E":".","F":"..-.","G":"--.","H":"....","I":"..","J":".---","K":"-.-","L":".-..","M":"--","N":"-.","O":"---","P":".--.","Q":"--.-","R":".-.","S":"...","T":"-","U":"..-","V":"...-","W":".--","X":"-..-","Y":"-.--","Z":"--..","[":"-.--.","]":"-.--.-","_":"..--.-"," ":"|"}'#) (define MORSE (json->hash (string->json morse-alphabet))) ;; translates a string into morse string ;; use "|" as letters separator (define (string->morse str morse) (apply append (map string->list (for/list [(a (string-diacritics str))] (string-append (or (hash-ref morse (string-upcase a)) "?") "|"))))) (define (play-morse) (when EMIT ;; else return #f which stops (at-every) (case (first EMIT) ((".") (play-sound 'digit) (write "dot")) (("-") (play-sound 'tick) (write "dash")) (else (writeln) (blink))) (set! EMIT (rest EMIT)))) - Output:
(define EMIT (string->morse "Longtemps je me suis couché de bônne heure" MORSE)) → ("." "-" "." "." "|" "-" "." "-" "-" "." " [ ... ] "-" "." "|" "-" "." "|" "." "|" "|" "|" "." "." "." "." "|" "." "|" "." "." "-" "|" "." "-" "." "|" "." "|") ;; speakers ON (at-every 300 'play-morse) Translation of [[#Se
# by Artyom Bologov H g/[Aa]/s//.- /g g/[Bb]/s//-... /g g/[Cc]/s//-.-. /g g/[Dd]/s//-.. /g g/[Ee]/s//. /g g/[Ff]/s//..-. /g g/[Gg]/s//--. /g g/[Hh]/s//.... /g g/[Ii]/s//.. /g g/[Jj]/s//.--- /g g/[Kk]/s//-.- /g g/[Ll]/s//.-.. /g g/[Mm]/s//-- /g g/[Nn]/s//-. /g g/[Oo]/s//--- /g g/[Pp]/s//.-- /g g/[Qq]/s//--.- /g g/[Rr]/s//.-. /g g/[Ss]/s//... /g g/[Tt]/s//- /g g/[Uu]/s//..- /g g/[Vv]/s//...- /g g/[Ww]/s//.-- /g g/[Xx]/s//-..- /g g/[Yy]/s//-.-- /g g/[Zz]/s//--.. /g ,p Q - Output:
$ ed -s morse.input < morse.ed Newline appended .... . .-.. .-.. --- .-- --- .-. .-.. -.. !
defmodule Morse do @morse %{"!" => "---.", "\"" => ".-..-.", "$" => "...-..-", "'" => ".----.", "(" => "-.--.", ")" => "-.--.-", "+" => ".-.-.", "," => "--..--", "-" => "-....-", "." => ".-.-.-", "/" => "-..-.", "0" => "-----", "1" => ".----", "2" => "..---", "3" => "...--", "4" => "....-", "5" => ".....", "6" => "-....", "7" => "--...", "8" => "---..", "9" => "----.", ":" => "---...", ";" => "-.-.-.", "=" => "-...-", "?" => "..--..", "@" => ".--.-.", "A" => ".-", "B" => "-...", "C" => "-.-.", "D" => "-..", "E" => ".", "F" => "..-.", "G" => "--.", "H" => "....", "I" => "..", "J" => ".---", "K" => "-.-", "L" => ".-..", "M" => "--", "N" => "-.", "O" => "---", "P" => ".--.", "Q" => "--.-", "R" => ".-.", "S" => "...", "T" => "-", "U" => "..-", "V" => "...-", "W" => ".--", "X" => "-..-", "Y" => "-.--", "Z" => "--..", "[" => "-.--.", "]" => "-.--.-", "_" => "..--.-" } def code(text) do String.upcase(text) |> String.codepoints |> Enum.map_join(" ", fn c -> Map.get(@morse, c, " ") end) end end IO.puts Morse.code("Hello, World!") - Output:
.... . .-.. .-.. --- --..-- .-- --- .-. .-.. -.. ---.
open System open System.Threading let morse = Map.ofList [('a', "._ "); ('b', "_... "); ('c', "_._. "); ('d', "_.. "); ('e', ". "); ('f', ".._. "); ('g', "__. "); ('h', ".... "); ('i', ".. "); ('j', ".___ "); ('k', "_._ "); ('l', "._.. "); ('m', "__ "); ('n', "_. "); ('o', "___ "); ('p', ".__. "); ('q', "__._ "); ('r', "._. "); ('s', "... "); ('t', "_ "); ('u', ".._ "); ('v', "..._ "); ('w', ".__ "); ('x', "_.._ "); ('y', "_.__ "); ('z', "__.. "); ('0', "_____ "); ('1', ".____ "); ('2', "..___ "); ('3', "...__ "); ('4', "...._ "); ('5', "..... "); ('6', "_.... "); ('7', "__... "); ('8', "___.. "); ('9', "____. ")] let beep c = match c with | '.' -> printf "." Console.Beep(1200, 250) | '_' -> printf "_" Console.Beep(1200, 1000) | _ -> printf " " Thread.Sleep(125) let trim (s: string) = s.Trim() let toMorse c = Map.find c morse let lower (s: string) = s.ToLower() let sanitize = String.filter Char.IsLetterOrDigit let send = sanitize >> lower >> String.collect toMorse >> trim >> String.iter beep send "Rosetta Code" - Output:
._. ___ ... . _ _ ._ _._. ___ _.. .
USE: morse "Hello world!" play-as-morse Starting with basic I/O operations, this demonstration creates a simple hardware driver for the PC speaker to generate tones. The Morse code generator could have taken the form of a look-up array with bit patterns cross referencing dits and dahs, but we instead used the Forth dictionary, which is functionally like a big case statement. By making each letter an executable routine in Forth we get a very succinct way to code our Morse. Proper sounding morse code requires precise time delays between the dits, dahs, letters and words. The program uses the Forth word "ms" which delays for n milliseconds and gives us real time control. This morse code sounds right. There is a lot accomplished in 75 lines of code for a "low level" language.
HEX \ PC speaker hardware control (requires GIVEIO or DOSBOX for windows operation) 042 constant fctrl 043 constant tctrl 061 constant sctrl 0FC constant smask \ PC@ is Port char fetch (Intel IN instruction). PC! is port char store (Intel OUT instruction) : speak ( -- ) sctrl pc@ 03 or sctrl pc! ; : silence ( -- ) sctrl pc@ smask and 01 or sctrl pc! ; : tone ( freq -- ) \ freq is actually just a divisor value ?dup \ check for non-zero input if 0B6 tctrl pc! \ enable PC speaker dup fctrl pc! \ set freq 8 rshift fctrl pc! speak else silence then ; \ morse demonstration begins here DECIMAL 1000 value freq \ arbitrary value that sounded ok 90 value adit \ 1 dit will be 90 ms : dit_dur adit ms ; : dah_dur adit 3 * ms ; : wordgap adit 5 * ms ; : off_dur adit 2/ ms ; : lettergap dah_dur ; : sound ( -- ) freq tone ; : MORSE-EMIT ( char -- ) dup bl = \ check for space character if wordgap drop \ and delay if detected else pad C! \ write char to buffer pad 1 evaluate \ evaluate 1 character lettergap \ pause for correct sounding morse code then ; : TRANSMIT ( ADDR LEN -- ) cr \ newline, bounds \ convert loop indices to address ranges do I C@ dup emit \ dup and send char to console morse-emit \ send the morse code loop ; VOCABULARY MORSE \ prevent name conflicts with letters and numbers MORSE DEFINITIONS \ the following definitions go into MORSE namespace : . ( -- ) sound dit_dur silence off_dur ; : - ( -- ) sound dah_dur silence off_dur ; \ define morse letters as Forth words. They transmit when executed : A . - ; : B - . . . ; : C - . - . ; : D - . . ; : E . ; : F . . - . ; : G - - . ; : H . . . . ; : I . . ; : J . - - - ; : K - . - ; : L . - . . ; : M - - ; : N - . ; : O - - - ; : P . - - . ; : Q - - . - ; : R . - . ; : S . . . ; : T - ; : U . . - ; : V . . . - ; : W . - - ; : X - . . - ; : Y - . - - ; : Z - - . . ; : 0 - - - - - ; : 1 . - - - - ; : 2 . . - - - ; : 3 . . . - - ; : 4 . . . . - ; : 5 . . . . . ; : 6 - . . . . ; : 7 - - . . . ; : 8 - - - . . ; : 9 - - - - . ; : ' - . . - . ; : \ . - - - . ; : ! . - . - . ; : ? . . - - . . ; : , - - . . - - ; : / - . . - . ; : . . - . - . - ; PREVIOUS DEFINITIONS \ go back to previous namespace : TRANSMIT MORSE TRANSMIT PREVIOUS ; Test at the Forth console
S" CQ CQ CQ DE VE3CFW VE3CFW K " TRANSMIT CQ CQ CQ DE VE3CFW VE3CFW K ok MORSE A B C D E F G PREVIOUS ok
' FB 1.05.0 Win64 ' Using Beep function in Win32 API Dim As Any Ptr library = DyLibLoad("kernel32") Dim Shared beep_ As Function (ByVal As ULong, ByVal As ULong) As Long beep_ = DyLibSymbol(library, "Beep") Sub playMorse(m As String) For i As Integer = 0 To Len(m) - 1 If m[i] = 46 Then '' ascii code for dot beep_(1000, 250) Else '' must be ascii code for dash (45) beep_(1000, 750) End If Sleep 50 Next Sleep 150 End Sub Dim morse(0 To 35) As String => _ { _ ".-", _ '' a "-...", _ '' b "-.-.", _ '' c "-..", _ '' d ".", _ '' e "..-.", _ '' f "--.", _ '' g "....", _ '' h "..", _ '' i ".---", _ '' j "-.-", _ '' k ".-..", _ '' l "--", _ '' m "-.", _ '' n "---", _ '' o ".--.", _ '' p "--.-", _ '' q ".-.", _ '' r "...", _ '' s "-", _ '' t "..-", _ '' u "...-", _ '' v ".--", _ '' w "-..-", _ '' x "-.--", _ '' y "--..", _ '' z "-----", _ '' 0 ".----", _ '' 1 "..---", _ '' 2 "...--", _ '' 3 "....-", _ '' 4 ".....", _ '' 5 "-....", _ '' 6 "--...", _ '' 7 "---..", _ '' 8 "----." _ '' 9 } Dim s As String = "The quick brown fox" For i As Integer = 0 To Len(s) -1 Select Case As Const s[i] Case 65 To 90 '' A - Z playMorse(morse(s[i] - 65)) Case 97 To 122 '' a - z playMorse(morse(s[i] - 97)) Case 48 To 57 '' 0 - 9 playMorse(morse(s[i] - 22)) Case Else '' ignore any other character Sleep 250 End Select Next DyLibFree(library) End
When compiled with FB, this code produces a packaged, stand-alone 64-bit application that will run on either Intel or the newer M-series Macs. It translates a text string into Morse Code and plays back characters along with their respective sounds. The oscillator frequency and volume, along with letter and word spacing, can be adjusted with the definitions at the head of the file. While the code meets the Rosetta Code parameters, it's by no means exhaustive. For instance, it does not include translation of punctuation or prosigns, and the GUI is minimal. It's simply a proof of concept. It's been tested on Catalina (10.15.x) to Monterey (12.4.x) with Ventura still in beta at the time of this post. The free FB compiler is available on the FutureBasic home page.
include "NSLog.incl" include "Tlbx AVKit.incl" #define VOLUME 0.2 #define HZ_FREQUENCY 440.0 _ditDelay = 100 _dahDelay = 200 _spcDelay = 300 void local fn PlayCodeDone( ref as AVAudioPlayerNodeRef, userData as ptr ) NSLog(@"%@\b",userData) end fn local fn PlayFrequency( frequency as float, amplitude as float, character as CFStringRef ) as AVAudioPlayerNodeRef static AVAudioEngineRef audioEngine audioEngine = fn AVAudioEngineInit AVAudioPlayerNodeRef player = fn AVAudioPlayerNodeInit AVAudioMixerNodeRef mixer = fn AVAudioEngineMainMixerNode( audioEngine ) float sampleRate = fn AVAudioFormatSampleRate( fn AVAudioNodeOutputFormatForBus( mixer, 0 ) ) AVAudioFrameCount frameBufferLength = fn floorf( sampleRate / frequency ) * 1 AVAudioPCMBufferRef buffer = fn AVAudioPCMBufferWithFormat( fn AVAudioNodeOutputFormatForBus( player, 0 ), frameBufferLength ) AVAudioPCMBufferSetFrameLength( buffer, frameBufferLength ) NSInteger channelCount = fn AVAudioFormatChannelCount( fn AVAudioNodeOutputFormatForBus( mixer, 0 ) ) AVAudioFrameCount frameLength = fn AVAudioPCMBufferFrameLength( buffer ) ptr p = (ptr)fn AVAudioPCMBufferFloatChannelData(buffer) xref floatChannelData(100) as ^float floatChannelData = p long i, channelNumber float theta, value ^float channelBuffer for i = 0 to frameLength - 1 theta = frequency * i * 2.0 * M_PI / sampleRate value = fn sinf(theta) for channelNumber = 0 to channelCount - 1 channelBuffer = floatChannelData(channelNumber) cln channelBuffer[i] = value * amplitude; next next AVAudioEngineAttachNode( audioEngine, player ) AVAudioEngineConnect( audioEngine, player, mixer, fn AVAudioNodeOutputFormatForBus( player, 0 ) ) fn AVAudioEngineStart( audioEngine, NULL ) AVAudioPlayerNodePlay( player ) AVAudioPlayerNodeScheduleBufferAtTime( player, buffer, NULL, AVAudioPlayerNodeBufferLoops, @fn PlayCodeDone, (ptr)character ) end fn = player void local fn PlayMorseCode( play as BOOL, character as CFStringRef ) static AVAudioPlayerNodeRef player select ( play ) case YES : player = fn PlayFrequency( HZ_FREQUENCY, VOLUME, character ) case NO : AVAudioPlayerNodeStop( player ) // : AppRemoveAllProperties end select end fn local fn ParseCodeAndPlay( character as CFStringRef ) dispatchmain if fn StringIsEqual( character, @"." ) then timerbegin : fn PlayMorseCode( YES, character ) : delay _ditDelay : fn PlayMorseCode( NO, NULL ) : timerend if fn StringIsEqual( character, @"-" ) then timerbegin : fn PlayMorseCode( YES, character ) : delay _dahDelay : fn PlayMorseCode( NO, NULL ) : timerend if fn StringIsEqual( character, @" " ) then timerbegin : NSLog(@" \b") : delay _spcDelay : timerend if fn StringIsEqual( character, @"\n" ) then timerbegin : NSLog(@"") : timerend dispatchend end fn local fn MorseCharacter( letter as CFStringRef ) as CFStringRef CFDictionaryRef morseDict = @{ @"a":@".-", @"b":@"-...", @"c":@"-.-.", @"d":@"-..", @"e":@".", @"f":@"..-.", @"g":@"--.", @"h":@"....", @"i":@"..", @"j":@".---", @"k":@"-.-", @"l":@".-..", @"m":@"--", @"n":@"-.", @"o":@"---", @"p":@".--.", @"q":@"--.-", @"r":@".-.", @"s":@"...", @"t":@"-", @"u":@"..-", @"v":@"...-", @"w":@".--", @"x":@"-..-", @"y":@"-.--", @"z":@"--..", @"0":@"-----", @"1":@".----", @"2":@"..---", @"3":@"...--", @"4":@"....-", @"5":@".....", @"6":@"-....", @"7":@"--...", @"8":@"---..", @"9":@"----."} end fn = morseDict[letter] local fn BuildMorseString( asciiStr as CFStringRef ) as CFStringRef NSInteger i CFStringRef processStr = fn StringLowerCaseString( asciiStr ) CFMutableStringRef mutStr = fn MutableStringWithCapacity(0) NSInteger length = len( processStr ) for i = 0 to length - 1 CFStringRef temp = mid( processStr, i, 1 ) select ( temp ) case @"\n", @"\r" MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, @"\n" ) case else CFStringRef code = fn MorseCharacter( temp ) if ( code != NULL ) MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, fn StringByAppendingString( code, @" " ) ) else MutableStringAppendString( mutStr, @" " ) end if end select next end fn = fn StringWithString( mutStr ) local fn MorseCodeAudio( morseStr as CFStringRef ) NSInteger i NSInteger length = len( morseStr ) for i = 0 to length - 1 CFStringRef temp = mid( morseStr, i, 1 ) fn ParseCodeAndPlay( temp ) next end fn local fn OutputMorseCode( morseStr as CFStringRef ) NSLog( @"\nSample ham radio Morse Code transmission:\n\n%@", morseStr ) CFStringRef codeStr = fn BuildMorseString( morseStr ) NSLog( @"\n\nMorse Code:\n\n%@", codeStr ) NSLog( @"\n\nAudio playing...\n" ) dispatchglobal fn MorseCodeAudio( codeStr ) dispatchend end fn CFStringRef morseStr = @"CQ CQ CQ DE K1XYZ K1XYZ K TRANSMIT K1XYZ DE W1ZZZ TKS FOR CALL UR RST 479 479 NAME KEN KEN QTH NR KENTUCKY KENTUCKY G3ZZY DE W1ZZZ K" fn OutputMorseCode( morseStr ) HandleEvents- Output:
Sample ham radio Morse Code transmission: CQ CQ CQ DE K1XYZ K1XYZ K TRANSMIT K1XYZ DE W1ZZZ TKS FOR CALL UR RST 479 479 NAME KEN KEN QTH NR KENTUCKY KENTUCKY K1XYZ DE W1ZZZ K Morse Code: -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.. . -.- .---- -..- -.-- --.. -.- .---- -..- -.-- --.. -.- - .-. .- -. ... -- .. - -.- .---- -..- -.-- --.. -.. . .-- .---- --.. --.. --.. - -.- ... ..-. --- .-. -.-. .- .-.. .-.. ..- .-. .-. ... - ....- --... ----. ....- --... ----. -. .- -- . -.- . -. -.- . -. --.- - .... -. .-. -.- . -. - ..- -.-. -.- -.-- -.- . -. - ..- -.-. -.- -.-- --. ...-- --.. --.. -.-- -.. . .-- .---- --.. --.. --.. -.- Audio playing... -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.-. --.- -.. . -.- .---- -..- -.
'Requires component 'gb.sdl2.audio' Public Sub Main() Dim sMessage As String = "Hello World" Dim sFile As String = File.Load("../morse.txt") 'Contains A,.- B,-... etc Dim sChar As New String[] Dim sMorse As New String[] Dim sOutPut As New String[] Dim sTemp As String Dim siCount, siLoop As Short Dim bTrigger As Boolean Dim fDelay As Float = 0.4 If Not Exist("/tmp/dot.ogg") Then Copy "../dot.ogg" To "/tmp/dot.ogg" 'Sounds downloaded from If Not Exist("/tmp/dash.ogg") Then Copy "../dash.ogg" To "/tmp/dash.ogg" 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code#Letters.2C_numbers.2C_punctuation.2C_prosigns_for_Morse_code_and_non-English_variants For Each sTemp In Split(sFile, gb.NewLine) sChar.add(Split(Trim(sTemp))[0]) sMorse.add(Split(Trim(sTemp))[1]) Next For siCount = 1 To Len(sMessage) For siLoop = 0 To sChar.Max If sChar[siLoop] = Mid(UCase(sMessage), siCount, 1) Then sOutPut.Add(sMorse[siLoop]) bTrigger = True Break End If Next If bTrigger = False Then sOutPut.Add(" ") bTrigger = False Next Print sOutPut.Join(" ") For siCount = 0 To Len(sMessage) - 1 For siLoop = 0 To Len(sOutPut[siCount]) - 1 If Mid(sOutPut[siCount], siLoop + 1, 1) = "." Then Music.Load("/tmp/dot.ogg") Music.Play Wait fDelay Else If Mid(sOutPut[siCount], siLoop + 1, 1) = "-" Then Music.Load("/tmp/dash.ogg") Music.Play Wait fDelay Else Wait fDelay Endif Next Next End Output (plus sound):
.... . .-.. .-.. --- .-- --- .-. .-.. -..
// Command morse translates an input string into morse code, // showing the output on the console, and playing it as sound. // Only works on ubuntu. package main import ( "flag" "fmt" "log" "regexp" "strings" "syscall" "time" "unicode" ) // A key represents an action on the morse key. // It's either on or off, for the given duration. type key struct { duration int on bool sym string // for debug output } var ( runeToKeys = map[rune][]key{} interCharGap = []key{{1, false, ""}} punctGap = []key{{7, false, " / "}} charGap = []key{{3, false, " "}} wordGap = []key{{7, false, " / "}} ) const rawMorse = ` A:.- J:.--- S:... 1:.---- .:.-.-.- ::---... B:-... K:-.- T:- 2:..--- ,:--..-- ;:-.-.-. C:-.-. L:.-.. U:..- 3:...-- ?:..--.. =:-...- D:-.. M:-- V:...- 4:....- ':.----. +:.-.-. E:. N:-. W:.-- 5:..... !:-.-.-- -:-....- F:..-. O:--- X:-..- 6:-.... /:-..-. _:..--.- G:--. P:.--. Y:-.-- 7:--... (:-.--. ":.-..-. H:.... Q:--.- Z:--.. 8:---.. ):-.--.- $:...-..- I:.. R:.-. 0:----- 9:----. &:.-... @:.--.-. ` func init() { // Convert the rawMorse table into a map of morse key actions. r := regexp.MustCompile("([^ ]):([.-]+)") for _, m := range r.FindAllStringSubmatch(rawMorse, -1) { c := m[1][0] keys := []key{} for i, dd := range m[2] { if i > 0 { keys = append(keys, interCharGap...) } if dd == '.' { keys = append(keys, key{1, true, "."}) } else if dd == '-' { keys = append(keys, key{3, true, "-"}) } else { log.Fatalf("found %c in morse for %c", dd, c) } runeToKeys[rune(c)] = keys runeToKeys[unicode.ToLower(rune(c))] = keys } } } // MorseKeys translates an input string into a series of keys. func MorseKeys(in string) ([]key, error) { afterWord := false afterChar := false result := []key{} for _, c := range in { if unicode.IsSpace(c) { afterWord = true continue } morse, ok := runeToKeys[c] if !ok { return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't translate %c to morse", c) } if unicode.IsPunct(c) && afterChar { result = append(result, punctGap...) } else if afterWord { result = append(result, wordGap...) } else if afterChar { result = append(result, charGap...) } result = append(result, morse...) afterChar = true afterWord = false } return result, nil } func main() { var ditDuration time.Duration flag.DurationVar(&ditDuration, "d", 40*time.Millisecond, "length of dit") flag.Parse() in := "hello world." if len(flag.Args()) > 1 { in = strings.Join(flag.Args(), " ") } keys, err := MorseKeys(in) if err != nil { log.Fatalf("failed to translate: %s", err) } for _, k := range keys { if k.on { if err := note(true); err != nil { log.Fatalf("failed to play note: %s", err) } } fmt.Print(k.sym) time.Sleep(ditDuration * time.Duration(k.duration)) if k.on { if err := note(false); err != nil { log.Fatalf("failed to stop note: %s", err) } } } fmt.Println() } // Implement sound on ubuntu. Needs permission to access /dev/console. var consoleFD uintptr func init() { fd, err := syscall.Open("/dev/console", syscall.O_WRONLY, 0) if err != nil { log.Fatalf("failed to get console device: %s", err) } consoleFD = uintptr(fd) } const KIOCSOUND = 0x4B2F const clockTickRate = 1193180 const freqHz = 600 // note either starts or stops a note. func note(on bool) error { arg := uintptr(0) if on { arg = clockTickRate / freqHz } _, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_IOCTL, consoleFD, KIOCSOUND, arg) if errno != 0 { return errno } return nil } This implementation requires that the "play" program of the SoX (Sound eXchange) package be installed. However, it is easy to replace the module that uses it with a different one.
The main program.
import System.IO import MorseCode import MorsePlaySox -- Read standard input, converting text to Morse code, then playing the result. -- We turn off buffering on stdin so it will play as you type. main = do hSetBuffering stdin NoBuffering text <- getContents play $ toMorse text The module to convert text to Morse code symbols.
module MorseCode (Morse, MSym(..), toMorse) where import Data.List import Data.Maybe import qualified Data.Map as M type Morse = [MSym] data MSym = Dot | Dash | SGap | CGap | WGap deriving (Show) -- Based on the table of International Morse Code letters and numerals at -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code. dict = M.fromList [('a', m ".-" ), ('b', m "-..." ), ('c', m "-.-." ), ('d', m "-.." ), ('e', m "." ), ('f', m "..-." ), ('g', m "--." ), ('h', m "...." ), ('i', m ".." ), ('j', m ".---" ), ('k', m "-.-" ), ('l', m ".-.." ), ('m', m "--" ), ('n', m "-." ), ('o', m "---" ), ('p', m ".--." ), ('q', m "--.-" ), ('r', m ".-." ), ('s', m "..." ), ('t', m "-" ), ('u', m "..-" ), ('v', m "...-" ), ('w', m ".--" ), ('x', m "-..-" ), ('y', m "-.--" ), ('z', m "--.." ), ('1', m ".----"), ('2', m "..---"), ('3', m "...--"), ('4', m "....-"), ('5', m "....."), ('6', m "-...."), ('7', m "--..."), ('8', m "---.."), ('9', m "----."), ('0', m "-----")] where m = intersperse SGap . map toSym toSym '.' = Dot toSym '-' = Dash -- Convert a string to a stream of Morse symbols. We enhance the usual dots -- and dashes with special "gap" symbols, which indicate the border between -- symbols, characters and words. This allows a player to easily adjust its -- timing by simply looking at the current symbol, rather than trying to keep -- track of state. toMorse :: String -> Morse toMorse = fromWords . words . weed where fromWords = intercalate [WGap] . map fromWord fromWord = intercalate [CGap] . map fromChar fromChar = fromJust . flip M.lookup dict weed = filter (\c -> c == ' ' || M.member c dict) The module to interpret Morse code symbols as sound.
module MorsePlaySox (play) where import Sound.Sox.Play import Sound.Sox.Option.Format import Sound.Sox.Signal.List import Data.Int import System.Exit import MorseCode samps = 15 -- samples/cycle freq = 700 -- cycles/second (frequency) rate = samps * freq -- samples/second (sampling rate) type Samples = [Int16] -- One cycle of silence and a sine wave. mute, sine :: Samples mute = replicate samps 0 sine = let n = fromIntegral samps f k = 8000.0 * sin (2*pi*k/n) in map (round . f . fromIntegral) [0..samps-1] -- Repeat samples until we have the specified duration in seconds. rep :: Float -> Samples -> Samples rep dur = take n . cycle where n = round (dur * fromIntegral rate) -- Convert Morse symbols to samples. Durations are in seconds, based on -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code#Representation.2C_timing_and_speeds. toSamples :: MSym -> Samples toSamples Dot = rep 0.1 sine toSamples Dash = rep 0.3 sine toSamples SGap = rep 0.1 mute toSamples CGap = rep 0.3 mute toSamples WGap = rep 0.7 mute -- Interpret the stream of Morse symbols as sound. play :: Morse -> IO ExitCode play = simple put none rate . concatMap toSamples require'strings media/wav' morse=:[:; [:(' ',~' .-' {~ 3&#.inv)&.> (_96{.".0 :0-.LF) {~ a.&i.@toupper 79 448 0 1121 0 0 484 214 644 0 151 692 608 455 205 242 161 134 125 122 121 202 229 238 241 715 637 0 203 0 400 475 5 67 70 22 1 43 25 40 4 53 23 49 8 7 26 52 77 16 13 2 14 41 17 68 71 76 214 0 644 0 401 ) onoffdur=: 0.01*100<.@*(1.2%[)*(4 4#:2 5 13){~' .-'i.] playmorse=: 30&$: :((wavnote&, 63 __"1)@(onoffdur morse)) Example use:
morse'this is an example' - .... .. ... .. ... .- -. . -..- .- -- .--. .-.. . playmorse'this is an example' 1 12 playmorse'as is this' 1 morse converts from text to dot dash notation
playmorse converts from text to sound (and produces an inconsequential result which should always be 1).
Note that playmorse takes an optional left argument (wpm). However, the current implementation is limited as it truncates the length of a morse element to the nearest 10 milliseconds in duration, to work around a limitation in wavnote. This means generated morse code sounds jump directly from 30wpm to 40wpm.
(If wpm were a part of the task spec, it might be worthwhile doing away with wavnote and generating sound samples directly. However, currently this task has no such requirement so merely documenting this issue should be sufficient.)
The long sequence of numbers in the definition of "morse" are meant to be interpreted as base 3 numbers, where a 1 digit represents a dot and a 2 digit represents a dash and a 0 digit represents a pause. The first of these numbers corresponds to the character ! and the last of the numbers corresponds to the character _ . To convert morse text to base 3 use: 3&#.@i.~&' .-'&>.
3&#.@i.~&' .-'&>, on the international morse for printable ascii characters, one character per line, with blank lines for the missing characters, was how that big long numeric list was originally generated. To recover that list you can use morse ::(''"_)"1,.a., but note that this will include blank lines for every missing ascii character. If you instead use morse ::('*'"_)"1,.a., you will get asterisks for the ascii characters after the final representable character.
The short sequence of numbers (2 5 13) in the definition of "onoffdur" are meant to be interpreted base 4 and correspond to the three characters <<space, dot and dash>> which can appear in a morse text sequence. The first "base 4 digit" in each of these numbers represents the relative "on" duration for the sound of one of these three characters and the second represents the relative "off" duration for that character.
The sequence 63 __ in the implementation corresponds to the note D# in the fifth octave above middle C's octave, and silence. In other words, the number 63 corresponds to midi note number 123, or almost 10kHz, and the number __ (negative infinity) corresponds to 0kHz or silence. (Note: midi uses 60 for middle C, where J's wavnote uses 0, because midi note numbers can not be negative.) In other words 63 is the "on note" and __ is the "off note" for generating morse sound.
import java.util.*; public class MorseCode { final static String[][] code = { {"A", ".- "}, {"B", "-... "}, {"C", "-.-. "}, {"D", "-.. "}, {"E", ". "}, {"F", "..-. "}, {"G", "--. "}, {"H", ".... "}, {"I", ".. "}, {"J", ".--- "}, {"K", "-.- "}, {"L", ".-.. "}, {"M", "-- "}, {"N", "-. "}, {"O", "--- "}, {"P", ".--. "}, {"Q", "--.- "}, {"R", ".-. "}, {"S", "... "}, {"T", "- "}, {"U", "..- "}, {"V", "...- "}, {"W", ".- - "}, {"X", "-..- "}, {"Y", "-.-- "}, {"Z", "--.. "}, {"0", "----- "}, {"1", ".---- "}, {"2", "..--- "}, {"3", "...-- "}, {"4", "....- "}, {"5", "..... "}, {"6", "-.... "}, {"7", "--... "}, {"8", "---.. "}, {"9", "----. "}, {"'", ".----. "}, {":", "---... "}, {",", "--..-- "}, {"-", "-....- "}, {"(", "-.--.- "}, {".", ".-.-.- "}, {"?", "..--.. "}, {";", "-.-.-. "}, {"/", "-..-. "}, {"-", "..--.- "}, {")", "---.. "}, {"=", "-...- "}, {"@", ".--.-. "}, {"\"", ".-..-."}, {"+", ".-.-. "}, {" ", "/"}}; // cheat a little final static Map<Character, String> map = new HashMap<>(); static { for (String[] pair : code) map.put(pair[0].charAt(0), pair[1].trim()); } public static void main(String[] args) { printMorse("sos"); printMorse(" Hello World!"); printMorse("Rosetta Code"); } static void printMorse(String input) { System.out.printf("%s %n", input); input = input.trim().replaceAll("[ ]+", " ").toUpperCase(); for (char c : input.toCharArray()) { String s = map.get(c); if (s != null) System.out.printf("%s ", s); } System.out.println("\n"); } } sos ... --- ... Hello World! .... . .-.. .-.. --- / .- - --- .-. .-.. -.. Rosetta Code .-. --- ... . - - .- / -.-. --- -.. .
With Sound Effect
import java.util.Map; import java.util.stream.IntStream; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioFormat; import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem; import javax.sound.sampled.LineUnavailableException; import javax.sound.sampled.SourceDataLine; public final class MorseCode { public static void main(String[] args) { Map<String, String> morseCode = Map.ofEntries( // International Morse Code, ITU standard Map.entry("A", ".-"), Map.entry("B", "-..."), Map.entry("C", "-.-."), Map.entry("D", "-.."), Map.entry("E", "."), Map.entry("F", "..-."), Map.entry("G", "--."), Map.entry("H", "...."), Map.entry("I", ".."), Map.entry("J", ".---"), Map.entry("K", "-.-"), Map.entry("L", ".-.."), Map.entry("M", "--"), Map.entry("N", "-."), Map.entry("O", "---"), Map.entry("P", ".--."), Map.entry("Q", "--.-"), Map.entry("R", ".-."), Map.entry("S", "..."), Map.entry("T", "-"), Map.entry("U", "..-"), Map.entry("V", "...-"), Map.entry("W", ".--"), Map.entry("X", "-..-"), Map.entry("Y", "-.--"), Map.entry("Z", "--.."), Map.entry("1", ".----"), Map.entry("2", "..---"), Map.entry("3", "...--"), Map.entry("4", "....-"), Map.entry("5", "....."), Map.entry("6", "-...."), Map.entry("7", "--..."), Map.entry("8", "---.."), Map.entry("9", "----."), Map.entry("0", "-----"), // Generally accepted additions Map.entry("'", ".----."), Map.entry(":", "---..."), Map.entry(",", "--..--"), Map.entry("-", "-....-"), Map.entry("(", "-.--.-"), Map.entry(".", ".-.-.-"), Map.entry("?", "..--.."), Map.entry(";", "-.-.-."), Map.entry("/", "-..-."), Map.entry(")", "---.."), Map.entry("=", "-...-"), Map.entry("@", ".--.-."), Map.entry("\"", ".-..-."), Map.entry("+", ".-.-.") ); prepareSourceDataLine(); final int frequency = 1280; // Frequency of the sound tone in Hertz final int time = 250; // Time unit in milliseconds // Correct pacing of the sound transmission is essential for practical use final int dot = 1; // Time units taken for one dot final int dash = 3; // Time units taken for one dash final int interval = 1; // Time units interval between dots and dashes final int letterInterval = 1; // Time units interval between letters of a word final int wordInterval = 7; // Time units interval between words String message = "Hello World"; for ( String letter : message.toUpperCase().split("") ) { switch ( letter ) { case " " -> tone(0, time * wordInterval, 0); default -> { String code = morseCode.get(letter); for ( String dotDash : code.split("") ) { switch ( dotDash ) { case "." -> { tone(frequency, time * dot, 1); tone(0, time * interval, 0); } case "-" -> { tone(frequency, time * dash, 1); tone(0, time * interval, 0); } } } } } tone(0, time * letterInterval, 0); } } private static void tone(double frequency, int duration, int volume) { sourceDataLine.start(); IntStream.range(0, 8 * duration).forEach( i -> { final double angle = i / ( SAMPLE_RATE / frequency ) * 2 * Math.PI; byte[] buffer = new byte[] { (byte) ( Math.sin(angle) * 127 * volume ) }; sourceDataLine.write(buffer, BYTE_OFFSET, buffer.length); } ); sourceDataLine.drain(); sourceDataLine.stop(); } private static void prepareSourceDataLine() { final int sampleSizeInBits = 8; final int numberChannels = 1; final boolean signedData = true; final boolean isBigEndian = false; AudioFormat audioFormat = new AudioFormat( SAMPLE_RATE, sampleSizeInBits, numberChannels, signedData, isBigEndian); try { sourceDataLine = AudioSystem.getSourceDataLine(audioFormat); sourceDataLine.open(audioFormat); } catch (LineUnavailableException lue) { lue.printStackTrace(); } } private static SourceDataLine sourceDataLine; private static float SAMPLE_RATE = 8_000.0F; private static final int BYTE_OFFSET = 0; } This implementation utilises the fairly new Web Audio API in the browser for generating tones, as such it only uses one vendor implementation (WebKit). It is split into three modules; 1. translating the characters into morse code. 2. creating timings for the morse code. 3. creating tones with the timings.
var globalAudioContext = new webkitAudioContext(); function morsecode(text, unit, freq) { 'use strict'; // defaults unit = unit ? unit : 0.05; freq = freq ? freq : 700; var cont = globalAudioContext; var time = cont.currentTime; // morsecode var code = { a: '._', b: '_...', c: '_._.', d: '_..', e: '.', f: '.._.', g: '__.', h: '....', i: '..', j: '.___', k: '_._', l: '._..', m: '__', n: '_.', o: '___', p: '.__.', q: '__._', r: '._.', s: '...', t: '_', u: '.._', v: '..._', w: '.__', x: '_.._', y: '_.__', z: '__..', 0: '_____', 1: '.____', 2: '..___', 3: '...__', 4: '...._', 5: '.....', 6: '_....', 7: '__...', 8: '___..', 9: '____.' }; // generate code for text function makecode(data) { for (var i = 0; i <= data.length; i ++) { var codedata = data.substr(i, 1).toLowerCase(); codedata = code[codedata]; // recognised character if (codedata !== undefined) { maketime(codedata); } // unrecognised character else { time += unit * 7; } } } // generate time for code function maketime(data) { for (var i = 0; i <= data.length; i ++) { var timedata = data.substr(i, 1); timedata = (timedata === '.') ? 1 : (timedata === '_') ? 3 : 0; timedata *= unit; if (timedata > 0) { maketone(timedata); time += timedata; // tone gap time += unit * 1; } } // char gap time += unit * 2; } // generate tone for time function maketone(data) { var start = time; var stop = time + data; // filter: envelope the tone slightly gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0, start); gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(1, start + (unit / 8)); gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(1, stop - (unit / 16)); gain.gain.linearRampToValueAtTime(0, stop); } // create: oscillator, gain, destination var osci = cont.createOscillator(); osci.frequency.value = freq; var gain = cont.createGainNode(); gain.gain.value = 0; var dest = cont.destination; // connect: oscillator -> gain -> destination osci.connect(gain); gain.connect(dest); // start oscillator osci.start(time); // begin encoding: text -> code -> time -> tone makecode(text); // return web audio context for reuse / control return cont; } Usage:
morsecode('Hello World'); - Output:
Requires a sound card and the PortAudio libraries.
using PortAudio const pstream = PortAudioStream(0, 2) sendmorsesound(t, f) = write(pstream, SinSource(eltype(stream), samplerate(stream)*0.8, [f]), (t/1000)s) char2morse = Dict[ "!" => "---.", "\"" => ".-..-.", "$" => "...-..-", "'" => ".----.", "(" => "-.--.", ")" => "-.--.-", "+" => ".-.-.", "," => "--..--", "-" => "-....-", "." => ".-.-.-", "/" => "-..-.", "0" => "-----", "1" => ".----", "2" => "..---", "3" => "...--", "4" => "....-", "5" => ".....", "6" => "-....", "7" => "--...", "8" => "---..", "9" => "----.", ":" => "---...", ";" => "-.-.-.", "=" => "-...-", "?" => "..--..", "@" => ".--.-.", "A" => ".-", "B" => "-...", "C" => "-.-.", "D" => "-..", "E" => ".", "F" => "..-.", "G" => "--.", "H" => "....", "I" => "..", "J" => ".---", "K" => "-.-", "L" => ".-..", "M" => "--", "N" => "-.", "O" => "---", "P" => ".--.", "Q" => "--.-", "R" => ".-.", "S" => "...", "T" => "-", "U" => "..-", "V" => "...-", "W" => ".--", "X" => "-..-", "Y" => "-.--", "Z" => "--..", "[" => "-.--.", "]" => "-.--.-", "_" => "..--.-"] function sendmorsesound(freq, duration) cpause() = sleep(0.080) wpause = sleep(0.400) dit() = sendmorsesound(0.070, 700) dash() = sensmorsesound(0.210, 700) sendmorsechar(c) = for d in char2morse(c) d == '.' ? dit(): dash() end end sendmorseword(w) = for c in w sendmorsechar(c) cpause() end wpause() end sendmorse(msg) = for word in uppercase(msg) sendmorseword(word) end sendmorse("sos sos sos") sendmorse("The case of letters in Morse coding is ignored." Java does not have easy access to the beep method, so we need to create one using the Audio API it provides.
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioFormat import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem val morseCode = hashMapOf( 'a' to ".-", 'b' to "-...", 'c' to "-.-.", 'd' to "-..", 'e' to ".", 'f' to "..-.", 'g' to "--.", 'h' to "....", 'i' to "..", 'j' to ".---", 'k' to "-.-", 'l' to ".-..", 'm' to "--", 'n' to "-.", 'o' to "---", 'p' to ".--.", 'q' to "--.-", 'r' to ".-.", 's' to "...", 't' to "-", 'u' to "..-", 'v' to "...-", 'w' to ".--", 'x' to "-..-", 'y' to "-.--", 'z' to "--..", '0' to ".....", '1' to "-....", '2' to "--...", '3' to "---..", '4' to "----.", '5' to "-----", '6' to ".----", '7' to "..---", '8' to "...--", '9' to "....-", ' ' to "/", ',' to "--..--", '!' to "-.-.--", '"' to ".-..-.", '.' to ".-.-.-", '?' to "..--..", '\'' to ".----.", '/' to "-..-.", '-' to "-....-", '(' to "-.--.-", ')' to "-.--.-" ) val symbolDurationInMs = hashMapOf('.' to 200, '-' to 500, '/' to 1000) fun toMorseCode(message: String) = message.filter { morseCode.containsKey(it) } .fold("") { acc, ch -> acc + morseCode[ch]!! } fun playMorseCode(morseCode: String) = morseCode.forEach { symbol -> beep(symbolDurationInMs[symbol]!!) } fun beep(durationInMs: Int) { val soundBuffer = ByteArray(durationInMs * 8) for ((i, _) in soundBuffer.withIndex()) { soundBuffer[i] = (Math.sin(i / 8.0 * 2.0 * Math.PI) * 80.0).toByte() } val audioFormat = AudioFormat( /*sampleRate*/ 8000F, /*sampleSizeInBits*/ 8, /*channels*/ 1, /*signed*/ true, /*bigEndian*/ false ) with (AudioSystem.getSourceDataLine(audioFormat)!!) { open(audioFormat) start() write(soundBuffer, 0, soundBuffer.size) drain() close() } } fun main(args: Array<String>) { args.forEach { playMorseCode(toMorseCode(it.toLowerCase())) } } val morse_code = { "A": ".-", "B": "-...", "C": "-.-.", "D": "-..", "E": ".", "F": "..-.", "G": "--.", "H": "....", "I": "..", "J": ".---", "K": "-.-", "L": ".-..", "M": "--", "N": "-.", "O": "---", "P": ".--.", "Q": "--.-", "R": ".-.", "S": "...", "T": "-", "U": "..-", "V": "...-", "W": ".--", "X": "-..-", "Y": "-.--", "Z": "--..", "0": "-----", "1": ".----", "2": "..---", "3": "...--", "4": "....-", "5": ".....", "6": "-....", "7": "--...", "8": "---..", "9": "----.", ".": ".-.-.-", " ": " ", } val conv = fn(s string) { for[=""] i of s { _for ~= morse_code[cp2s(ucase(s[i])); "........"] if i < len(s): _for ~= " " } } val test = fn*(s string) { # with 2 different methods of transliteration writeln "orig. string: ", s writeln "morse code1 : ", conv(s) writeln "morse code2 : ", tran(ucase(s), with=morse_code, delim=" ") writeln() } test("This is a test.")- Output:
orig. string: This is a test. morse code1 : - .... .. ... .. ... .- - . ... - .-.-.- morse code2 : - .... .. ... .. ... .- - . ... - .-.-.-
'The following code relies on the Windows API Input "Input the text to translate to Morse Code... "; string$ Print PlayMorse$(string$) End Function PlayMorse$(string$) 'LetterGap = (3 * BaseTime) 'WordGap = (7 * BaseTime) BaseTime = 50 freq = 1250 PlayMorse$ = TranslateToMorse$(string$) morseCode$ = "./-" For i = 1 To Len(PlayMorse$) Scan dwDuration = (Instr(morseCode$, Mid$(PlayMorse$, i, 1)) * BaseTime) If (Mid$(PlayMorse$, i, 1) <> " ") Then CallDLL #kernel32, "Beep", freq As ulong, dwDuration As ulong, ret As long CallDLL #kernel32, "Sleep", BaseTime As long, ret As void End If If (Mid$(PlayMorse$, i, 1) <> " ") Then sleep = (3 * BaseTime) Else sleep = (7 * BaseTime) End If CallDLL #kernel32, "Sleep", sleep As long, ret As void Next i End Function Function TranslateToMorse$(string$) string$ = Upper$(string$) For i = 1 To Len(string$) While desc$ <> "End" Read desc$, value$ If desc$ = "" Then desc$ = chr$(34) If desc$ = Mid$(string$, i, 1) Then If Mid$(string$, i, 1) <> " " Then value$ = " " + value$ TranslateToMorse$ = TranslateToMorse$ + value$ Exit While End If Wend If desc$ = "End" Then Notice Mid$(string$, i, 1) + " is not accounted for in the Morse Code Table." Restore Next i TranslateToMorse$ = Trim$(TranslateToMorse$) Data "A", ".-", "B", "-...", "C", "-.-.", "D", "-..", "E", ".", "F", "..-.", "G", "--." Data "H", "....", "I", "..", "J", ".---", "K", "-.-", "L", ".-..", "M", "--", "N", "-." Data "O", "---", "P", ".--.", "Q", "--.-", "R", ".-.", "S", "...", "T", "-", "U", "..-" Data "V", "...-", "W", ".--", "X", "-..-", "Y", "-.--", "Z", "--..", "Á", "--.-", "Ä", ".-.-" Data "É", "..-..", "Ñ", "--.--", "Ö", "---.", "Ü", "..--", "1", ".----", "2", "..---" Data "3", "...--", "4", "....-", "5", ".....", "6", "-....", "7", "--...", "8", "---.." Data "9", "----.", "0", "-----", ",", "--..--", ".", ".-.-.-", "?", "..--..", ";", "-.-.-" Data ":", "---...", "/", "-..-.", "-", "-....-", "'", ".----.", "+", ".-.-.", "", ".-..-." Data "@", ".--.-.", "(", "-.--.", ")", "-.--.-", "_", "..--.-", "$", "...-..-", "&", ".-..." Data "=", "-...-", "!", "..--.", " ", " ", "End", "" End FunctionThe following code is actual eLua code used to beep the speaker in Morse code n the Shenzhou III STM32F103ZET6 evaluation board. eLua is a Lua 5.1.4 implementation paired with libraries for low-level hardware access in embedded systems. The below code could easily be converted to any other Lua 5.n environment (including games), provided some kind of sound library has been installed. Only the functions buzz and pause would have to be modified.
local M = {} -- module-local variables local BUZZER = pio.PB_10 local dit_length, dah_length, word_length -- module-local functions local buzz, dah, dit, init, inter_element_gap, medium_gap, pause, sequence, short_gap buzz = function(duration) pio.pin.output(BUZZER) pio.pin.setlow(BUZZER) tmr.delay(tmr.SYS_TIMER, duration) pio.pin.sethigh(BUZZER) pio.pin.input(BUZZER) end dah = function() buzz(dah_length) end dit = function() buzz(dit_length) end init = function(baseline) dit_length = baseline dah_length = 2 * baseline word_length = 4 * baseline end inter_element_gap = function() pause(dit_length) end medium_gap = function() pause(word_length) end pause = function(duration) tmr.delay(tmr.SYS_TIMER, duration) end sequence = function(codes) if codes then for _,f in ipairs(codes) do f() inter_element_gap() end short_gap() end end short_gap = function() pause(dah_length) end local morse = { a = { dit, dah }, b = { dah, dit, dit, dit }, c = { dah, dit, dah, dit }, d = { dah, dit, dit }, e = { dit }, f = { dit, dit, dah, dit }, g = { dah, dah, dit }, h = { dit, dit, dit ,dit }, i = { dit, dit }, j = { dit, dah, dah, dah }, k = { dah, dit, dah }, l = { dit, dah, dit, dit }, m = { dah, dah }, n = { dah, dit }, o = { dah, dah, dah }, p = { dit, dah, dah, dit }, q = { dah, dah, dit, dah }, r = { dit, dah, dit }, s = { dit, dit, dit }, t = { dah }, u = { dit, dit, dah }, v = { dit, dit, dit, dah }, w = { dit, dah, dah }, x = { dah, dit, dit, dah }, y = { dah, dit, dah, dah }, z = { dah, dah, dit, dit }, ["0"] = { dah, dah, dah, dah, dah }, ["1"] = { dit, dah, dah, dah, dah }, ["2"] = { dit, dit, dah, dah, dah }, ["3"] = { dit, dit, dit, dah, dah }, ["4"] = { dit, dit, dit, dit, dah }, ["5"] = { dit, dit, dit, dit, dit }, ["6"] = { dah, dit, dit, dit, dit }, ["7"] = { dah, dah, dit, dit, dit }, ["8"] = { dah, dah, dah, dit, dit }, ["9"] = { dah, dah, dah, dah, dit }, [" "] = { medium_gap } } -- public interface M.beep = function(message) message = message:lower() for _,ch in ipairs { message:byte(1, #message) } do sequence(morse[string.char(ch)]) end end M.set_dit = function(duration) init(duration) end -- initialization code init(50000) return M Using this module is as simple as:
morse = require 'morse' morse.beep "I am the very model of a modern major-general." Partially from python code
Module Morse_code { declare Json JsonObject json$={{ "!": "---.", "\"": ".-..-.", "$": "...-..-", "'": ".----.", "(": "-.--.", ")": "-.--.-", "+": ".-.-.", ",": "--..--", "-": "-....-", ".": ".-.-.-", "/": "-..-.", "0": "-----", "1": ".----", "2": "..---", "3": "...--", "4": "....-", "5": ".....", "6": "-....", "7": "--...", "8": "---..", "9": "----.", ":": "---...", ";": "-.-.-.", "=": "-...-", "?": "..--..", "@": ".--.-.", "A": ".-", "B": "-...", "C": "-.-.", "D": "-..", "E": ".", "F": "..-.", "G": "--.", "H": "....", "I": "..", "J": ".---", "K": "-.-", "L": ".-..", "M": "--", "N": "-.", "O": "---", "P": ".--.", "Q": "--.-", "R": ".-.", "S": "...", "T": "-", "U": "..-", "V": "...-", "W": ".--", "X": "-..-", "Y": "-.--", "Z": "--..", "[": "-.--.", "]": "-.--.-", "_": "..--.-", }} e = 50 ' Element time in ms. one dit is on for e then off for e f = 1280 ' Tone freq. in hertz chargap = 1*e ' Time between characters of a word wordgap = 7*e ' Time between words method json, "parser", json$ as json with json, "itempath" as json.path$() Input "Send Message:";a$ a$=trim$(a$) if len(a$)=0 then exit a$=ucase$(a$) for i=1 to len(a$) L$=mid$(a$, i, 1) Print L$; Send(json.path$(L$)) next sub Send(a$) if len(a$)=0 then wait wordgap : exit sub local i for i=1 to len(a$) select case mid$(a$, i, 1) case "." tone e, f case "-" tone 3*e, f case else tone 3*e, f mod 2 end select wait chargap next end sub } Keyboard "This is Morse_code", 13 Morse_code A Morse "codec" based on replacement rule programming. Replacement rules also translate the text Morse code into audible Morse code. The dots and dashes become clarinet middle-C notes of different lengths. Unknown characters encode into "?" in Morse text and clarinet F# in Morse audio. The function, sonicMorse[s_String], plays the Morse code audio translation of a string.
Dictionary = Join[CharacterRange["a", "z"], CharacterRange["0", "9"]]; mark = 0.1; gap = 0.125; (* gap should be equal to mark. But longer gap makes audio code easier to decode *) shortgap = 3*gap; medgap = 7*gap; longmark = 3*mark; MorseDictionary = { ".-", "-...", "-.-.", "-..", ".", "..-.", "--.", "....", "..", ".---", "-.-", ".-..", "--", "-.", "---", ".--.", "--.-", ".-.", "...", "-", "..-", "...-", ".--", "-..-", "-.--", "--..", "-----", ".----", "..---", "...--", "....-", ".....", "-....", "--...", "---..", "----." }; MorseDictionary = # <> " " & /@ MorseDictionary; (* Force short gap silence after each letter/digit *) Tones = { SoundNote[None, medgap], SoundNote[None, shortgap], {SoundNote["C", mark, "Clarinet"], SoundNote[None, gap]}, {SoundNote["C", longmark, "Clarinet"], SoundNote[None, gap]}, {SoundNote["F#", mark, "Clarinet"], SoundNote[None, gap]} (* Use F# short mark to denote unrecognized character *) }; codeRules = MapThread[Rule, {Dictionary, MorseDictionary}]; decodeRules = MapThread[Rule, {MorseDictionary, Dictionary}]; soundRules = MapThread[Rule, {{" ", " ", ".", "-", "?"}, Tones}]; (* The order of the rules here is important. Otherwise medium gaps and short gaps get confounded *) morseCode[s_String] := StringReplace[ToLowerCase@s, codeRules~Join~{x_ /; FreeQ[Flatten@{Dictionary, " "}, x] -> "? "}] morseDecode[s_String] := StringReplace[s, decodeRules] sonicMorse[s_String] := EmitSound@Sound@Flatten[Characters@morseCode@s /. soundRules] - Text example:
morseCode["SOS soS"] morseDecode[%] morseCode["s@os|"]
- Output:
"... --- ... ... --- ... " "sos sos" "... ? --- ... ? "
This function will remove any characters not defined in the morse code.
function [morseText,morseSound] = text2morse(string,playSound) %% Translate AlphaNumeric Text to Morse Text string = lower(string); %Defined such that the ascii code of the characters in the string map %to the indecies of the dictionary. morseDictionary = {{' ',' '},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'0','-----'},{'1','.----'},{'2','..---'},{'3','...--'},... {'4','....-'},{'5','.....'},{'6','-....'},{'7','--...'},... {'8','---..'},{'9','----.'},... {'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'',''},{'',''},{'',''},... {'a','.-'},{'b','-...'},{'c','-.-.'},{'d','-..'},... {'e','.'},{'f','..-.'},{'g','--.'},{'h','....'},... {'i','..'},{'j','.---'},{'k','-.-'},{'l','.-..'},... {'m','--'},{'n','-.'},{'o','---'},{'p','.--.'},... {'q','--.-'},{'r','.-.'},{'s','...'},{'t','-'},... {'u','..-'},{'v','...-'},{'w','.--'},{'x','-..-'},... {'y','-.--'},{'z','--..'}}; %Iterates through each letter in the string and converts it to morse %code morseText = arrayfun(@(x)[morseDictionary{x}{2} '|'],(string - 31),'UniformOutput',false); %The output of the previous operation is a cell array, we want it to be %a string. This line accomplishes that. morseText = cell2mat(morseText); morseText(end) = []; %delete extra pipe %% Translate Morse Text to Morse Audio %Generate the tones for each element of the code SamplingFrequency = 8192; %Hz ditLength = .1; %s dit = (0:1/SamplingFrequency:ditLength); dah = (0:1/SamplingFrequency:3*ditLength); dit = sin(3520*dit); dah = sin(3520*dah); silent = zeros(1,length(dit)); %A dictionary of the audio components of each symbol morseTiming = {{'.',[dit silent]},{'-',[dah silent]},{'|',[silent silent]},{' ',[silent silent]}}; morseSound = []; for i = (1:length(morseText)) %Iterate through each cell in the morseTiming cell array and %find which timing sequence corresponds to the current morse %text symbol. cellNum = find(cellfun(@(x)(x{1}==morseText(i)),morseTiming)); morseSound = [morseSound morseTiming{cellNum}{2}]; end morseSound(end-length(silent):end) = []; %Delete the extra silent tone at the end if(playSound) sound(morseSound,SamplingFrequency); %Play sound end end %text2morse - Output:
This will play the audio automatically, because the playSound argument is "true".
>> text2morse('Call me Ishmael.',true) ans = -.-.|.-|.-..|.-..| |--|.| |..|...|....|--|.-|.|.-..| MODULE MorseCode; FROM Terminal IMPORT WriteString,WriteLn,ReadChar; PROCEDURE WriteMorseCode(str : ARRAY OF CHAR); VAR i : CARDINAL; BEGIN WriteString(str); WriteLn; FOR i:=0 TO HIGH(str) DO CASE CAP(str[i]) OF 'A': WriteString(".-"); | 'B': WriteString("-..."); | 'C': WriteString("-.-"); | 'D': WriteString("-.."); | 'E': WriteString("."); | 'F': WriteString("..-."); | 'G': WriteString("--."); | 'H': WriteString("...."); | 'I': WriteString(".."); | 'J': WriteString(".---"); | 'K': WriteString("-.-"); | 'L': WriteString(".-.."); | 'M': WriteString("--"); | 'N': WriteString("-."); | 'O': WriteString("---"); | 'P': WriteString(".--."); | 'Q': WriteString("--.-"); | 'R': WriteString(".-."); | 'S': WriteString("..."); | 'T': WriteString("-"); | 'U': WriteString("..-"); | 'V': WriteString("...-"); | 'W': WriteString(".--"); | 'X': WriteString("-..-"); | 'Y': WriteString("-.--"); | 'Z': WriteString("--.."); | '0': WriteString("-----"); | '1': WriteString(".----"); | '2': WriteString("..---"); | '3': WriteString("...--"); | '4': WriteString("....-"); | '5': WriteString("....."); | '6': WriteString("-...."); | '7': WriteString("--..."); | '8': WriteString("---.."); | '9': WriteString("----."); | ' ': WriteString(" "); ELSE IF (str[i] # 0C) THEN WriteString("?"); END END; WriteString(" "); END; END WriteMorseCode; BEGIN WriteMorseCode("hello world"); WriteLn; ReadChar; END MorseCode. Text mode only. The text to translate is provided in the command line.
import os, strutils, tables const Morse = {'A': ".-", 'B': "-...", 'C': "-.-.", 'D': "-..", 'E': ".", 'F': "..-.", 'G': "--.", 'H': "....", 'I': "..", 'J': ".---", 'K': "-.-", 'L': ".-..", 'M': "--", 'N': "-.", 'O': "---", 'P': ".--.", 'Q': "--.-", 'R': ".-.", 'S': "...", 'T': "-", 'U': "..-", 'V': "...-", 'W': ".--", 'X': "-..-", 'Y': "-.--", 'Z': "--..", '0': "-----", '1': ".----", '2': "..---", '3': "...--", '4': "....-", '5': ".....", '6': "-....", '7': "--...", '8': "---..", '9': "----.", '.': ".-.-.-", ',': "--..--", '?': "..--..", '\'': ".----.", '!': "-.-.--", '/': "-..-.", '(': "-.--.", ')': "-.--.-", '&': ".-...", ':': "---...", ';': "-.-.-.", '=': "-...-", '+': ".-.-.", '-': "-....-", '_': "..--.-", '"': ".-..-.", '$': "...-..-", '@': ".--.-."}.toTable proc morse(s: string): string = var r: seq[string] for c in s: r.add Morse.getOrDefault(c.toUpperAscii, "") result = r.join(" ") var m: seq[string] for arg in commandLineParams(): m.add morse(arg) echo m.join(" ") - Output:
./morse Hello World! .... . .-.. .-.. --- .-- --- .-. .-.. -.. -.-.--
Using /dev/dsp:
let codes = [ 'a', ".-"; 'b', "-..."; 'c', "-.-."; 'd', "-.."; 'e', "."; 'f', "..-."; 'g', "--."; 'h', "...."; 'i', ".."; 'j', ".---"; 'k', "-.-"; 'l', ".-.."; 'm', "--"; 'n', "-."; 'o', "---"; 'p', ".--."; 'q', "--.-"; 'r', ".-."; 's', "..."; 't', "-"; 'u', "..-"; 'v', "...-"; 'w', ".--"; 'x', "-..-"; 'y', "-.--"; 'z', "--.."; '0', "-----"; '1', ".----"; '2', "..---"; '3', "...--"; '4', "....-"; '5', "....."; '6', "-...."; '7', "--..."; '8', "---.."; '9', "----."; ] let oc = open_out "/dev/dsp" let bip u = for i = 0 to pred u do let j = sin(0.6 *. (float i)) in let k = ((j +. 1.0) /. 2.0) *. 127.0 in output_byte oc (truncate k) done let gap u = for i = 0 to pred u do output_byte oc 0 done let morse = let u = 1000 in (* length of one unit *) let u2 = u * 2 in let u3 = u * 3 in let u6 = u * 6 in String.iter (function | ' ' -> gap u6 | 'a'..'z' | 'A'..'Z' | '0'..'9' as c -> let s = List.assoc c codes in String.iter (function '.' -> bip u; gap u | '-' -> bip u3; gap u | _ -> assert false ) s; gap u2 | _ -> prerr_endline "unknown char") let () = morse "rosettacode morse" There are no portable way to play the sound cross different OS, so this code only translates the input string into dot-dash notation.
To simplify the example will be used only lower letter case.
(display "Please, enter the string in lower case bounded by \" sign: ") (lfor (list->ff '( (#\a . ".-" ) (#\b . "-..." ) (#\c . "-.-." ) (#\d . "-.." ) (#\e . "." ) (#\f . "..-." ) (#\g . "--." ) (#\h . "...." ) (#\i . ".." ) (#\j . ".---" ) (#\k . "-.-" ) (#\l . ".-.." ) (#\m . "--" ) (#\n . "-." ) (#\o . "---" ) (#\p . ".--." ) (#\q . "--.-" ) (#\r . ".-." ) (#\s . "..." ) (#\t . "-" ) (#\u . "..-" ) (#\v . "...-" ) (#\w . ".--" ) (#\x . "-..-" ) (#\y . "-.--" ) (#\z . "--.." ) (#\1 . ".----") (#\2 . "..---") (#\3 . "...--") (#\4 . "....-") (#\5 . ".....") (#\6 . "-....") (#\7 . "--...") (#\8 . "---..") (#\9 . "----.") (#\0 . "-----") (#\space . " ") (#\. . " "))) (str-iter (read)) (lambda (codes char) (let ((out (getf codes char))) (if out (display out))) codes)) ; ==> Please, enter the string in lower case bounded by " sign: ; <== "hello world" ; ==> ......-...-..--- .-----.-..-..-..sleep(ms)={ while((ms-=gettime()) > 0,); }; dot()=print1(Strchr([7]));sleep(250); dash()=print1(Strchr([7]));sleep(10);print1(Strchr([7]));sleep(10);print1(Strchr([7]));sleep(250); Morse(s)={ s=Vec(s); for(i=1,#s, if(s[i] == ".", dot(), if(s[i] == "-", dash(), sleep(250)) ) ) }; Morse("...---...")Free Pascal in Delphi mode. This program uses OpenAL for cross-platform PCM audio.
{$mode delphi} PROGRAM cw; // Output a string as Morse code and CW. // Cross-platform PCM audio uses OpenAL USES OpenAL, HRTimer; // Intl. Morse codes in ASCII order CONST Morse: ARRAY [32..95] OF STRING = (' ','-.-.--','.-..-.','#','...-..-','%','.-...','.----.','-.--.','-.--.-','*','.-.-.','--..--','-....-','.-.-.-','-..-.','-----','.----','..---','...--','....-','.....','-....','--...','---..','----.','---...','-.-.-.','>','-...-','<','..--..','.--.-.','.-','-...','-.-.','-..','.','..-.','--.','....','..','.---','-.-','.-..','--','-.','---','.--.','--.-','.-.','...','-','..-','...-','.--','-..-','-.--','--..','-.--.','\','-.--.-','~','..--.-'); // lengthen dah by this fraction of dit: // best = 0.4; also lengthens pauses doh = 0.4; // an 0.05 sec dit is around 26 wpm dit = 0.05; dah = 3 * dit + doh * dit; VAR // OpenAL variables buffer : TALuint; source : TALuint; sourcepos: ARRAY [0..2] OF TALfloat= ( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ); sourcevel: ARRAY [0..2] OF TALfloat= ( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ); argv: ARRAY OF PalByte; format: TALEnum; size: TALSizei; freq: TALSizei; loop: TALInt; data: TALVoid; // rewinding has an effect on the output: // <with> and <without> sound rather different rewind: BOOLEAN = FALSE; // the high-res timer is from Wolfgang Ehrhardt // http://www.wolfgang-ehrhardt.de/misc_en.html t: THRTimer; msg: STRING = 'the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.'; PROCEDURE PlayS(s: Extended); BEGIN StartTimer(t); AlSourcePlay(source); WHILE readseconds(t) < s DO BEGIN END; IF rewind THEN AlSourceRewind(source); AlSourceStop(source); END; PROCEDURE Pause(s: Extended); BEGIN StartTimer(t); WHILE readseconds(t) < s DO BEGIN END; END; PROCEDURE doDit; BEGIN PlayS(dit); Pause(dit); END; PROCEDURE doDah; BEGIN PlayS(dah); Pause(dit); END; // ASCII char to Morse CW FUNCTION AtoM(ch: CHAR): STRING; VAR i: Integer; u: CHAR; BEGIN u := ch; IF ch IN ['a'..'z'] THEN u := chr(ord(ch) AND $5F); result := Morse[ord(u)]; FOR i := 1 TO Length(result) DO CASE result[i] OF '.': BEGIN doDit; Write('. ') END; '-': BEGIN doDah; Write('_ ') END; END; Pause(dah); Write(' '); IF u = ' ' THEN Write(' '); END; // ASCII string to Morse CW PROCEDURE StoM(s: STRING); VAR i: Integer; BEGIN FOR i := 1 TO Length(s) DO AtoM(s[i]); END; BEGIN // OpenAL preparation InitOpenAL; AlutInit(nil,argv); AlGenBuffers(1, @buffer); // load the 500 Hz 1 sec sine-wave file // get it from http://audiocheck.net AlutLoadWavFile('audiocheck.net_sin_500Hz_-3dBFS_1s.wav', format, data, size, freq, loop); AlBufferData(buffer, format, data, size, freq); AlutUnloadWav(format, data, size, freq); AlGenSources(1, @source); AlSourcei ( source, AL_BUFFER, buffer); AlSourcef ( source, AL_PITCH, 1.0 ); AlSourcef ( source, AL_GAIN, 1.0 ); AlSourcefv ( source, AL_POSITION, @sourcepos); AlSourcefv ( source, AL_VELOCITY, @sourcevel); AlSourcei ( source, AL_LOOPING, AL_TRUE); // Sound and print the Morse StoM(msg); Pause(1.0); AlSourceRewind(source); AlSourceStop(source); // Clean up AlDeleteBuffers(1, @buffer); AlDeleteSources(1, @source); AlutExit(); END. const Morse = dict(('A', '.-'), ('B', '-...'), ('C', '-.-.'), ('D', '-..'), ('E', string('.')), ('F', '..-.'), ('G', '--.'), ('H', '....'), ('I', '..'), ('J', '.---'), ('K', '-.-'), ('L', '.-..'), ('M', '--'), ('N', '-.'), ('O', '---'), ('P', '.--.'), ('Q', '--.-'), ('R', '.-.'), ('S', '...'), ('T', string('-')), ('U', '..-'), ('V', '...-'), ('W', '.--'), ('X', '-..-'), ('Y', '-.--'), ('Z', '--..'), ('0', '-----'), ('1', '.----'), ('2', '..---'), ('3', '...--'), ('4', '....-'), ('5', '.....'), ('6', '-....'), ('7', '--...'), ('8', '---..'), ('9', '----.'), ('.', '.-.-.-'), (',', '--..--'), ('?', '..--..'), ('\', '.----.'), ('!', '-.-.--'), ('/', '-..-.'), ('(', '-.--.'), (')', '-.--.-'), ('&', '.-...'), (':', '---...'), (';', '-.-.-.'), ('=', '-...-'), ('+', '.-.-.'), ('-', '-....-'), ('_', '..--.-'), ('''', '.-..-.'), ('$', '...-..-'), ('@', '.--.-.')); procedure SayMorse(s: string); begin foreach var c in s do begin foreach var c2 in Morse.get(c.ToUpper, '') do if c2 = '.' then console.Beep(1000, 250) else console.Beep(1000, 750); sleep(1000); end; end; begin SayMorse('SOS'); end. use Acme::AGMorse qw(SetMorseVals SendMorseMsg); SetMorseVals(20,30,400); SendMorseMsg('Hello World! abcdefg @\;'); # note, caps are ingnored in Morse Code exit; The above code requires:
Acme::AGMorse Audio::Beep Switch
Some known problems on UNIX:
1) pcspkr may not be available by default. Run: sudo modprobe pcspkr 2) pcspkr may be available but muted. - Check your sound prefrences,usually a right click over the speaker icon
With Baden-Powell menemonics.
You can run this online here.
-- -- demo\rosetta\Morse_code.exw -- =========================== -- with javascript_semantics include pGUI.e include builtins\beep.e Ihandle input, canvas, output, vbox, dlg cdCanvas cddbuffer, cdcanvas constant title = "Morse code", help_text = """ Enter a message to convert to morse code. Press Return to listen to the result. Characters A-Z are shown with Baden-Powell menemonics. (Note said are a memory aid, not perfectly readable.) Obviously deliberately looking away and listening would be the best way to use this as a learning aid. """ function show_help() IupMessage(title,help_text,bWrap:=false) IupSetFocus(input) return IUP_IGNORE -- (don't open the browser help!) end function constant morse_data = """ !-.-.--#".-..-.#$...-..-#&.-...#'.----.#(-.--.#)-.--.-#+.-.-.#,--..--#--....-#..-.-.-#/-..-.#=-...-# 0-----#1.----#2..---#3...--#4....-#5.....#6-....#7--...#8---..#9----.#:---...#;-.-.-.#?..--..#@.--.-.# A.-51517525#B-...7177414144444747#C-.-.7121121277271616#D-..717741414747#E.7474#F..-.7171111174247777# G--.712177271818#H....2121717127277777#I..51515757#J.---2121222558269668#K-.-742184854428#(-.--.# L.-..7171727677771717#M--45118155#N-.71362727#O---712182861216#P.--.8181612164247777#)-.--.-# Q--.-8286121677775818#R.-.717144261717#S...515154545757#T-7121#U..-818111117727#V...-8181111156567727# W.--818187534317#X-..-8154333365654518#Y-.--8163545433115558#Z--..7121762277771717#_..--.-# #""" sequence morse = repeat(``,255), -- the eg "..."'s bdnpwl = repeat({},255) -- Baden-Powell mnemonics procedure setMorse() -- I trust the characters and morse codes are all pretty evident in morse_data. -- Baden-Powell mnemonics are encoded as 4 points on a 9wx7h grid per dot/dash, -- counting (it just turned out that way) right to left and top to bottom, such -- that "9711" (=1197) is(/looks like) a forwardslash and "9117" a backslash. -- Each quite fiddly to set up - rather relieved there were only 26 of them! sequence data = split(substitute(morse_data,"\n",""),'#') for di in data do integer key = di[1] string bpm = trim_head(di[2..$],".- "), code = di[2..-length(bpm)-1] assert(length(bpm)=0 or length(bpm)=4*length(code)) morse[key] = code -- eg morse['S'] = "..." bdnpwl[key] = sq_sub('5',bpm) end for morse['['] = morse['('] morse[']'] = morse[')'] end procedure setMorse() function redraw_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/) string text = upper(IupGetAttribute(input,"VALUE")), outstr = "" integer {dw,dh} = IupGetIntInt(canvas, "DRAWSIZE"), {tw,th} = cdCanvasGetTextSize(cddbuffer,text) while tw>dw do if length(outstr) then outstr &= " " end if outstr &= morse[text[1]] text = text[2..$] {tw,th} = cdCanvasGetTextSize(cddbuffer,text) end while atom cw = tw/max(length(text),1), cx = dw/2, cy = dh/2 cdCanvasActivate(cddbuffer) cdCanvasSetBackground(cddbuffer, CD_LIGHT_PARCHMENT) cdCanvasClear(cddbuffer) cdCanvasSetForeground(cddbuffer, #BBADA0) cdCanvasText(cddbuffer, cx, cy, text) cx -= cw*(length(text)/2-0.5) cdCanvasSetForeground(cddbuffer, CD_BLUE) cdCanvasSetLineWidth(cddbuffer,3) {} = cdCanvasMarkSize(cddbuffer,3) atom gw = cw*0.75, gh = th*0.285 for ch in text do sequence bpm = bdnpwl[ch] if length(bpm) then for k=1 to length(bpm) by 4 do atom x1 = cx+gw*bpm[k+0]/8-1, y1 = cy+gh*bpm[k+1]/4-3, x2 = cx+gw*bpm[k+2]/8-1, y2 = cy+gh*bpm[k+3]/4-3 if x1=x2 and y1=y2 then cdCanvasMark(cddbuffer, x1, y1) else cdCanvasLine(cddbuffer, x1, y1, x2, y2) end if end for end if cx += cw if length(outstr) then outstr &= " " end if outstr &= morse[ch] end for cdCanvasFlush(cddbuffer) IupSetStrAttribute(output,"TITLE",outstr) return IUP_DEFAULT end function function map_cb(Ihandle ih) cdcanvas = cdCreateCanvas(CD_IUP, ih) cddbuffer = cdCreateCanvas(CD_DBUFFER, cdcanvas) -- cdCanvasFont(cddbuffer,"Courier",CD_PLAIN,24) cdCanvasFont(cddbuffer,"Courier",CD_PLAIN,48) cdCanvasSetTextAlignment(cddbuffer, CD_CENTER) return IUP_DEFAULT end function constant frequency = 1280, -- in Hz, 37..32767 wpm = 15, -- words per minute dit = 1200/wpm, -- in milliseconds dah = 3*dit, lettergap = 3*dit, wordgap = 7*dit function key_cb(Ihandle /*dlg*/, atom c) if c=K_ESC then return IUP_CLOSE end if -- (standard practice for me) if c=K_F5 then return IUP_DEFAULT end if -- (let browser reload work) if c=K_F1 then return show_help() end if if c=K_CR then string text = trim(upper(IupGetAttribute(input,"VALUE"))) sequence durations = {} for ch in text do if ch=' ' then durations &= wordgap else if length(durations) then durations &= lettergap end if string m = morse[ch] for i=1 to length(m) do if i>1 then durations &= dit end if durations &= iff(m[i]='.'?dit:dah) end for end if end for beep(frequency,durations,0.5) IupSetAttribute(input,"SELECTION","ALL") elsif find(c,"#") then beep() return IUP_IGNORE else IupUpdate(canvas) end if return IUP_CONTINUE end function IupOpen() input = IupText("EXPAND=HORIZONTAL") canvas = IupCanvas("RASTERSIZE=520x40") output = IupLabel("","EXPAND=HORIZONTAL") vbox = IupVbox({input,canvas,output}, "MARGIN=10x5, GAP=5") dlg = IupDialog(vbox,`TITLE="%s",MINSIZE=440x140`,{title}) IupSetCallback(dlg,"KEY_CB",Icallback("key_cb")) IupSetCallbacks(canvas, {"MAP_CB", Icallback("map_cb"), "ACTION", Icallback("redraw_cb")}) IupShow(dlg) IupSetAttribute(canvas, "RASTERSIZE", NULL) IupSetAttributeHandle(NULL,"PARENTDIALOG",dlg) if platform()!=JS then IupMainLoop() IupClose() end if
The following simply uses the 'beep' pc-speaker beeper utility.
# *Morse *Dit *Dah (balance '*Morse (mapcar '((L) (def (car L) (mapcar = (chop (cadr L)) '("." .)) ) ) (quote ("!" "---.") ("\"" ".-..-.") ("$" "...-..-") ("'" ".----.") ("(" "-.--.") (")" "-.--.-") ("+" ".-.-.") ("," "--..--") ("-" "-....-") ("." ".-.-.-") ("/" "-..-.") ("0" "-----") ("1" ".----") ("2" "..---") ("3" "...--") ("4" "....-") ("5" ".....") ("6" "-....") ("7" "--...") ("8" "---..") ("9" "----.") (":" "---...") (";" "-.-.-.") ("=" "-...-") ("?" "..--..") ("@" ".--.-.") ("A" ".-") ("B" "-...") ("C" "-.-.") ("D" "-..") ("E" ".") ("F" "..-.") ("G" "--.") ("H" "....") ("I" "..") ("J" ".---") ("K" "-.-") ("L" ".-..") ("M" "--") ("N" "-.") ("O" "---") ("P" ".--.") ("Q" "--.-") ("R" ".-.") ("S" "...") ("T" "-") ("U" "..-") ("V" "...-") ("W" ".--") ("X" "-..-") ("Y" "-.--") ("Z" "--..") ("[" "-.--.") ("]" "-.--.-") ("_" "..--.-") ) ) ) # Words per minute (de wpm (N) (setq *Dit (*/ 1200 N) *Dah (* 3 *Dit)) ) (wpm 20) # Morse a string (de morse (Str) (for C (chop Str) (cond ((sp? C) (wait (+ *Dah *Dit))) # White space: Pause ((idx '*Morse (uppc C)) # Known character (for Flg (val (car @)) (call "/usr/bin/beep" "-D" *Dit "-l" (if Flg *Dit *Dah)) ) ) (T (call "/usr/bin/beep" "-f" 370)) ) # Unkown character (wait (- *Dah *Dit)) ) ) (morse "Hello world!")/* Sound Morse code via the PC buzzer. June 2011 */ MORSE: procedure options (main); declare (i, j) fixed binary; declare buzz character (1) static initial ('07'x); declare text character (100) varying, c character (1); declare alphabet character (36) static initial ( 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'); declare morse_character character(5) varying; declare morse_codes(36) character(5) varying static initial ( /* Letters A-Z */ '.-', '-...', '-.-.', '-..', '.', '..-.', '--.', '....', '..', '.---', '-.-', '.-..', '--', '-.', '---', '--.-', '--.-', '.-.', '...', '-', '..-', '...-', '.--', '-..-', '-.--', '--..', /* Digits 0-9 */ '-----', '.----', '..---', '...--', '....-', '.....', '-....', '--...', '---..', '----.' ); put skip list ('Please type the text to be transmitted:'); get edit (text) (L); do i = 1 to length (text); c = substr(text, i, 1); j = index(alphabet, uppercase(c)); if j > 0 then do; morse_character = morse_codes(j); put skip list (morse_character); /* Display the Morse. */ call send_morse (morse_character); end; end; send_morse: procedure (morse_character); declare morse_character character(*) varying; declare i fixed binary; do i = 1 to length(morse_character); if substr(morse_character, 1, 1) = '-' then put skip edit (buzz, ' ', buzz) (a(1), A, skip, a(1)); else put skip edit (buzz, ' ') (a(1)); delay (1000); /* Delay one period. */ end; delay (1000); /* Making a delay of 2 periods after each English letter. */ end send_morse; END MORSE;As Pluto doesn't have any built-in audio support, we instead build a .wav file using the above module and then play it using a default external utility for the current platform.
local audio = require "audio" local char_to_morse = { ["!"] = "---.", ['"'] = ".-..-.", ["$"] = "...-..-", ["'"] = ".----.", ["("] = "-.--.", [")"] = "-.--.-", ["+"] = ".-.-.", [","] = "--..--", ["-"] = "-....-", ["."] = ".-.-.-", ["/"] = "-..-.", ["0"] = "-----", ["1"] = ".----", ["2"] = "..---", ["3"] = "...--", ["4"] = "....-", ["5"] = ".....", ["6"] = "-....", ["7"] = "--...", ["8"] = "---..", ["9"] = "----.", [":"] = "---...", [";"] = "-.-.-.", ["="] = "-...-", ["?"] = "..--..", ["@"] = ".--.-.", ["A"] = ".-", ["B"] = "-...", ["C"] = "-.-.", ["D"] = "-..", ["E"] = ".", ["F"] = "..-.", ["G"] = "--.", ["H"] = "....", ["I"] = "..", ["J"] = ".---", ["K"] = "-.-", ["L"] = ".-..", ["M"] = "--", ["N"] = "-.", ["O"] = "---", ["P"] = ".--.", ["Q"] = "--.-", ["R"] = ".-.", ["S"] = "...", ["T"] = "-", ["U"] = "..-", ["V"] = "...-", ["W"] = ".--", ["X"] = "-..-", ["Y"] = "-.--", ["Z"] = "--..", ["["] = "-.--.", ["]"] = "-.--.-", ["_"] = "..--.-" } local function text_to_morse(text) text = text:upper() local morse = "" for i = 1, #text do local c = text[i] if c == " " then morse ..= string.rep(" ", 7) else local m = char_to_morse[c] if m then morse ..= m:split(""):concat(" ") .. " " end end end return morse:rstrip() end local morse = text_to_morse("Hello world!") print(morse) -- print to terminal -- Now create a .wav file. morse = morse:replace("-", "...") -- replace 'dash' with 3 'dot's local data = {} local sample_rate = 44100 local samples = 0.2 * sample_rate -- number of samples assuming 'dot' takes 200 ms local freq = 500 -- say local omega = 2 * math.pi * freq for i = 1, #morse do local c = morse[i] if c == "." then for s = 0, samples -1 do local value = math.round(32 * math.sin(omega * s / sample_rate)) & 255 data:insert(value) end else for _ = 1, samples do data:insert(0) end end end local filepath = "morse_code.wav" audio.create(filepath, data, sample_rate) audio.play(filepath) This function is case insensitive, ignores all non-Morse characters and optionally displays the Morse code.
function Send-MorseCode { [CmdletBinding()] [OutputType([string])] Param ( [Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipeline=$true, Position=0)] [string] $Message, [switch] $ShowCode ) Begin { $morseCode = @{ a = ".-" ; b = "-..." ; c = "-.-." ; d = "-.." e = "." ; f = "..-." ; g = "--." ; h = "...." i = ".." ; j = ".---" ; k = "-.-" ; l = ".-.." m = "--" ; n = "-." ; o = "---" ; p = ".--." q = "--.-" ; r = ".-." ; s = "..." ; t = "-" u = "..-" ; v = "...-" ; w = ".--" ; x = "-..-" y = "-.--" ; z = "--.." ; 0 = "-----"; 1 = ".----" 2 = "..---"; 3 = "...--"; 4 = "....-"; 5 = "....." 6 = "-...."; 7 = "--..."; 8 = "---.."; 9 = "----." } } Process { foreach ($word in $Message) { $word.Split(" ",[StringSplitOptions]::RemoveEmptyEntries) | ForEach-Object { foreach ($char in $_.ToCharArray()) { if ($char -in $morseCode.Keys) { foreach ($code in ($morseCode."$char").ToCharArray()) { if ($code -eq ".") {$duration = 250} else {$duration = 750} [System.Console]::Beep(1000, $duration) Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 50 } if ($ShowCode) {Write-Host ("{0,-6}" -f ("{0,6}" -f $morseCode."$char")) -NoNewLine} } } if ($ShowCode) {Write-Host} } if ($ShowCode) {Write-Host} } } } Send-MorseCode -Message "S.O.S" -ShowCode - Output:
... --- ...
"S.O.S", "Goodbye, cruel world!" | Send-MorseCode -ShowCode - Output:
... --- ... --. --- --- -.. -... -.-- . -.-. .-. ..- . .-.. .-- --- .-. .-.. -..
Runs in SWI Prolog, Edinburgh syntax
% convert text to morse % query text2morse(Text, Morse) % where % Text is string to convert % Morse is Morse representation % There is a space between chars and double space between words % text2morse(Text, Morse) :- string_lower(Text, TextLower),% rules are in lower case string_chars(TextLower, Chars),% convert string into list of chars chars2morse(Chars, MorseChars),% convert each char into morse string_chars(MorsePlusSpace, MorseChars),% append returned string list into single string string_concat(Morse, ' ', MorsePlusSpace).% Remove trailing space chars2morse([], ""). chars2morse([H|CharTail], Morse) :- morse(H, M), chars2morse(CharTail, MorseTail), string_concat(M,' ', MorseSpace), string_concat(MorseSpace, MorseTail, Morse). % space morse(' ', " "). % letters morse('a', ".-"). morse('b', "-..."). morse('c', "-.-."). morse('d', "-.."). morse('e', "."). morse('f', "..-."). morse('g', "--."). morse('h', "...."). morse('i', ".."). morse('j', ".---"). morse('k', "-.-"). morse('l', ".-.."). morse('m', "--"). morse('n', "-."). morse('o', "---"). morse('p', ".--."). morse('q', "--.-"). morse('r', ".-."). morse('s', "..."). morse('t', "-"). morse('u', "..-"). morse('v', "...-"). morse('w', ".--"). morse('x', "-..-"). morse('y', "-.--"). morse('z', "--.."). % numbers morse('1', ".----"). morse('2', "..---"). morse('3', "...--"). morse('4', "....-"). morse('5', "....."). morse('6', "-...."). morse('7', "--..."). morse('8', "---.."). morse('9', "----."). morse('0', "-----"). % common punctuation morse('.', ".-.-.-"). morse(',', "--..--"). morse('/', "-..-."). morse('?', "..--.."). morse('=', "-...-"). morse('+', ".-.-."). morse('-', "-....-"). morse('@', ".--.-."). text2morse("Hello World", Morse). - Output:
Morse = ".... . .-.. .-.. --- .-- --- .-. .-.. -.."
#BaseTime =50 #Frequence=1250 #Short = #BaseTime #Long =3* #BaseTime #Intergap = #BaseTime #LetterGap=3* #BaseTime #WordGap =7* #BaseTime Declare.s TextToMorse(Text$) Declare.i PlayMorse(Text$) Text$ =InputRequester("Morse coder","Enter text to send","Hello RosettaWorld!") Text$ =TextToMorse(Text$) If Not (InitSound() And PlayMorse(Text$)) Text$=ReplaceString(Text$, ",","") MessageRequester("Morse EnCoded",Text$) EndIf ;- Procedure PlayMorse(Code$) ;- Beep() is normally only Ok on Windows_x86 CompilerIf #PB_Compiler_Processor=#PB_Processor_x86 And #PB_Compiler_OS=#PB_OS_Windows Protected i, sign For i=1 To Len(Code$) sign=Asc(Mid(Code$,i,1)) Select sign Case '.': Beep_(#Frequence,#Short): Delay(#Intergap) Case '-': Beep_(#Frequence,#Long) : Delay(#Intergap) Case ',': Delay(#LetterGap) Case ' ': Delay(#WordGap) EndSelect Next ProcedureReturn 1 CompilerElse ProcedureReturn 0 CompilerEndIf EndProcedure Procedure.s TextToMorse(InString$) Protected *p.Character=@InString$, CurrStr$, i=1 Protected.s s1, s2, result Repeat If Not *p\c: Break: EndIf CurrStr$=UCase(PeekS(*p,1)) *p+StringByteLength(">") Restore MorseCode Repeat Read.s s1 If s1="Done" s2+s1+" " ; failed to find this coding Break ElseIf Not s1=CurrStr$ Continue EndIf Read.s s2 result+s2 If s2<>" " result+"," EndIf ForEver ForEver ProcedureReturn result EndProcedure DataSection MorseCode: Data.s "A", ".-" Data.s "B", "-..." Data.s "C", "-.-." Data.s "D", "-.." Data.s "E", "." Data.s "F", "..-." Data.s "G", "--." Data.s "H", "...." Data.s "I", ".." Data.s "J", ".---" Data.s "K", "-.-" Data.s "L", ".-.." Data.s "M", "--" Data.s "N", "-." Data.s "O", "---" Data.s "P", ".--." Data.s "Q", "--.-" Data.s "R", ".-." Data.s "S", "..." Data.s "T", "-" Data.s "U", "..-" Data.s "V", "...-" Data.s "W", ".--" Data.s "X", "-..-" Data.s "Y", "-.--" Data.s "Z", "--.." Data.s "Á", "--.-" Data.s "Ä", ".-.-" Data.s "É", "..-.." Data.s "Ñ", "--.--" Data.s "Ö", "---." Data.s "Ü", "..--" Data.s "1", ".----" Data.s "2", "..---" Data.s "3", "...--" Data.s "4", "....-" Data.s "5", "....." Data.s "6", "-...." Data.s "7", "--..." Data.s "8", "---.." Data.s "9", "----." Data.s "0", "-----" Data.s ",", "--..--" Data.s ".", ".-.-.-" Data.s "?", "..--.." Data.s ";", "-.-.-" Data.s ":", "---..." Data.s "/", "-..-." Data.s "-", "-....-" Data.s "'", ".----." Data.s "+", ".-.-." Data.s "-", "-....-" Data.s #DOUBLEQUOTE$, ".-..-." Data.s "@", ".--.-." Data.s "(", "-.--." Data.s ")", "-.--.-" Data.s "_", "..--.-" Data.s "$", "...-..-" Data.s "&", ".-..." Data.s "=", "---..." Data.s " ", " " Data.s "Done","" EndOfMorseCode: EndDataSection import time, winsound #, sys char2morse = { "!": "---.", "\"": ".-..-.", "$": "...-..-", "'": ".----.", "(": "-.--.", ")": "-.--.-", "+": ".-.-.", ",": "--..--", "-": "-....-", ".": ".-.-.-", "/": "-..-.", "0": "-----", "1": ".----", "2": "..---", "3": "...--", "4": "....-", "5": ".....", "6": "-....", "7": "--...", "8": "---..", "9": "----.", ":": "---...", ";": "-.-.-.", "=": "-...-", "?": "..--..", "@": ".--.-.", "A": ".-", "B": "-...", "C": "-.-.", "D": "-..", "E": ".", "F": "..-.", "G": "--.", "H": "....", "I": "..", "J": ".---", "K": "-.-", "L": ".-..", "M": "--", "N": "-.", "O": "---", "P": ".--.", "Q": "--.-", "R": ".-.", "S": "...", "T": "-", "U": "..-", "V": "...-", "W": ".--", "X": "-..-", "Y": "-.--", "Z": "--..", "[": "-.--.", "]": "-.--.-", "_": "..--.-", } e = 50 # Element time in ms. one dit is on for e then off for e f = 1280 # Tone freq. in hertz chargap = 1 # Time between characters of a word, in units of e wordgap = 7 # Time between words, in units of e def gap(n=1): time.sleep(n * e / 1000) off = gap def on(n=1): winsound.Beep(f, n * e) def dit(): on(); off() def dah(): on(3); off() def bloop(n=3): winsound.Beep(f//2, n * e) def windowsmorse(text): for word in text.strip().upper().split(): for char in word: for element in char2morse.get(char, '?'): if element == '-': dah() elif element == '.': dit() else: bloop() gap(chargap) gap(wordgap) # Outputs its own source file as Morse. An audible quine! #with open(sys.argv[0], 'r') as thisfile: # windowsmorse(thisfile.read()) while True: windowsmorse(input('A string to change into morse: ')) Mac specific as Quackery sits on top of Python, which is not strong with cross-platform audio.
[ $ / import subprocess subprocess.run(["say", string_from_stack()]) / python ] is speak ( $ --> ) [ 3 times [ $ " " speak ] ] is pause ( --> ) [ [] swap witheach [ char - = iff [ $ "dash " join ] else [ $ "dot " join ] ] space join ] is dotdash ( $ --> $ ) [ table ] is letter ( n --> $ ) $ ".- -... -.-. -.. . ..-. --. .... .. .--- -.- .-.. -- -. --- .--. --.- .-. ... - ..- ...- .-- -..- -.-- --.." nest$ witheach [ dotdash ' letter put ] [ table ] is number ( n --> $ ) $ "----- .---- ..--- ...-- ....- ..... -.... --... ---.. ----." nest$ witheach [ dotdash ' number put ] [ witheach [ dup space = iff [ drop pause ] done dup char 0 char 9 1+ within iff [ char 0 - number speak ] done upper dup char A char Z 1+ within iff [ char A - letter speak ] done drop ] ] is morse ( $ --> )Using MIDI on Windows for the beeps.
#lang racket (require ffi/unsafe ffi/unsafe/define) (define-ffi-definer defmm (ffi-lib "Winmm")) (defmm midiOutOpen (_fun [h : (_ptr o _int32)] [_int = -1] [_pointer = #f] [_pointer = #f] [_int32 = 0] -> _void -> h)) (defmm midiOutShortMsg (_fun _int32 _int32 -> _void)) (define M (midiOutOpen)) (define (midi x y z) (midiOutShortMsg M (+ x (* 256 y) (* 65536 z)))) (define raw-codes '("a.-|b-...|c-.-.|d-..|e.|f..-.|g--.|h....|i..|j.---|k-.-|l.-..|m--|n-." "|o---|p--.-|q--.-|r.-.|s...|t-|u..-|v...-|w.--|x-..-|y-.--|z--..|1.----" "|2..---|3...--|4....-|5.....|6-....|7--...|8---..|9----.|0-----")) (define codes (for/list ([x (regexp-split #rx"\\|" (string-append* raw-codes))]) (cons (string-ref x 0) (substring x 1)))) (define (morse str [unit 0.1]) (define (sound len) (midi #x90 72 127) (sleep (* len unit)) (midi #x90 72 0) (sleep unit)) (define (play str) (midi #xC0 #x35 0) ; use a cute voice (for ([c str]) (case c [(#\.) (sound 1)] [(#\-) (sound 3)] [(#\ ) (sleep (* 3 unit))]))) (let* ([str (string-foldcase str)] [str (regexp-replace* #rx"[,:;]+" str " ")] [str (regexp-replace* #rx"[.!?]+" str ".")] [str (string-normalize-spaces str)]) (for ([s (string-split str)]) (define m (string-join (for/list ([c s]) (cond [(assq c codes) => cdr] [else (case c [(#\space) " "] [(#\.) " "] [else ""])])))) (printf "~a: ~a\n" s m) (play (string-append m " "))))) (morse "Say something here") (formerly Perl 6)
Here we use the user as the audio device. Just read the output, leaving extra pauses where indicated by either whitespace or underscore.
my %m = ' ', '_ _ ', |< ! ---. " .-..-. $ ...-..- ' .----. ( -.--. ) -.--.- + .-.-. , --..-- - -....- . .-.-.- / -..-. : ---... ; -.-.-. = -...- ? ..--.. @ .--.-. [ -.--. ] -.--.- _ ..--.- 0 ----- 1 .---- 2 ..--- 3 ...-- 4 ....- 5 ..... 6 -.... 7 --... 8 ---.. 9 ----. A .- B -... C -.-. D -.. E . F ..-. G --. H .... I .. J .--- K -.- L .-.. M -- N -. O --- P .--. Q --.- R .-. S ... T - U ..- V ...- W .-- X -..- Y -.-- Z --.. >.map: -> $c, $m is copy { $m.=subst(rx/'-'/, 'BGAAACK!!! ', :g); $m.=subst(rx/'.'/, 'buck ', :g); $c => $m ~ '_'; } say prompt("Gimme a string: ").uc.comb.map: { %m{$_} // "<scratch> " } Sample run:
Gimme a string: Howdy, World!
buck buck buck buck _ BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! _ buck BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! _ BGAAACK!!! buck buck _ BGAAACK!!! buck BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! _ BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! buck buck BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! _ _ _ buck BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! _ BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! _ buck BGAAACK!!! buck _ buck BGAAACK!!! buck buck _ BGAAACK!!! buck buck _ BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! BGAAACK!!! buck _
The code must be compiled, because it contains red system code that is needed for the winapi calls so use "red.exe -c morse.red " from command line to compile with red runtime.dll or "red.exe -r morse.red " to compile to single .exe file
each character will be printed with its corresponding code before played
Red [ file: %morse.red ;; filename, could be ommited ] ; ";" is character for comment, i use double ones for better readability DIT: 100 ;; constant : 100 ms for short Beep FREQ: 700 ;; frequency for Beep ;; exported code for red/system win api calls to Beep / Sleep: #include %api.reds ;; string with morse codes for alphabet: ;; ( caution, u must use "str: copy ..." if code ist to be executed multiple times ! ) str: "A.-B-...C-.-.D-..E.F..-.G--.H....I..J.---K-.-L.-..M--N-." append str "O---P.--.Q--.-R.-.S...T-U..-V...-W.--X-..-Y-.--Z--.." delim: charset [#"A" - #"Z"] ;; use of parse to generate "mc" morse code series / array containing codes for A - Z ;; use characters only as delimiter for each code mc: parse str [ thru "A" collect some [ keep copy result to [delim | end ] skip ] ] ;;-------------------------------------------- send-code: func ["function to play morse code for character " ;;-------------------------------------------- chr [char!] ;; character A .. Z ][ sleep 500 ;; short break so u can read the character first ind: to-integer chr - 64 ;; calculate index for morse array foreach sym mc/:ind [ ;; foreach symbol of code for character ... prin sym ;; prin(t) "." or "-" either sym = #"." [ ;; short beep beep FREQ DIT ][ beep FREQ 3 * DIT ;; or long beep = 3 x short ] sleep DIT ;; short break after each character ] ] ;;---------------------------------------------- morse-text: func ["extract valid characters from sentence" ;;---------------------------------------------- msg [string!] ][ foreach chr uppercase msg [ prin chr prin " " ;; print character ;; valid character A-Z ? either (chr >= #"A") and (chr <= #"Z") [ send-code chr ] [ ;; ... "else" word gap or unknown sleep 6 * DIT ;; pause after word ] prin newline ;; equal to : print """ ,( prin prints without crlf ) ] sleep 6 * DIT ;; pause after sentence ] ;;---------------------------------- morse-text "rosetta code" morse-text "hello world" Red/System [ file: %api.reds ;; filename, could be ommited ] ; --- lib import ----- ;; for winapi functions "Beep" and "Sleep" #system [ #import [ "kernel32.dll" stdcall [ wbeep: "Beep" [ frequ [integer!] dur [integer!] return: [integer!] ] wsleep: "Sleep" [ dur [integer!] ] ] ] ] beep: routine [ freq [integer!] duration [integer!] return: [integer!] ] [ wbeep freq duration ] sleep: routine [ duration [integer!] ] [ wsleep duration ] ;;---------------------------------------------- The $MORSE.REX REXX program is included here ──► $MORSE.REX.
This program supports the International Morse code as well as the USA Morse code (the later being primarily used by the North American Railroads).
Some translation is done for unsupported characters such as braces { }, brackets [ ] and the like.
This REXX program normally shows Morse code words one word to a line before sounding.
This REXX programs only works for Regina and PC/REXX, but other REXXes (specifically R4) will only display the Morse code, but not sound it.
output when using the input of: ( CQD --- indicates the vessel sending is in distress and requires immediate assistance.
-∙-∙ --∙- -∙∙ -∙∙∙∙- -∙∙∙∙- -∙∙∙∙- ∙∙ -∙ -∙∙ ∙∙ -∙-∙ ∙- - ∙ ∙∙∙ - ∙∙∙∙ ∙ ∙∙∙- ∙ ∙∙∙ ∙∙∙ ∙ ∙-∙∙ ∙∙∙ ∙ -∙ -∙∙ ∙∙ -∙ --∙ ∙∙ ∙∙∙ ∙∙ -∙ -∙∙ ∙∙ ∙∙∙ - ∙-∙ ∙ ∙∙∙ ∙∙∙ ∙- -∙ -∙∙ ∙-∙ ∙ --∙- ∙∙- ∙∙ ∙-∙ ∙ ∙∙∙ ∙∙ -- -- ∙ -∙∙ ∙∙ ∙- - ∙ ∙- ∙∙∙ ∙∙∙ ∙∙ ∙∙∙ - ∙- -∙ -∙-∙ ∙ ∙-∙-∙-
morsecode = [["a", ".-"], ["b", "-..."], ["c", "-.-."], ["d", "-.."], ["e", "."], ["f", "..-."], ["g", "--."], ["h", "...."], ["i", ".."], ["j", ".---"], ["k", "-.-"], ["l", ".-.."], ["m", "--"], ["n", "-."], ["o", "---"], ["p", ".--."], ["q", "--.-"], ["r", ".-."], ["s", "..."], ["t", "-"], ["u", "..-"], ["v", "...-"], ["w", ".--"], ["x", "-..-"], ["y", "-.--"], ["z", "--.."], ["0", "-----"], ["1", ".----"], ["2", "..---"], ["3", "...--"], ["4", "....-"], ["5", "....."], ["6", "-...."], ["7", "--..."], ["8", "---.."], ["9", "----."]] strmorse = "" str = "this is a test text" for n = 1 to len(str) pos = 0 for m = 1 to len(morsecode) if morsecode[m][1] = str[n] pos = m ok next if str[n] = " " strmorse = strmorse + " " else if pos > 0 strmorse = strmorse + morsecode[pos][2] + "|" ok ok next strmorse = left(strmorse,len(strmorse)-1) see strmorse + nlOutput:
-|....|..|...| ..|...| .-| -|.|...|-| -|.|-..-|-
We use here AWK's elegant way to store the Morse code.
≪ "A.-B-...C-.-.D-..E.F..-.G--.H....I..J.---K-.-L.-..M--N-.O---P.--.Q--.-R.-.S...T-U..-V...-W.--X-..-Y-.--Z--." 440 0.1 → morse freq beat ≪ -56 CF @ to be replaced by 51 SF on HP-28s 1 OVER SIZE FOR j morse OVER j DUP SUB IF POS THEN LAST WHILE 1 + ".-" morse 3 PICK DUP SUB POS REPEAT LAST beat * freq SWAP BEEP beat WAIT END DROP 3 ELSE 5 END beat * WAIT NEXT ≫ ≫ 'EMIT' STO
"SOS" EMIT (uses each_char)
require 'win32/sound' class MorseCode MORSE = { "!" => "---.", "\"" => ".-..-.", "$" => "...-..-", "'" => ".----.", "(" => "-.--.", ")" => "-.--.-", "+" => ".-.-.", "," => "--..--", "-" => "-....-", "." => ".-.-.-", "/" => "-..-.", "0" => "-----", "1" => ".----", "2" => "..---", "3" => "...--", "4" => "....-", "5" => ".....", "6" => "-....", "7" => "--...", "8" => "---..", "9" => "----.", ":" => "---...", ";" => "-.-.-.", "=" => "-...-", "?" => "..--..", "@" => ".--.-.", "A" => ".-", "B" => "-...", "C" => "-.-.", "D" => "-..", "E" => ".", "F" => "..-.", "G" => "--.", "H" => "....", "I" => "..", "J" => ".---", "K" => "-.-", "L" => ".-..", "M" => "--", "N" => "-.", "O" => "---", "P" => ".--.", "Q" => "--.-", "R" => ".-.", "S" => "...", "T" => "-", "U" => "..-", "V" => "...-", "W" => ".--", "X" => "-..-", "Y" => "-.--", "Z" => "--..", "[" => "-.--.", "]" => "-.--.-", "_" => "..--.-", } T_UNIT = 75 # ms FREQ = 700 DIT = 1 * T_UNIT DAH = 3 * T_UNIT CHARGAP = 1 * T_UNIT WORDGAP = 7 * T_UNIT def initialize(string) @message = string puts "your message is #{string.inspect}" end def send @message.strip.upcase.split.each do |word| word.each_char do |char| send_char char pause CHARGAP print " " end pause WORDGAP puts "" end end private def send_char(char) MORSE[char].each_char do |code| case code when '.' then beep DIT when '-' then beep DAH end pause CHARGAP print code end end def beep(ms) ::Win32::Sound.beep(FREQ, ms) end def pause(ms) sleep(ms.to_f/1000.0) end end MorseCode.new('sos').send MorseCode.new('this is a test.').send - Output:
your message is "sos" ... --- ... your message is "this is a test." - .... .. ... .. ... .- - . ... - .-.-.-
Original code can be found on GitHub.
morse_code/src/main.rs file:
//! //! morse_code/src/main.rs //! //! Michael G. Cummings //! 2019-08-26 //! //! Since Rust doesn't have build-in audio support text output is used. //! use std::process; use structopt::StructOpt; use morse_code::{Config, Opt, run}; /// Core of the command-line binary. /// /// By default expects input from stdin and outputs resulting morse code to stdout, but can also /// read and/or write to files. /// Use `morse_code --help` for more information about options. fn main() { let opts = Opt::from_args(); let mut config = Config::new(opts).unwrap_or_else(|err| { eprintln!("Problem parsing arguments: {}", err); process::exit(1); }); if let Err(err) = run(&mut config) { eprintln!("Application error: {}", err); process::exit(2); } } morse_code/src/lib.rs file:
//! //! morse_code/src/lib.rs //! //! Michael G. Cummings //! 2019-08-26 //! #[macro_use] extern crate structopt; use std::{fs, io}; use std::collections::HashMap; use std::error::Error; use std::path::PathBuf; /// Main library function that does the actual work. /// /// Each character has one space between them and there are two spaces between words. /// Unknown characters in the input are replaced with a '#' in the output. /// pub fn run(config: &mut Config) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> { let mut contents = String::new(); config.read.read_to_string(&mut contents)?; let morse_map = init_code_map(); let mut result = String::new(); for char in contents.trim().to_uppercase().chars() { match morse_map.get(&char) { Some(hash) => { result = result + *hash; } None => { result = result + "#" } } result = result + " "; } config.write.write(result.as_ref())?; Ok(()) } /// Configuration structure for the input and output streams. #[derive(Debug)] pub struct Config { read: Box<dyn io::Read>, write: Box<dyn io::Write>, } impl Config { pub fn new(opts: Opt) -> Result<Config, &'static str> { let input: Box<dyn io::Read> = match opts.input { Some(p) => Box::new(fs::File::open(p).unwrap()), None => Box::new(io::stdin()), }; let output: Box<dyn io::Write> = match opts.output { Some(p) => Box::new(fs::File::create(p).unwrap()), None => Box::new(io::stdout()), }; Ok(Config { read: input, write: output }) } } /// Structure used to hold command line opts(parameters) of binary. /// /// Using StructOpt crate to parse command-line parameters/options. /// #[derive(Debug, StructOpt)] #[structopt(rename_all = "kebab-case", raw(setting = "structopt::clap::AppSettings::ColoredHelp"))] pub struct Opt { /// Input file, stdin if not present #[structopt(short, long, parse(from_os_str))] input: Option<PathBuf>, /// Output file, stdout if not present #[structopt(short, long, parse(from_os_str))] output: Option<PathBuf>, } /// Initialize hash map of characters to morse code as string. pub fn init_code_map() -> HashMap<char, &'static str> { let mut morse_map: HashMap<char, &str> = HashMap::with_capacity(37); morse_map.insert(' ', " "); morse_map.insert('A', "._"); morse_map.insert('B', "_..."); morse_map.insert('C', "_._."); morse_map.insert('D', "_.."); morse_map.insert('E', "."); morse_map.insert('F', ".._."); morse_map.insert('G', "__."); morse_map.insert('H', "...."); morse_map.insert('I', ".."); morse_map.insert('J', ".___"); morse_map.insert('K', "_._"); morse_map.insert('L', "._.."); morse_map.insert('M', "__"); morse_map.insert('N', "_."); morse_map.insert('O', "___"); morse_map.insert('P', ".__."); morse_map.insert('Q', "__._"); morse_map.insert('R', "._."); morse_map.insert('S', "..."); morse_map.insert('T', "_"); morse_map.insert('U', ".._"); morse_map.insert('V', "..._"); morse_map.insert('W', ".__"); morse_map.insert('X', "_.._"); morse_map.insert('Y', "_.__"); morse_map.insert('Z', "__.."); morse_map.insert('1', ".____"); morse_map.insert('2', "..___"); morse_map.insert('3', "...__"); morse_map.insert('4', "...._"); morse_map.insert('5', "....."); morse_map.insert('6', "_...."); morse_map.insert('7', "__..."); morse_map.insert('8', "___.."); morse_map.insert('9', "____."); morse_map.insert('0', "_____"); morse_map } - Output:
Best seen running in your browser either by ScalaFiddle (ES aka JavaScript, non JVM) or Scastie (remote JVM).
object MorseCode extends App { private val code = Map( ('A', ".- "), ('B', "-... "), ('C', "-.-. "), ('D', "-.. "), ('E', ". "), ('F', "..-. "), ('G', "--. "), ('H', ".... "), ('I', ".. "), ('J', ".--- "), ('K', "-.- "), ('L', ".-.. "), ('M', "-- "), ('N', "-. "), ('O', "--- "), ('P', ".--. "), ('Q', "--.- "), ('R', ".-. "), ('S', "... "), ('T', "- "), ('U', "..- "), ('V', "...- "), ('W', ".- - "), ('X', "-..- "), ('Y', "-.-- "), ('Z', "--.. "), ('0', "----- "), ('1', ".---- "), ('2', "..--- "), ('3', "...-- "), ('4', "....- "), ('5', "..... "), ('6', "-.... "), ('7', "--... "), ('8', "---.. "), ('9', "----. "), ('\'', ".----."), (':', "---... "), (',', "--..-- "), ('-', "-....- "), ('(', "-.--.- "), ('.', ".-.-.- "), ('?', "..--.. "), (';', "-.-.-. "), ('/', "-..-. "), ('-', "..--.- "), (')', "---.. "), ('=', "-...- "), ('@', ".--.-. "), ('"', ".-..-. "), ('+', ".-.-. "), (' ', "/")) // cheat a little private def printMorse(input: String): Unit = { println(input) println(input.trim.replaceAll("[ ]+", " ").toUpperCase .map(code.getOrElse(_, "").trim).mkString(" ")) } printMorse("sos") printMorse(" Hello World!") printMorse("Rosetta Code") } Translation of AWK:
#!/bin/sed -rf # Convert to uppercase s/.*/\U&/ # Add lookup table s/$/\nA.-B-...C-.-.D-..E.F..-.G--.H....I..J.---K-.-L.-..M--N-.O---P.--.Q--.-R.-.S...T-U..-V...-W.--X-..-Y-.--Z--../ # Main loop :a s/([A-Z])([^\n]*\n.*\1([-.]+))/\3 \2/ ta # Remove lookup table s/\n.*// Example:
$ echo hello world! | ./morse.sed .... . .-.. .-.. --- .-- --- .-. .-.. -.. ! # This uses the GUI-free part of the Snack library package require sound # A simple pause while running the event loop, in terms of basic time units proc pause n { global t after [expr {$t * $n}] set ok 1 vwait ok } # Generate using a sine-wave filter proc beep n { global frequency set f [snack::filter generator $frequency 30000 0.0 sine -1] set s [snack::sound -rate 22050] $s play -filter $f pause $n $s stop $s destroy $f destroy pause 1 } # The dits and the dahs are just beeps of different lengths interp alias {} dit {} beep 1 interp alias {} dah {} beep 3 set MORSE_CODE {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} # The code to translate text to morse code and play it proc morse {str wpm} { global t MORSE_CODE set t [expr {1200 / $wpm}] # Backslash and space are special cases in various ways set map {"\\" {} " " {[pause 4]}} # Append each item in the code to the map, with an inter-letter pause after foreach {from to} $MORSE_CODE {lappend map $from "$to\[pause 3\]"} # Convert to dots and dashes set s [string map $map [string toupper $str]] # Play the dots and dashes by substituting commands for them subst [string map {"." [dit] "-" [dah]} $s] return } # We'll play at a fairly high pitch set frequency 700 morse "Morse code with Tcl and Snack." 20 $$ MODE TUSCRIPT MODE DATA $$ BUILD X_TABLE alfabet2moco =* "!"---."\".-..-."$"...-..-"'".----." "("-.--.")"-.--.-"+".-.-.","--..--" "-"-....-".".-.-.-"/"-..-." "0"-----"1".----"2"..---"3"...--" "4"....-"5"....."6"-...."7"--..." "8"---.."9"----." ":"---...";"-.-.-."="-...-"?"..--.." "@".--.-." "A".-"B"-..."C"-.-."D"-.." "E"."F"..-."G"--."H"...." "I".."J".---"K"-.-"L".-.." "M"--"N"-."O"---"P".--." "Q"--.-"R".-."S"..."T"-" "U"..-"V"...-"W".--"X"-..-" "Y"-.--"Z"--.." "["-.--."]"-.--.-"_"..--.-" $$ BUILD X_TABLE moco2sound =* " "p2 " "-"a4 " "."a2 " $$ BUILD X_TABLE space2split=": :':" $$ MODE TUSCRIPT ASK "Please enter your sentence": mc="" PRINT "SEE your morsecode !" mc=EXCHANGE (mc,alfabet2moco) PRINT mc PRINT "HEAR your morsecode !" mc=EXCHANGE (mc,moco2sound) mc=EXCHANGE (mc,space2split) BEEP $mc- Output:
Please enter your sentence >Hello World SEE your morsecode ! ......-...-..--- .-----.-..-..-.. HEAR your morsecode !
- Output:
Please enter your sentence >SOS SEE your morsecode ! ...---... HEAR your morsecode !
decl ursa.util.sound snd decl string<> chars decl string<> morse append "!" "\"" "$" "'" "(" ")" "+" chars append "---." ".-..-." "...-..-" ".----." "-.--." "-.--.-" ".-.-." morse append "," "-" "." "/" "0" "1" "2" chars append "--..--" "-....-" ".-.-.-" "-..-." "-----" ".----" "..---" morse append "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" chars append "...--" "....-" "....." "-...." "--..." "---.." "----." morse append ":" ";" "=" "?" "@" "A" "B" chars append "---..." "-.-.-." "-...-" "..--.." ".--.-." ".-" "-..." morse append "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" chars append "-.-." "-." "." "..-." "--." "...." ".." ".---" "-.-" morse append "L" "M" "N" "O" "P" "Q" "R" "S" "T" "U" chars append ".-.." "--" "-." "---" ".--." "--.-" ".-." "..." "-" "..-" morse append "V" "W" "X" "Y" "Z" "[" "]" "_" chars append "...-" ".--" "-..-" "-.--" "--.." "-.--." "-.--.-" "..--.-" morse decl int e f chargap wordgap # element time in ms. one dot is on for e then off for e set e 50 # tone frequency in hertz set f 1280 # time between characters of a word (in units of e) set chargap 1 # time between words (in units of e) set wordgap 7 def gap (int n) sleep (* n e) end gap decl function off set off gap def on (int n) snd.beep f (/ (* n e) 1000) end on def dot () on 1 off 1 end dot def dash () on 3 off 1 end dash def bloop (int n) snd.beep (/ f 2) (/ (* n e) 1000) end bloop def encode_morse (string text) decl string<> words set words (split (upper (trim text)) " ") decl int i j k for () (< i (size words)) (inc i) for (set j 0) (< j (size words<i>)) (inc j) decl int loc set loc (locate words<i><j> chars) if (= loc -1) bloop 3 else for (set k 0) (< k (size morse<loc>)) (inc k) if (= morse<loc><k> "-") dash elif (= morse<loc><k> ".") dot else bloop 3 end if end for end if gap chargap end for gap wordgap end for end encode_morse # --- uncomment this block to output the source of this file as morse # decl file src # src.open args<0> # encode_morse (src.readall) while true out "A string to change into morse: " console encode_morse (in string console) end whileOption Explicit Private Declare Function Beep Lib "kernel32" (ByVal dwFreq As Long, ByVal dwDuration As Long) As Long Private Declare Sub Sleep Lib "kernel32" (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long) Private Const MORSE_ALPHA As String = ".-,-...,-.-.,-..,.,..-.,--.,....,..,.---,-.-,.-..,--,-.,---,.--.,--.-,.-.,...,-,..-,...-,.--,-..-,-.--,--.." Private Const MORSE_NUMERIC As String = "-----,.----,..---,...--,....-,.....,-....,--...,---..,----." Private Const ONE_UNIT As Integer = 100 Private Const BEEP_DOT As Integer = ONE_UNIT Private Const BEEP_DASH As Integer = 3 * ONE_UNIT Private Const BEEP_OTHER As Integer = 7 * ONE_UNIT Private Const DELAY As Integer = ONE_UNIT Private Const LETTERS_DELAY As Integer = 3 * ONE_UNIT Private Const SPACE_DELAY As Integer = 7 * ONE_UNIT Private Const FREQUENCY_CHARS As Integer = 1200 Private Const FREQUENCY_OTHERCHARS As Integer = 400 Sub Main() Dim p$, temp$ p = ToMorse("Hel/lo 123 world") temp = Replace(p, "+", "") Debug.Print Replace(temp, "_", "") PlayMorse p End Sub Private Function ToMorse(s As String) As String Dim i&, t$, j& s = UCase(s) For i = 1 To Len(s) j = Asc(Mid(s, i, 1)) Select Case j Case 65 To 90 'alpha t = t & Split(MORSE_ALPHA, ",")(j - 65) & "+" ' "+" ==> separate each characters Case 48 To 57 'numerics t = t & Split(MORSE_NUMERIC, ",")(j - 48) & "+" Case 32 'space t = t & " " & "+" Case Else 'others t = t & "_" & "+" End Select Next i ToMorse = t End Function Private Sub PlayMorse(s As String) Dim i& For i = 1 To Len(s) Select Case Mid(s, i, 1) Case ".": Beep FREQUENCY_CHARS, BEEP_DOT Case "-": Beep FREQUENCY_CHARS, BEEP_DASH Case "_": Beep FREQUENCY_OTHERCHARS, BEEP_OTHER Case "+": Sleep LETTERS_DELAY Case " ": Sleep SPACE_DELAY End Select Sleep DELAY Next i End Sub - Output:
Play the sound's morse and display :
......-...-..--- .----..---...-- .-----.-..-..-..
The #VBA example works in VB6 as well, without any change.
Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim word = "sos" Dim codes As New Dictionary(Of String, String) From { {"a", ".- "}, {"b", "-... "}, {"c", "-.-. "}, {"d", "-.. "}, {"e", ". "}, {"f", "..-. "}, {"g", "--. "}, {"h", ".... "}, {"i", ".. "}, {"j", ".--- "}, {"k", "-.- "}, {"l", ".-.. "}, {"m", "-- "}, {"n", "-. "}, {"o", "--- "}, {"p", ".--. "}, {"q", "--.- "}, {"r", ".-. "}, {"s", "... "}, {"t", "- "}, {"u", "..- "}, {"v", "...- "}, {"w", ".-- "}, {"x", "-..- "}, {"y", "-.-- "}, {"z", "--.. "}, {"0", "-----"}, {"1", ".----"}, {"2", "..---"}, {"3", "...--"}, {"4", "....-"}, {"5", "....."}, {"6", "-...."}, {"7", "--..."}, {"8", "---.."}, {"9", "----."} } For Each c In word.ToCharArray Dim rslt = codes(c).Trim For Each c2 In rslt.ToCharArray If c2 = "." Then Console.Beep(1000, 250) Else Console.Beep(1000, 750) End If System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(50) Next Next End Sub End Module const morse_code = [["a", ".-"], ["b", "-..."], ["c", "-.-."], ["d", "-.."], ["e", "."], ["f", "..-."], ["g", "--."], ["h", "...."], ["i", ".."], ["j", ".---"], ["k", "-.-"], ["l", ".-.."], ["m", "--"], ["n", "-."], ["o", "---"], ["p", ".--."], ["q", "--.-"], ["r", ".-."], ["s", "..."], ["t", "-"], ["u", "..-"], ["v", "...-"], ["w", ".--"], ["x", "-..-"], ["y", "-.--"], ["z", "--.."], ["0", "-----"], ["1", ".----"], ["2", "..---"], ["3", "...--"], ["4", "....-"], ["5", "....."], ["6", "-...."], ["7", "--..."], ["8", "---.."], ["9", "----."]] fn main() { str := "this is a test text" mut strmorse := "" for n, _ in str { if str[n].ascii_str() ==" " {strmorse += " "} for m, _ in morse_code { if morse_code[m][0] == str[n].ascii_str() {strmorse += morse_code[m][1] + "|"} } } println(strmorse.all_before_last("|")) } - Output:
-|....|..|...| ..|...| .-| -|.|...|-| -|.|-..-|-
As Wren-cli doesn't have any built-in audio support, we instead build a .wav file which can then be played using a utility such as rhythmbox or SoX, having first printed the morse code to the terminal for comparison.
Any characters which do not appear in the Morse alphabet are simply ignored.
import "./str" for Str import "./sound" for Wav var charToMorse = { "!": "---.", "\"": ".-..-.", "$": "...-..-", "'": ".----.", "(": "-.--.", ")": "-.--.-", "+": ".-.-.", ",": "--..--", "-": "-....-", ".": ".-.-.-", "/": "-..-.", "0": "-----", "1": ".----", "2": "..---", "3": "...--", "4": "....-", "5": ".....", "6": "-....", "7": "--...", "8": "---..", "9": "----.", ":": "---...", ";": "-.-.-.", "=": "-...-", "?": "..--..", "@": ".--.-.", "A": ".-", "B": "-...", "C": "-.-.", "D": "-..", "E": ".", "F": "..-.", "G": "--.", "H": "....", "I": "..", "J": ".---", "K": "-.-", "L": ".-..", "M": "--", "N": "-.", "O": "---", "P": ".--.", "Q": "--.-", "R": ".-.", "S": "...", "T": "-", "U": "..-", "V": "...-", "W": ".--", "X": "-..-", "Y": "-.--", "Z": "--..", "[": "-.--.", "]": "-.--.-", "_": "..--.-" } var textToMorse = Fn.new { |text| text = Str.upper(text) var morse = "" for (c in text) { if (c == " ") { morse = morse + (" " * 7) } else { var m = charToMorse[c] if (m) morse = morse + m.join(" ") + " " } } return morse.trimEnd() } var morse = textToMorse.call("Hello world!") System.print(morse) // print to terminal // now create a .wav file morse = morse.replace("-", "...") // replace 'dash' with 3 'dot's var data = [] var sampleRate = 44100 var samples = 0.2 * sampleRate // number of samples assuming 'dot' takes 200 ms. var freq = 500 // say var omega = 2 * Num.pi * freq for (c in morse) { if (c == ".") { for (s in 0...samples) { var value = (32 * (omega * s / sampleRate).sin).round & 255 data.add(value) } } else { for (s in 0...samples) data.add(0) } } Wav.create("morse_code.wav", data, sampleRate) - Output:
. . . . . . - . . . - . . - - - . - - - - - . - . . - . . - . . - - - .
It's also possible to play .wav files which (preferably) have a sample rate of 44.1 kHz using DOME:
import "audio" for AudioEngine class Main { construct new() {} init() { AudioEngine.load("morse", "morse_code.wav") AudioEngine.play("morse") } update() {} draw(alpha) {} } var Game = Main.new() This uses the Sound intrinsic, which has a minimum duration of one system tick (about 1/18th of a second) for a dit (.). The result is Morse code sent at about 20 words per minute. The Sound intrinsic also provides the delay for sound gaps when its volume parameter is set to zero.
code ChOut=8, CrLf=9, Sound=39; string 0; \use zero-terminated strings proc Morse(Msg); \Output Msg string as audible International Morse code char Msg; char C, D; int Code, Vol; [Code:= [" ", \space ".-.-..",".-..-.", " ", "...-..-"," ", \!"#$% "----.", ".----.", "-.--.-", "---..", " ", \&'()* ".-.-.", "--..--", "-....-", ".-.-.-", "-..-.", \+,-./ "-----", ".----", "..---", "...--", "....-", \01234 ".....", "-....", "--...", "---..", "----.", \56789 "---...","-.-.-.", " ", "-...-", " ", \:;<=> "..--..",".--.-.", \?@ ".-", "-...", "-.-.", "-..", ".", \ABCDE "..-.", "--.", "....", "..", ".---", \FGHIJ "-.-", ".-..", "--", "-.", "---", \KLMNO ".--.", "--.-", ".-.", "...", "-", \PQRST "..-", "...-", ".--", "-..-", "-.--", \UVWXY "--.."]; \Z Sound(0, 1, 1); \sync, for consistent durations repeat C:= Msg(0); Msg:= Msg+1; \get character from message ChOut(0, C); \show the character if C>=^a & C<=^z then C:= C-$20; \convert letters to uppercase Vol:= 1; \assume volume is on (not space) if C>=$21 & C<=^Z then D:= Code(C-$20) \convert characters to code else [D:= Code(0); Vol:= 0]; \space (or unsupported char) repeat Sound(Vol, if D(0)=^- then 3 else 1, 1190000/600); \600 Hz Sound(0, 1, 1); \gap between . and - ChOut(0, D(0)); \show dots and dashes D:= D+1; \next dot or dash for character until D(0) = 0; \string terminator Sound(0, 2, 1); \gap between letters (2+1=3) ChOut(0, ^ ); \show gap until Msg(0) = 0; \string terminator ]; [Morse("SOS SOS SOS "); \something easy to recognize CrLf(0); Morse("Hello, world!"); ]- Output:
S... O--- S... S... O--- S... S... O--- S... H.... e. l.-.. l.-.. o--- ,--..-- w.-- o--- r.-. l.-.. d-.. !.-.-..
Mixin classic/modern style. In Yabasic, line number is not mandatory.
10 REM Morse code 20 DIM c$(54) 30 FOR f = 1 TO 54 40 READ l$, m$ 50 LET d$ = d$ + l$ : LET c$(f) = m$ 60 NEXT f 100 LINE INPUT "Message? " t$ 105 t$ = upper$(t$) 110 FOR f = 1 TO LEN(t$) 120 p = INSTR(d$, mid$(t$, f, 1)) 130 IF p > 0 then PRINT c$(p); else print "?"; end if 140 NEXT f print goto 100 1000 DATA "A","._","B","_...","C","_._.","D","_..","E",".","F",".._." 1010 DATA "G","__.","H","....","I","..","J",".___","K","_._","L","._.." 1020 DATA "M","__","N","_.","O","___","P",".__.","Q","__._","R","._." 1030 DATA "S","...","T","_","U",".._","V","..._","W",".__","X","_.._" 1040 DATA "Y","_.__","Z","__..","1",".____","2","..___","3","...__" 1050 DATA "4","...._","5",".....","6","_....","7","__...","8","___.." 1060 DATA "9","____.","0","_____",".","._._._",",","__..__","?","..__.." 1070 DATA "'",".____.","!","_._.__","/","_.._.","(","_.__.",")","_.__._" 1080 DATA "&","._...",":","___...",";","_._._.","=","_..._","+","._._.","-","_...._" 1090 DATA "_","..__._","\"","._.._.","$","..._.._","@",".__._."