Summary of the new feature

NOTE: I do believe this rule isn't relevant for v7.5+ but a lot of us are unfortunately stuck on v5.1.

As a code reviewer, I want developers to be warned about using += to build collections so that I don't have to repeatedly explain why their scripts have poor performance and can focus on reviewing logic instead of catching inefficient patterns.

Problem Statement:
Using += to build arrays and collections in PowerShell is a common performance anti-pattern. Each += operation creates an entirely new array and copies all existing elements, resulting in O(n²) complexity for building collections. This can cause significant performance degradation, especially with large datasets.

For example, adding 10,000 items to an array using += performs ~50 million copy operations, while using proper collection types performs only 10,000 add operations.

Proposed technical implementation details

Rule Name: PSAvoidUsingPlusEqualsOnCollections

Severity: Warning

Behavior:

• Skip if using PowerShell v7.5+
• Flag usage of += operator when the left-hand side is a collection, array, or string.
• Suggest more efficient alternatives based on the context

Recommended alternatives to suggest:

• Microsoft's documentation has a good start to this:
• • Array Addition
• • String Addition

Example violations:

# Building array with += - Flagged $results = @() foreach ($item in $data) { $results += $item } # Building collection in loop - Flagged $numbers = @() for ($i = 1; $i -le 1000; $i++) { $numbers += $i } # Adding to existing array - Flagged $existingArray += $newItem # Adding to IDictionaries $hashtable = @{} for ($i = 1; $i -le 1000; $i++) { $hashtable += @{$i = $i } }

Should NOT be flagged:

# Numeric operations $sum += $number

Technical Implementation:

• I plan on implementing this rule if approved.
• From my testing, the rule will inherit AstVisitor and visit VisitAssignmentStatement.
• Left-hand assignment's type can be retrieved via Helper.Instance.GetTypeFromAnalysis()
• If not found, analyze where the variable was initialized and go from there. From my testing, analyzing the right-hand side ExpressionAsts' helped determine said type if GetTypeFromAnalysis was unreliable.
• Provide context-appropriate suggestions based on the use case

Configuration Options (up for discussion):

• Add type exclusion (e.g., String)?

What is the latest version of PSScriptAnalyzer at the point of writing

1.24.0