2022年海运运费持续高位：港口拥堵与集装箱短缺的应对策略
2022年海运运费持续高位：港口拥堵与集装箱短缺的应对策略
Shipping Costs Remain High in 2022: Strategies to Address Port Congestion and Container Shortages
图片来源：图虫创意
Image Source: Tuchong Creative
新冠病毒变种Omicron的爆发加剧了世界各地的交通拥堵，影响了主要港口的吞吐能力。根据太平洋海事协会(Pacific Maritime Association)数据，2022年1月约有800名码头工人（约占洛杉矶和长滩港口日常劳动力的十分之一）因疫情相关原因而无法上班。
The outbreak of the Omicron variant has exacerbated traffic congestion worldwide, impacting the throughput capacity of major ports. According to the Pacific Maritime Association, around 800 dockworkers (about one-tenth of the daily workforce at the Los Angeles and Long Beach ports) were unable to work in January 2022 due to COVID-related reasons.
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跨太平洋海岸线等待洛杉矶和长滩港泊位的集装箱船日益增多，高峰期甚至超过百艘。在疫情之前，从亚洲到北美通常只需要两周航程的船只，现在由于拥堵延误却占用了巨大的运力，有些航程船舶的靠泊时间超过了45天。
The number of container ships waiting for berths at the Los Angeles and Long Beach ports along the trans-Pacific route continues to rise, peaking at over 100 vessels. Before the pandemic, ships from Asia to North America typically took two weeks, but now due to congestion delays, some vessels are taking over 45 days to dock.
海运运力竞争激烈，2022年海运运价走势如何？企业该如何应对？
With fierce competition in shipping capacity, what will be the trend of shipping rates in 2022? How should businesses respond?
一、2022年运费将持续保持高位
1. Shipping Rates Will Remain High in 2022
DHL货运业务负责人在近日接受采访时表示，预计今年货运成本不会下降，并建议客户签订两到三年的合同，以对冲未来的价格上涨。
The head of DHL's freight business recently stated in an interview that freight costs are not expected to decline this year and advised customers to sign two-to-three-year contracts to hedge against future price increases.
2022年海运运价持续保持高位的原因，主要有以下几点：
The main reasons for persistently high shipping rates in 2022 include:
1、海运集装箱短缺
1. Shortage of Shipping Containers
在世界各地因疫情而进入封锁期后，中国重新开放的速度超过了美国和欧洲。然而，中国运送成品所需的集装箱仍被困在这两个地区，这导致了海运集装箱的短缺。
After lockdowns due to the pandemic worldwide, China reopened faster than the U.S. and Europe. However, containers needed for shipping Chinese goods remain stuck in these two regions, leading to a shortage of shipping containers.
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2、疫情及相关封锁政策导致港口拥堵
2. Pandemic and Lockdown Policies Cause Port Congestion
国外不少港口设施的卸货能力有限，卸货需求一旦旺盛，货物到港后就会压港。现在相较疫情前货物停留时间要延长至少15天以上，每天都会产生成本。
Many foreign ports have limited unloading capacity. When demand surges, goods pile up at ports. Compared to pre-pandemic times, cargo dwell times have increased by at least 15 days, incurring daily costs.
3、海运缺乏替代品
3. Lack of Alternatives to Sea Freight
在国际货代运输中，海上运输具有运量大、运费低、对货物适应性强的明显优势。目前我国约95%的国际贸易货物量是通过海运完成的。
In international freight forwarding, sea freight offers significant advantages in volume, cost, and cargo adaptability. Currently, about 95% of China's international trade volume is handled via sea freight.
二、企业如何应对运价高涨？
2. How Can Businesses Cope with High Shipping Costs?
在2022年运费价格继续保持高位的情况下，企业管理运费的能力就显得尤为重要。
With shipping rates remaining high in 2022, businesses' ability to manage freight costs becomes crucial.
深圳市豪速通物流科技有限公司成立于2009年，有物流行业13年+经验，为出口跨境提供国际运输服务及供应链金融等增值服务。
Shenzhen Haosutong Logistics Technology Co., Ltd., founded in 2009, has over 13 years of logistics experience, offering international shipping and supply chain financing for cross-border exports.
